A Disease in the Public Mind (53 page)

15
. James Ford Rhodes,
History of the Civil War, 1861–1865
(New York: 1917), 43.

16
. Mr. Lincoln & Friends,
http://mrlincolnandfriends.org/inside.asp?pageID54&subjectD=4
. Also see Robert C. Williams,
Horace Greeley: Champion of American
Freedom
(New York: 2006), 222. After Bull Run, Greeley admitted to himself and others that he was “done as a politician.”

CHAPTER 24: THE THIRD EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

1
. Gary Joiner,
Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862
(New York: 2007), 427. For the letter in full see L. U. Reavis,
A Representative Life of Horace Greeley
(New York: 1872), 253–258.

2
. Letter from Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greeley, August 22, 1962, in
Speeches
, vol. 2, 357–358.

3
. Guelzo,
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
, 92–97.

4
. Ibid., 29–31.

5
. Ibid., 44–51, 74.

6
. J. Michael Moore,
The Peninsula Campaign of 1862: A Military Analysis
(Jackson, MS: 2005), 16. “A History of Notable Senate Investigations,” Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, U.S. Senate Historical Office,
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/investigations/pdf/JCCW_Fullcitations.pdf
. For an excellent balanced history of this committee, see Bruce Tap,
Over Lincoln's Shoulder
(Lawrence, KS: 1998), Introduction.

7
. Essay by Howard Jones, in
Presidents, Diplomats and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert Ferrell
, John Gary Clifford et al. (Columbia, MO: 2007), 22.

8
. Brian McGinty,
The Body of John Merryman: Abraham Lincoln and the Suspension of Habeus Corpus
(Cambridge, MA: 2011), 96. Also see Benjamin Quarles,
Lincoln and the Negro
(New York: 1991), 86; and Michael Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
(Baltimore, MD: 2008), 397.

9
. Michael Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks
(Baltimore, MD: 2002), 210. William Jackson Johnstone,
Abraham Lincoln: The Christian
(New York: 1913), 88.

10
. Robert Striner,
Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery
(New York: 2008), 152–154.

11
. Letter from Abraham Lincoln to Hannibal Hamlin, Sept 28, 1862,
Speeches
, vol. 2, 375.

12
. Larry Tagg,
The Unpopular Mr. Lincoln: The Story of America's Most Reviled President
(New York: 2009), 317.

13
. J. M. Blackett,
Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War
(Baton Rouge, LA: 2001), 175.

14
. Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1863,
Speeches
, vol. 2, 393–415. Tagg,
The Unpopular Mr. Lincoln
, 334. Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln
, 397.

15
. Guelzo,
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
, 260.

16
. Tap,
Over Lincoln's Shoulder
, 142–148.

17
. Guelzo,
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
, 181–185. Also see James C. Welling, editor of the
National Intelligencer
, on the abolitionists' threats in
Reminiscences of
Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Tim
e by Allen Thorndike Rice (New York: 1909), 533.

CHAPTER 25: THE HUNT AFTER THE CAPTAIN

1
. Gary W. Gallagher,
The Union War
(Cambridge, MA: 2011). Anyone who seeks to understand the Civil War should read this book.

2
. Ibid., 52 (Seward memorandum), 63 (Miller diary).

3
. “My Hunt After the Captain,”
The Atlantic
,
http://theatlantic.com/magazine/print/1862/12/my-hunt-after-the-captain/308750
.

4
. The reference to fighting to defend their homes is further evidence of the persistence of Thomas Jefferson's nightmare in the southern public mind.

5
. Albert W. Altschuler,
Law Without Values: The Life, Work, and Legacy of Justice Holmes
(Chicago: 2000), 39–40. The Twentieth Regiment was known as the “Copperhead Regiment.”

6
. Ibid., 43–44.

7
. Ibid., 46.

8
. Menand,
The Metaphysical Club
, 67.

EPILOGUE: LINCOLN'S VISITOR

1
. Freeman,
R. E. Lee
, 113–148.

2
. David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York: 1995), 581–585.

3
. Ibid., 588.

4
. Marquis Adolphe de Chambrun,
Impressions of Lincoln and the Civil War: A Foreigner's Account
, translated from the French by General Adelbert de Chambrun (New York: 1952), preface, v–x.

5
. Ibid., 72–82.

6
. Donald,
Lincoln
, 589–590.

