A Brief History of the Vikings (36 page)

Bulgars/Bulgaria
109
,
112
,
193

Buri
20

burial mounds
24

Byrhtnoth
126–7

Byzantine Empire
10–11
,
13
,
99
,
103–5
,
106
,
108–13
,
162
,
190–6
,
215

Caithness
68
,
89
,
143
,
216

Cambridge
75

Canada
150–1
,
217
,
219

Canninefates
4

Canterbury
171–2

Canute the Great, King of England
167
,
173–4
,
175–9
,
180
,
181–4
,
187
,
194
,
197
,
207

Canute the Holy, King of Denmark (St Canute)
214

Cape Cod
152
,
223

Carlingford Lough
73

Carpini, Friar
225

Caspian Sea
10
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
112

Celts
121
,
142

cemeteries
71
,
84
,
101
,
105

Cervianus, Aurelius
1
,
2
,
5

Charlemagne
52
,
59–61

Charles the Bald
62

Charles the Simple
86

Chauci
3–4

Chicago World Fair
53

children, exposure of
144

China
11
,
13
,
225

Chippenham
77

chivalry
160

Christianity

echoes of in Viking sagas
44
,
46–7

Viking conversions to
14
,
61–3
,
64–5
,
78
,
80
,
95–7
,
110–12
,
114–15
,
118
,
120
,
123
,
129–30
,
131–6
,
179
,
180

