Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla (73 page)

25. “An infinitesimal world, with molecules and their atoms spinning and moving in orbits, in much the same manner as celesial bodies, carrying with them and probably spinning with them ether, or in other words, carrying with them static charges, seems to my mind the most probable view, and one which in a plausible manner, accounts for most of the phenomena observed. The spinning of the molecules and their ether sets up the ether tensions or electrostatic strains; the equalization of ether tensions sets up ether motions or electric currents, and the orbital movements produce the effects of electro and permanent magnetism.” NT, “Experiments With Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination,” lecture delivered before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers at Columbia College (May 20, 1891). In T. C. Martin, ed.,
The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla
(New York: Electrical Engineer, 1893), p. 149.

26. Orrin Dunlop,
Radio’s 100 Men of Science
(New York: Harper and Bros., 1944), pp. 156-58.

27. NT, “How Cosmic Forces Shape Our Destiny,”
New York American,
February 27, 1925, in
Lectures, Patents, Articles,
p. A-172.

28. Ibid.

29. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena,” (Feb/March 1893), in
Inventions, Researches,
p. 301.

30. Ibid., p. 347.

31. Ibid., p. 347.

32. William Broughton Jr., “William Broughton Dedication Speech,” Schenectady Museum, Schenectady, N.Y., February 6, 1976 [Nick Basura Archives].

33. NT,
Inventions, Researches and Writings,
p. 348.

34. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 29.

35. William Preece, “On the Transmission of Electrical Signals Through Space,”
Electrical Engineer,
August 30, 1893, p. 209.

36. O. E. Dunlap, 1944, pp. 58-59; also James Corum lecture,
One Hundred Years of Resonator Development,
ITS Conference, Colorado Springs, Colo., 1992.

37. M. Josephson,
Thomas Alva Edison
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), p. 128.

38. R. Conot,
Streak of Luck
(New York: Bantam, 1981), p. 95.

39. Preece, “On the Transmission of Electrical Signals.”

40. A. Slaby, “The New Telegraphy,”
Century,
1897, pp. 867-77.

41. Oliver Lodge,
Talks About Wireless
(New York: Cassell, 1925), p. 32.

42. NT, “The True Wireless,”
Electrical Experimenter,
May 1919, pp. 28-30, 61-63, 87; in
Solutions to Tesla’s Secrets,
pp. 62-68.

1. “New Electric Inventions,”
New York Recorder,
June 15; 1891.

2. NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,”
Electrical World,
April 29, 1893, pp. 323-24.

3. “Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,”
New York Herald,
April 23, 1893; NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,” pp. 323-24.

4. [WBP].

5. TCM, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,”
Electrcial Engineer,
March 8, 1893, pp. 248-49.

6. [WBP].

7. TCM, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,”
Electrical Engineer,
March 8, 1893.

8. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena,”
Electrical Engineer,
June 28, 1893, p. 627.

9. NT, “Nikola Tesla & His Wonderful Discoveries,”
Electrical World,
April 29, 1893, pp. 323-24.

10. Ibid.

11. NT, “On Phenomena Produced by Electric Force,” in
Inventions, Researches and Writings,
February/March 1893, p. 318.

12. Ibid., p. 318-19.

13. TCM, “A New Edison on the Horizon,”
Review of Reviews,
March 1894, p. 355.

14. Martin, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,” March 8, 1893.

15. NT,
Inventions, Researches and Writings,
p. 349.

16. M. Josephson,
Thomas Alva Edison
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954), p. 235.

17. Thomas Edison, “A Long Chat With the Most Interesting Man in the World,”
Morning Journal,
July 26, 1891 [TAE].

18. NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,”
Electrical World,
April 29, 1893, from
New York Herald,
April 23, 1893.

19. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 41.

20. Ibid., p. 83.

21. TCM, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,”
Century,
April 1895, pp. 916-33.

22. Ibid. See also NT,
Nikola Tesla: Lectures
1956, pp. P-141-145, P-225-231.

23. NT, “On Phenomena Produced by Electrostatic Force,” in
Inventions, Researches, and Writings,
February/March, 1893, pp. 319-21.

24. William Cameron.
The World’s Fair: A Pictorial History of the Columbian Exposition
(New Haven, Conn.: James Brennan & Co., 1894), pp. 108, 669-70; Stanley Applebaum,
The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893: A Pictorial Record
(New York: Dover, 1980), pp. 96-97, 106.

