Tolstoy (93 page)
Authors: Rosamund Bartlett
8. Sonya in the drawing room at Yasnaya Polyana, 1902.
9. The old Yasnaya Polyana mansion where Tolstoy was born in 1828, and which he later sold to a neighbouring landowner.
10. Tolstoy's house at Yasnaya Polyana before the addition of a final extension in the 1890s.
11. Tolstoy by Kramskoy (1873).
12. Tolstoy ploughing with horses, 1887 by Repin.
13. Repin, Tolstoy in his study at Yasnaya Polyana, 1891.
14. Repin's first portrait of Tolstoy, 1887.
15. Sonya standing by a portrait of her deceased son Ivan (Vanechka), Yasnaya Polyana, 1897.
16. Tolstoy and his Starley Rover bicycle, 1895.
17. Tolstoy and Sonya, August 1895.
18. The Tolstoy children with their mother in Gaspra, Crimea, 1902.
19. Tolstoy and his sister Maria (Masha), 1908.
20. Tolstoy on horseback in the environs of Yasnaya Polyana, 1908.
21. Tolstoy at the opening of the People's Library in Yasnaya Polyana village, 31 January 1910.
22. Repin, Tolstoy barefoot, 1901.
Illustrations in the text
1. Tolstoy's maternal grandfather, Nikolay Sergeyevich Volkonsky.
2. The house in Moscow, to which Nikolay Ilyich Tolstoy brought his mother, sister and five children in 1837.
3. Page from the first edition of Tolstoy's
ABC
book, 1872.
4. The fourth draft of the opening of
Anna Karenina,
1873.
5. Father Ambrosy, the Elder at Optina Pustyn Monastery.
6. Konstantin Pobedonostsev.
7. Vladimir Chertkov as a young man, 1880s.
8. Pencil drawing by Repin of Tolstoy reading in his favourite chair, 1887.
9. Cartoon showing 'Tolstoy at work'.
10. Tolstoy skating in the back garden of his Moscow house in 1898.
11. Dmitry Khilkov and Sergey Lvovich Tolstoy with a group of those accompanying the Dukhobors to Canada, 1899.
12. Cartoon showing Tolstoy as a giant next to the tiny Tsar, 1901.
13. Tolstoy photographed with his brother Sergey's widow, the former gypsy singer, 1906.
14. Tolstoy and Chertkov, Yasnaya Polyana, 1907.
15. Chertkov and employees of the Free Word Press at his house in Christchurch, 1906.
Picture credits
PLATES
Russian Museum, St Petersburg, / The Bridgeman Art Library: 22; Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow / The Bridgeman Art Library: 11, 12, 14; Leah Bendavid-Val,
Song Without Words: The Photographs & Diaries of Countess Sophia Tolstoy,
Washington, DC, 2007: 15; M. Loginova et al,
L. N. Tolstoi: Dokumenty. Rukopisi. Fotografii,
Moscow, 1995: i—7, 10, 16—18, 20, 21; S. M. Tolstoi,
Tolstoi i Tolstye: ocherki iz istorii roda,
Moscow, 1990: 9, 19
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT
L. N. Tolstoi,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii,
ed. V. G Chertkov, 90 vols, Moscow, 1928—58, vol 20: 4; vol. 22: 3; M. Loginova et al,
L. N. Tolstoi: Dokumenty. Rukopisi. Fotografii,
Moscow, 1995: 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15; S. M. Tolstoi,
Tolstoi i Tolstye: ocherki iz istorii roda,
Moscow, 1990,: 1, 8, 13; Yury Bitovt,
Graf L. N. Tolstoi v karrikaturakh i anekdotakh,
Moscow, 1908: 9; P. N. Krasnov and L. M. Vol'f, eds.,
Gr. Lev Tolstoi: velikiipisatel' zemli russkoi vportretakh, grayurakh, zhivopisi, skul'pture, karikaturakh i t d.,
Moscow, 1903: 12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many people have helped me in various ways during the writing of this book, and I should like to thank: Catherine Clarke; Peter Carson, Penny Daniel, Trevor Horwood and Valentina Zanca; everyone at the Taylor Bodleian Slavonic Library in Oxford, in particular Jenny Griffiths; Gabriel Amherst, Paul and Hilary Bartlett, Clem Cecil, Olga Dubova, Jane Eagan, Michael Earley, Roberta di Giorgi, Candida Ghidini, Monika Greenleaf, Peter Greenleaf, Alexander Hoare, Lara Lamb, Inessa Medzhibovskaya, Nina Lobanov-Ros-tovsky, Judith Luna, Quentin Newark, Tom Newlin, Janet Phillips, Jennie de Protani, Damiano Rebecchini, Laura Rossi, Zoya Serebrennikova, Nick Star-gardt, Vladimir Tarnopolsky, Lucy and Tom Walker and Nana Zhvitiashvili. Special thanks to Vitaly Remizov, Director of the Tolstoy Museum, Moscow, and to the staff of the Tolstoy Museum in Astapovo for all their kindness, also to Georgy Putnikov, Andrey Tolstoy, Tina Jennings, Leonid Maximen-kov, L. D. Kavira, and Daniel Driscoll.
