Laughter in Ancient Rome (74 page)

Billig, M.,
223n48
,
225n22

biography, collections of wit in,
202

biology, evolutionary: in laughter theory,
37

bodily control, as marker of social hierarchy,
60

bodily peculiarities: jokes on,
106
,
120
,
121
,
231n4
; Pliny the Elder on,
25
,
42–43

body, human: possession by laughter,
116
.
See also
laughter, physical nature of

bona dicta. See
jokes, Roman

Bonaria, M.,
262n49

Bowen, Barbara,
275n2

Bowen, Jim: retelling of ancient jokes,
18–19

Bowersock, G. W.,
263n61

Bowie, E.,
275n80

Branham, R. B.,
235n45

Braund, D.
275n81

Brugnola, V.,
245n4

Burgdorf, J.,
231n83

Burke, P.,
234n37

cachinnare
(to laugh),
72–73
; and Caligula,
132
; in
The Golden Ass,
183
; meanings of,
72–73
,
239n12
; and Philemon,
177
; in St. Jerome,
266n98

Caesar, Julius,
113
,
168
; baldness of,
132
,
146
;
Dicta Collectanea
of,
202
; gestures of,
75
; joking with captors,
252n2

Caligula, Emperor: Alexandrian Jews’ delegation to,
140–42
,
254n42
; coercing of laughter,
6
,
134
,
147
; flatterers of,
141
; jocularity of,
129
,
132
,
140–42
; murder of joker,
253n12
; pranks on Claudius,
143–44
,
147
; prohibition of laughter,
134
; toleration of joking,
135
; women’s footwear of,
255n56

Callippides (actor), gestures of,
263n63

Calvius Sabinus,
150–51

Cameron, A.,
240n30

cannabis,
gelotophyllis
as,
25
,
28
,
224n8

Capitoline Hill, theater at,
8

Capitolinus (court jester),
143

carnival: inversionary aspects of,
63
,
65
; medieval,
67
; Nietzsche on,
63
,
235n42
; popular culture of,
61
; scholarship on,
234n39

the carnivalesque: Bakhtin on,
61–62
,
64
,
234n39
; consumption in,
236n47
; laughter in,
60
,
61–62
,
223n48
; in Saturnalia,
235n47
; scatology in,
64
; situation in past,
67

Carter, Angela,
3
,
157
,
259n6

Cato, Marcus Porcius: on Cicero’s jokes,
102–3
,
153
,
246n16

Cato the Elder: jokes of,
78
; on Saturnalia,
236n49

Catullus: laughter in,
81
,
242n60
; women’s laughter in,
159–60
,
171
; words for laughter,
73
,
239n12
; words for smiles,
73
,
74
. Works: poem
42
,
159
,
260nn15–16
; wedding hymn for Manlius Torquatus,
84
,
242n60

Catulus, wit of,
111

CAVE CANEM mosaic (House of the Tragic Poet),
58
,
59

cavillatio
(extended humor),
35
,
228n48
; Cicero on,
110
,
111
,
113
,
114
; mime as antitype of,
249n56

Cellini, Benvenuto: Perseus statue of,
220n18

Cercopes, as flatterers,
262n38

Chariton mime,
263n56

Chartier, Roger,
67

Chaucer, Geoffrey: “The Miller’s Tale,”
157

Chesterfield, Lord: advice on laughter,
36
,
60
,
66
,
67
,
237n58
; on “Attic salt,”
94
; as prankster,
237n58
; on smiling,
75
,
240n22

children, laughter of,
44
,
230n75

chimpanzees.
See
monkeys and apes

Choricius of Gaza, defense of mime,
169

chreiai
(witty sayings),
202
,
207
,
274n68

Christmas, Saturnalia and,
63

Chrysippus, death by laughter,
177
,
179
,
180

church and state, medieval: agelastic culture of,
61
,
62

Cicero, Marcus Tullius: on Abdera,
191
; accusations of
scurrilitas
against,
152–53
,
246n15
; attack on Vatinius,
106
,
122–23
,
251n87
; attendance at mimes,
263n54
; compendia of
facetiae,
104–5
; on Crassus the agelast,
176
; defense of Milo,
99–100
,
126–27
,
245n2
; defense of Murena,
102
; on Democritus,
92
,
94
,
95
,
111
,
116
; and Demosthenes,
102
,
103
; on
festivitas,
238n63
; gravitas of,
105
; inappropriate wit of,
103–4
; jokes,
78
,
101–5
,
124
,
126–27
,
153
,
202
,
212
,
245n5
,
246n14
,
270n23
,
275n2
; jokes attributed to,
104
,
105
,
246n22
; jokes on name,
101
; jokes on Stoicism,
102
; on old-style wit,
68
,
237n63
; as priest,
121
; puns of,
99–100
,
245n1
; on quotation use,
194
; relationship with Vatinius,
122–23
; Renaissance view of,
104
,
246n21
; reputation for pomposity,
100–101
; as
ridiculus,
102–3
; scholarship on jokes of,
105
,
247n24
; as
scholastikos,
190
; smiles in,
239n16
; on theology,
121
;
urbanitas
of,
103
; use of invective,
120
,
123
; use of laughter,
95
; use of ridicule,
106
; against Verres,
72
,
239n9
; vocabulary for laughter,
72
; wartime joking of,
38
,
101–2
,
104
,
229n60
,
246n20
; wit of,
100–108