25. W. E. Cameron,
World’s Fair,
pp. 641-85.

26. Ibid., p. 316.

27. Ibid., p. 318.

28. J. Barrett,
Electricity at the Columbian Exposition
(Chicago: Donnelley & Sons, 1894), pp. 168-69; “Mr. Tesla’s Personal Exhibit at the World’s Fair,”
Electrical Engineer,
November 29, 1893, pp. 466-68.

29. Cameron,
World’s Fair,
p. 325; G. R. Davis,
World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893
(Philadelphia: W. Houston & Co., 1893), p. 127;
World’s Fair Youth Companion
(Boston: 1893), p. 19.

30. “Electricians Listen in Wonder to the ‘Wizard of Physics,’”
Chicago Tribune,
August 26, 1893 (Edison Archives).

31. “Tesla’s Egg of Columbus,”
Electrical Experimenter,
March 1919, p. 775.

1. TCM, “Nikola Tesla,”
Century,
February 1894, pp. 582-85.

2. “Electricians Listen in Wonder to the ‘Wizard of Physics’,” August 26, 1893.

3. TCM, “A New on the Horizon,”
Review of Reviews,
March 1894, p. 355.

4. Arthur Brisbane, “Our Foremost Electrician, Nikola Tesla,”
World,
July 22, 1894.

5. Robert Underwood Johnson,
Remembered Yesterdays
(Boston: Little Brown, 1923).

6. W. T. Stephenson, “Electric Light of the Future,”
Outlook
March 9, 1895, pp. 384-356.

7. Ibid. [The experience of this reporter was adapted to the Johnson meeting]

8. Ibid.

9. NT to RUJ, January 8, 1894 [BCU].

10. NT to RUJ, December 7, 1893 [BCU].

11. NT, “Introductory Note on Zmai,” in R. U. Johnson,
Songs of Liberty and Other Poems
(New York: Century, 1897), pp. 43-47.

12. KJ to NT [NTM].

13. Ibid., April 3, 1896.

14. Ibid., December 6, 1897.

15. Ibid., June 6, 1898.

16. TCM to KJ, January 8, 1894 [BLCU].

17. TCM to NT, January 22, 1894 [NTM].

18. Johnson,
Remembered Yesterdays,
p. 400.

19. Ibid.

20. Mark Twain to NT, March 4, 1894; RUJ to NT, March 5, 1894; NT to RUJ, April 26, 1894 [BLCU].

21. Mark Twain Papers [BLCU].

22. F. Anderson, ed.,
Mark Twain’s Notebooks and Journals,
vol. 3, 1883-1891 (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1979), p. 431.

23. Ibid.

24. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 53.

25. NT, 1897, pp. 286-87.

26. NT to RUJ, May 2, 1894 [BLCU].

27. NT to KJ, May 2, 1894 [BLCU].

28. TCM to NT, February 17, 1894 [NTM].

29. Nicholas Pribic, “Nikola Tesla: The Human Side of a Scientist,”
Tesla Journal,
nos. 2 & 3 (1982-83), p. 25.

30. TCM to NT, February 6, 1894 [NTM].

31. J. Abraham and R. Savin,
Elihu Thomson Correspondence
(New York: Academic Press, 1971), p. 352.

32. TCM to RUJ, February 7, 1894 [BLCU].

33. NT, “Elliott Cresson Gold Medal Award,”
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. D-5.

34. RUJ to H. G. Osborn, May 7, 1894 [BLCU].

35. H. G. Osborn to Seth Low, January 30, 1894 [BLCU].

1. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 48.

2. E. D. Adams,
Niagara Power: 1886-1918
(New York: Niagara Falls Power Co., 1927), pp. 148-49; H. Passer,
The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875-1900
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), pp. 283-84.

3. Ibid.

4. T. Hughes,
Networks of Power
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), pp. 97-98, 238-39.

5. J. A. Fleming, “Nikola Tesla,” in
Tribute to Nikola Tesla
(1961), p. A-222.

6. Hughes, in
Networks of Power,
wrote, “It is difficult to understand why he [Ferranti] and his financial backers took such a great leap beyond the state of existing technology in their Depford project.” Hughes, loath to give Tesla unequivocal credit, was therefore unable to make the connection.

7. H. Satterlee, J.
Pierpont Morgan: An Intimate Portrait
(New York: Macmillan, 1939), pp. 194, 221, 228, 269, 300, 307, 325.

8. R. Conot,
Streak of Luck: The Life Story of Edison
(New York: Bantam Books, 1981), p. 340.

9. H. Passer,
Electrical Manufacturers,
p. 285.

10. E. D. Adams,
Niagara Power,
pp. 173, 176, 185.

11. Charles Scott, “Nikola Tesla’s Achievements in the Electrical Art,”
AIEE Transactions,
1943 [Archives, Westinghouse Corp.].