INDEX
Figures in
italics
indicate captions.
A
Abramovich, Maria Ivanovna
[>]
,
[>]
Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Moscow
[>]
Aesop's fables (trans. by T)
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
'The Frog and the Lion'
[>]
–
[>]
Afanasiev, Alexander
[>]
Agafya Mikhailovna (Pelageya Nikolayevna Tolstaya's servant),
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Ahmed III, Sultan
[>]
Aix-les-Bains
[>]
Aksakov, Ivan
[>]
Aksakova, Anna (née Tyutcheva)
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Alarm Clock, The
[>]
Albertini-Sukhotina, Tatyana Mikhailovna ('Tatyana Tatyanovna'; T's granddaughter)
[>]
,
[>]
Aleutian Islands
[>]
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia
[>]
,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
[>]
Alexander II, Tsar of Russia
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Alexander III, Tsar of Russia
[>]
,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
[>]
Alexander Nevsky
(frigate)
[>]
Alexandra, Queen
[>]
Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress Consort
[>]
,
[>]
Alexey Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia
[>]
Alexeyev, Vasily
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow
[>]
All-Russian Central Executive Committee
[>]
Alma, Battle of (1854)
[>]
Alyosha Popovich (bogatyr)
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Ambrosy, Elder
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Anna Ioannovna, Empress
[>]
anti-vivisectionists
[>]
Antony of Egypt, St
[>]
Antony of St Petersburg, Metropolitan
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
The Arabian Nights: Tales from a Thousand and One Nights
[>]
,
[>]
Arbuzov, Pavel
[>]
Arbuzova, Maria Afanasievna
[>]
aristocracy
nouveau-riche
[>]
freed from compulsory state service
[>]
,
[>]
T on moral duties of
[>]
T as a 'repentant nobleman'
[>]
,
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,
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T renounces his aristocratic birthright
[>]
T regards his fellow nobles as vile parasites
[>]
Arkhangelsk
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Armenia
[>]
Arnold, Matthew
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
meets T
[>]
Literature and Dogma: An Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible
[>]
Arseneva, Valeria
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Artaxerxes II
[>]
Assumption Cathedral, Kremlin, Moscow
[>]
Athenaeum Club, Pall Mall, London
[>]
Attila the Hun
[>]
A New Life
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
Augustine, St:
Confessions
[>]
Austerlitz, Battle of (1805)
[>]
Avars
[>]
Avdotya Nikiforovna (T's wetnurse)
[>]
Avvakum, Archpriest
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Azov campaigns
[>]
B
Bad Kissingen, Germany
[>]
Bagration, Prince Pyotr Ivanovich
[>]
Balaclava, Battle of (1854)
[>]
Balbek river
[>]
Balkan Question
[>]
Ballou, Adin:
Catechism of Non-violence
[>]
Balzac, Honoré de
[>]
Barclay de Tolly, General Count Mikhail
[>]
Bartenev, Pyotr
[>]
–
[>]
,
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,
[>]
Baryatinskaya, Princess Elena
[>]
Baryatinsky, General Prince Alexander
[>]
Bashkir people
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Batumi, Black Sea
[>]
Bayreuth
[>]
Bazykin, Timofey (T's illegitimate son)
[>]
Bazykina, Aksinya
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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Becker, Jakob
[>]
Beckett, Samuel
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Beethoven, Ludwig van
[>]
,
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,
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'Ode to Joy' (from Symphony No.9)
[>]
Piano Trios, Op.70
[>]
Violin Sonata No.9 (Kreutzer)
[>]
Begichevka, Ryazan province
[>]
,
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,
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,
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,
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Beguny ('runners')
[>]
Belinsky, Vissarion
[>]
,
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,
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,
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Bell, The
(newspaper)
[>]
Berdyaev, Nikolay
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
The Origin of Russian Communism
[>]
Berezov, Tobolsk province
[>]
Bern, Switzerland
[>]
Bernard, St
[>]
Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques-Henri:
Paul et Virginie
[>]
Bers, Alexander Andreyevich (Sasha; Sonya's brother)
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Bers, Dr Andrey Estafievich (Sonya's father)
birth (1808)
[>]
family doctor to the Turgenevs
[>]
enters the civil service
[>]
marriage to Lyubov Islavina
[>]
–
[>]
loses patience with T
[>]
involved in publication of
War and Peace
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
death
[>]
Bers, Elizaveta Andreyevna (Liza; Sonya's sister)
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
Bers, Evstafy Iogannovich (Gustav; Sonya's grandfather)
[>]
,
[>]
Bers, Ivan (originally Johann Bars or Behrs; Sonya's great-grandfather)
[>]
–
[>]