Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish (84 page)
Read Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish Online
Authors: Margarita Madrigal
Tags: #Reference, #Language Arts & Disciplines
HABER,
to have
TRABAJAR,
to work
Notice that the past participle (trabajado) does not change. Only the auxiliary verbs “he, ha, hemos, han” change.
CAMINAR,
to walk
Notice that the past participle (caminado) does not change. It remains the same in the four forms.
GANAR,
to earn, to win, to gain
Notice that the past participle (ganado) does not change. It remains the same in the four forms. Only the auxiliary verbs “he, ha, hemos, han” change.
VIAJAR,
to travel
Words that are associated with traveling begin with the letters “via” (as in via Chicago).
VIAJAR,
to travel
EL VIAJE,
the trip
EL VIAJERO,
the traveler
In order to form the past participle of “er” or of “
ir” verbs. remove the “er” or the “ir” from the infinitive and add “ido.”
| INFINITIVES | PRESENT PERFECT TENSE |
| vender, to sell | he vendido, I have sold |
| comprender, to understand | he comprendido, I have understood |
| aprender, to learn | he aprendido, I have learned |
| convencer, to convince | he convencido, I have convinced |
| correr, to run | he corrido, I have run |
| ofender, to offend | he ofendido, I have offended |
| ofrecer, to offer | he ofrecido, I have offered |
| asistir, to attend | he asistido, I have attended |
| decidir, to decide | he decidido, I have decided |
| discutir, to discuss, to argue | he discutido, I have discussed |
| dividir, to divide | he dividido, I have divided |
| existir, to exist | he existido, I have existed |
| permitir, to permit | he permitido, I have permitted |
| persuadir, to persuade | he persuadido, I have persuaded |
| recibir, to receive | he recibido, I have received |
| sufrir, to suffer | he sufrido, I have suffered |
| vivir, to live | he vivido, I have lived |
| resistir, to resist | he resistido, I have resisted |
| oir, to hear | he oído, I have heard |
| leer, to read | he leido, I have read |
“Oído” and “leído” have an accent on the letter “í.”
VENDER,
to sell
VIVIR,
to live
Remember that the third man form in all tenses stands for everybody and everything in the world except you.
HA CAMINADO means:
| you have walked | have you walked? |
| he has walked | has he walked? |
| she has walked | has she walked? |
| it has walked | has it walked? |
There are a few irregular past participles in Spanish. Two of them which you must know are “visto” (
seen
) and “escrito” (
written
).
VER,
to see
HE VISTO (
I have seen
)
ESCRIBIR,
to write
| este año, this year | He terminado. I have finished. |
| la familia, the family | también, too, also |
| el viaje, the trip | nunca, never |
| la América del Sur, South America | hoy, today |
| todo el día, all day (singular) | últimamente, lately |
| todos los días, every day (plural) | unos clientes, some clients |
| varios (masc), varias (fem., several | unos contratos, some contracts |
| varias veces, several times | He visto. I have seen. He escrito. I have written. He leido. I have read. |