Christmas
95
,
97

Cimbri
3
,
23

Cirencester
192

clergy, as targets of Vikings
49
,
52

Cleveland
209

climate, changes in
5
,
44
,
117
,
217–18
,
229

Clonmacnoise
72

Clontarf, battle of
216

Clyde, River
74

coins
105–6
,
170
,
214
,
223

Columbus, Christopher
158
,
223
,
224
,
225

Columcille
69

compasses, solar
55

Conrad, Emperor
183

Constantine VII, Emperor
112

Constantine IX, Emperor
195

Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Emperor
103

Constantinople
10
,
83
,
99
,
104
,
111–12
,
114
,
190
,
191
,
194
,
195–6
,
215

Viking attacks on
108–10
,
112–13
,
115

constellations
17

Copford
167

Cornwall
125
,
163
,
178

Crab Island
221

creation, myth of
19–20

Crimea
106
,
115
,
215

cross-dressing
56

Crusades
67

curachs
138

Cwichelm’s Barrow
167

Dan
24

danegeld
76
,
122
,
167
,
181–2

Danelaw
78
,
79
,
80
,
128
,
165
,
172

Daneskin
167–8

Danevirke
60–1
,
63
,
119
,
120

Danube, River
110

Davis Strait
153
,
159

days of the week
33–4

De Administrando Imperio
103

Delaware river
222

Denmark

attacked by Germany
119–20

burial sites
24

Christianity in
61–3
,
64–5
,
215

origin of name
24

place-names
19

power struggles in
64–5
,
94
,
215

raids on the Vik
94

Swedish control of
64

and trade routes
59

tribes
3–4

Viking raids on
197
,
200–1

war with Franks
60–3

Derby
77

Derwent, River
211

Devon
163
,
165

Diplomatarium Islandicum
143

dísir
36

divorce
56

DNA testing
14
,
66
,
228

Dnieper, River
101
,
102
,
103
,
108

Don, River
18
,
106

Dorset
76
,
176

Dragon’s heads
54

dreams
36

Drevljane tribesmen
110–11

Dristra
113

drums, shamanic
35

Dublin
70–1
,
73–4
,
125
,
142

Dunvegan Castle
217

dwarves
36
,
40–1

Eadric Streona (‘the Acquisitor’)
168

East Anglia
6
,
74
,
79
,
163
,
165
,
171
,
176
,
178

East Saxons
6
,
125–6

Edda
16
,
17
,
45

Edgar the Atheling
215

Edgar, King of England
121

Edington, battle of
77

Edith (daughter of Aethelred Unraed)
171

Edmund I, King of England
93

Edmund, King of East Anglia
74–5

Edmund Ironside
174–6
,
215

Edward the Confessor
177
,
206

Edward the Elder, King of Wessex
78

Edwin, Earl
209

Eggertsson, Gunnar
227

Egil’s Saga
90

Eider, River
60

eiderdown
25

Einar Paunch-shaker
161
,
162–3
,
184
,
202–3

Eindridi
203

Elfsborg
222

Elgar, Edward
8

Ellisif, Princess
190
,
196
,
203
,
208

elves
36

Emma, Queen
128
,
175
,
177
,
184

End-Times
44–6

England

Danes massacred in
12
,
164–5

foundation of modern
79

invasion of 1066
207–12

navy
169

Norse place-names in
228

Viking raids on
121–2
,
125–9
,
163–78
,
214–15

English Channel
4
,
86
,
121

Erik Bloodaxe
37
,
90–4
,
97
,
116
,
118
,
163
,
209

Erik, Earl of Trondheim
123
,
161
,
162–3
,
176
,
178
,
179

Erik the Red
145–8
,
150
,
152
,
154
,
157
,
219

Erik the Victorious
56
,
119
,
120
,
122
,
123
,
124
,
130

Erik’s Saga
152

Eriksson, Leif
223
,
226–8

Eríkssonur, Leif
xiv

Erp
143

Essex
6
,
79
,
125
,
127
,
175

Estonia
xii
,
12
,
99
,
124
,
189

Eyjolf the Lame
56

Eystein the Bad
95

Eystein Orri
212

Eyvind Kelda
132

Eyvind the Plagerist
56

Faeroes
10
,
54
,
85
,
140
,
220

Fafnir
39
,
41

family feuds
87–97
,
160

family trees
xiv
,
123
,
233–8

famine
166

Fárbauti
38

Fatimid Caliphate
192

Fenris
39
,
44–5

Finland/Finns
12
,
13
,
14
,
32
,
37
,
99
,
99–100
,
180–1

Finnmark
85

fires, sacred
35

Five Boroughs
76–7
,
173

Fjorgynn
34
,
35

Folkstone
125

Formosus, Pope
78

Franks/Francia
4
,
6
,
50
,
59
,
65
,
104
,
124
,
129
,
170
,
173

alliance with Wessex
75

grant land to Vikings
86

war with Saxons and Danes
60–2

Frey
18
,
23
,
34
,
45
,
97
,
144

Freya
18
,
34
,
39

Freydis (daughter of Erik the Red)
157–8

Freyfaxi
23

Frigg
18
,
34
,
42

Frisia
61

Funen
24

furs
25
,
50
,
100
,
104
,
108

futhark
runic alphabet
xiii

Fuzhou
11

fylgjur
36

Fyn
65

Gainsborough
173

Galti, Snaebjorn
146

Gandalf
82

gandir
36

Gannascus
4

Gardar the Swede
139

Garm
45

Gate Fulford
209

Gaul
see
Franks/Francia

Geira, Princess
124

Georgia
114

Germany
59
,
112
,
119–20
,
218

Geysa, Thorkel
200–1

giants
35
,
38
,
45

Ginnungagap
19

Goda
125

Godard Point, Maine
214

Godfred
60
,
61
,
63

Godric
127

gods

German
34

Norse
18–33
,
38–47

Godwine, Earl
175
,
177
,
206

Godwinson
see
Harold II

Gokstad ship
53–4
,
58

Gorm the Old
64
,
82

Goths
4
,
23

Gotland
25
,
64
,
98–9
,
106
,
137

Graiae
21

grave-goods
24
,
28
,
53
,
57
,
67
,
98–9
,
105
,
106
,
108
,
170

Great Army, Viking
75–6

Great Heathen Host
66–80
,
164
,
208

Greece
10
,
21

Greek fire
109

Greenland

Christianity in
153
,
218

colonisation of
147–8
,
158–9
,
217

discovery of
146–7

Inuits in
218–20

last Vikings in
218–21

under Norwegian rule
218

Greenlander Saga
149
,
150
,
151
,
152
,
156
,
157

Greenwich
172

Gregory, Father
111

Grendel
25

Grimnismal
17

Grjotgarth
117

Gudrid
xii
,
152
,
154–6

Gulathing Law
83

Gulf Stream
140
,
147

Gunnbjörn’s Skerries
145
,
146

Gunnhild Kingsmother
37
,
56
,
90–1
,
93
,
94
,
97
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
123
,
124

Gunnhild (sister of Forkbeard)
165

Gunnhilde (daughter of Canute)
183

Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue
128

Gunroth the Generous
58

Guthorm
81–2
,
129