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid., pp. 179-87.

14. David Woodbury,
Beloved Scientist: Elihu Thomson
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1944), p. 214.

15.
Electrical World,
May 25, 1895, p. 603.

16. H. Passer,
Electrical Manufacturers,
p. 292.

17. H. Prout, p. 144.

18. H. Passer, p. 298.

19. Woodbury; Abraham and Savin. Interestingly, Passer, 1953, whose work is a primary source for this event, completely misunderstood Tesla’s central role in the Niagara project, even though he had access to the files of G.E. and Westinghouse. Passer could not understand why the contract was given to Westinghouse over G.E.

20. H. Passer, p. 292.

21. F. L. Stetson, in de Lancey Rankine,
Memorabilia of William Birch Rankine,
(Niagara Falls: Power City Press, 1926), p. 28.

22. “Nikola Tesla and His Works,”
Review of Reviews,
August 8, 1894, p. 215.

23. “Nikola Tesla and His Work,”
New York Times,
September 16, 1894, 20:1-4.

24. “Tesla’s Work at Niagara,”
New York Times,
July 16, 1895, 10:5.

25. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].

26. “The Nikola Tesla Company,”
Electrical Engineering,
February 13, 1895, p. 149.

27. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].

1. D. McFarlan Moore to NT, June 13, 1931.In
Tribute to Tesla
1961, p. LS-41.

2. TCM to NT, February 6, 1894 (some paraphrasing for readability’s sake).

3. TCM to NT, May 7, 1894.

4. T. C. Martin, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,”
Century,
April 1895, in
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
1961, pp. A-11-32.

5. Ibid., July 18, 1894.

6. NT to RUJ, December 4, 1894 [BLCU].

7. Ibid., p. A-20.

8. EE. “American Electr-Therapeutic Association”; “An Evening in Tesla’s Laboratory,”
Electrical Engineering,
October 3, 1894, pp. 278-79.

9. NT vs. Reginald A. Fessenden,
Interference,
21:701, April 16, 1902, p. 20 [Scherff papers, BLCU].

10. Herbert Spencer,
The Principles of Biology
(New York: Appleton, 1896).

11. NT, April 16, 1902, p. 19; “The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires As a Means for Furthering Peace,”
Electrical World,
January 1905, pp. 21-24.

12. T. C. Martin, op. cit. April 1895, in
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
1961, pp. A-31-32.

13. Ibid.

14. “NT and his works,”
Review of Reviews,
August 1894, p. 215.

15. “Tesla and Edison,”
Watertower Times,
April 24, 1895 [TAE].

16. “Nikola Tesla,”
Electrical World,
April 14, 1894, p. 489.

17. F. Jarvis Patten, “Nikola Tesla and His Work,”
Electrical World,
April 14, 1894, pp. 496-99; “Tesla and Edison,”
Watertower Times,
April 24, 1895 [TAE].

16. Arthur Brisbane, “Our Foremost Electrician,”
New York World,
July 22, 1894, Sunday supplement.

17. “Tesla’s Triumphs,”
St. Louis Daily Globe Democrat,
March 2, 1893, p. 4.

20. NT, “Tuned Lightning,”
English Mechanic and World of Science,
March 8, 1907, pp. 107-108.

21. W. T. Stephenson, “Electrical Light of the Future,”
Outlook,
March 9, 1895, pp. 384-86.

22. NT vs. Fessenden, April 16, 1902, p. 14.

23. Ibid., Scherffs testimony, p. 89.

24. Patents 454,622 (June 23, 1891); 462, 418 (November 3, 1891); 514,168 (February 6, 1894). In
Lectures, Patents, Articles,
pp. P-221-27.

25. Michael Pupin papers [BLCU].

26. NT, “High Frequency and High Potential Currents,” February 1892, in
Inventions, Researches and Writings
(1894), p. 292.

27. Pupin papers, March 28, 1894 [BLCU].

28. Ibid., August 23, 1895.

29. Ibid., May 21, 1895.

30. Ibid., July 25, 1896.

31. NT to RUJ, December 21, 1894 [BLCU].

1. Charles Dana, “The Destruction of Tesla’s Workshop,”
New York Sun,
March 13, 1895; in
Tribute,
1961, p. LS-18.

2. D. McFarlan Moore to NT, June 13, 1931; in
Tribute,
1961, p. LS-41.

3. John O’Neill,
Prodigal Genius,
1944.

4. J. Ratzlaff and Leland Anderson, eds.,
Dr. Nikola Tesla Bibliography
(Palo Alto, CA: Ragusen Press, 1979), p. 34.