7
. Ibid., 591–592.

8
. John Raymond Howard, ed.,
Patriotic Addresses in America and England from 1850–1865
(New York: 1891), 688–689. Also see David Blight,
Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory
(Cambridge, MA: 2001), 67–68: “The Reverend Henry Ward Beecher, orator of the day, condemned South Carolina's secessionists to eternal damnation: the South's “remorseless traitors” were held fully responsible for the war.”

9
. Freeman,
R. E. Lee
, 206–207.

10
. John Hay,
Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete War Diary of John Hay
, edited by Michael Burlinghame and John R. Turner Ettinger (Carbondale, IL: 1997), 67, 69, 70. Hay used the word so often that he sometimes shortened it and called Lincoln “The T” (68, 76).

11
. Charles Bracelen Flood,
Lee, The Last Years
(Boston: 1981), 51.

12
. Donald,
Lincoln
, 593. The visitor was Senator James Harlan of Iowa.

13
. Chambrun,
Impressions of Lincoln
, 84.

INDEX

Abbott, Henry,
303–304

Abolition of slavery

     
attacks on Garrison,
111–113

     
British abolition of slavery in the West Indies,
110–113
,
192–194

     
disillusionment with,
301–303

     
founding generation's stance on,
47–48

     
Jefferson's support for,
29

     
pressures on Lincoln,
261

     
Quaker efforts for,
20–21

     
South America,
16–17

Abolitionists

     
attacks on Lincoln,
293–294

     
Clay's political compromise,
183–184

     
criticism of Lee,
270

     
demand for surrender,
306

     
Fredericksburg,
298

     
fugitive slave laws,
185

     
fundraising bill,
172

     
gag rule,
149–152

     
holding military funding,
299–300

     
hostility to Texas's admission,
162–163

     
Lincoln's plea for negotiated peace,
296–297

     
Lincoln's religious views,
294–295

     
Pierce's attack on,
219–220

     
political maneuverings between abolitionists and conciliators,
265–268

     
postwar hostility,
311–312

     
religious doctrine,
138–141

     
schism among,
137–138

     
Southern hostility towards,
145–146
,
181–182

     
Southern panic over slave revolts,
239–240

     
Southern propaganda,
143–144

     
The Slave Power replacing religion,
177–178

     
treatment of Lee's slaves,
236

     
Uncle Tom's Cabin,
187–190

     
Virginia's abolitionists,
123

     
Proposed ban on slavery in Washington, DC,
144

     
Weld's crusade,
129–135

     
See also
Brown, John
;
Garrison, William Lloyd

Adams, Abigail,
65

Adams, Charles Francis,
155
,
167
,
256
,
261

Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.,
261–262

Adams, John,
27–28
,
45
,
60–61
,
65
,
69–70
,
81–82
,
94
,
143

Adams, John Quincy,
100
,
251

     
Amistad
revolt,
152–153

     
antislavery petitions,
146–148

     
death and legacy,
173–175

     
freedom of speech,
146

     
gag rule,
149–152
,
155–156

     
Garrison's disunion motion,
153–155

     
Mexican War,
169

     
Texas,
161–162
,
166–167

     
The Slave Power,
162–163

     
trade tariffs,
116

     
views of slavery,
144–145

     
Wilmot's Proviso,
172

Adams, Samuel,
26–27
,
41

Agassiz, Louis,
190–192

Alaska,
168

Alcoholism,
130

Alexander, Edward Porter,
306

Alford, Julius,
151

Alien and Sedition Acts,
84

Amalgamation, racial,
192
,
232–233

American Anti-Slavery Society,
111–112
,
131
,
133
,
137

American Colonization Society,
89–91
,
95–96
,
104
,
109
,
111–112
,
233

American Revolution (War of Independence),
32–35
,
39–49
,
54
,
82

Ames, Fisher,
82–83
,
102–103

Amistad
revolt,
152–153

Anarchism,
139

Andrew, John Albion,
245
,
248
,
255–256
,
274–275

Anthropology,
190–191

Antietam, Battle of,
295
,
302–303

Appleton, William,
267

Archbishop of Canterbury,
205

Articles of Confederation,
48
,
50–51

The Atlantic Monthly,
261
,
302

Austin, James T.,
140

Baker, Ned,
263

Ball's Bluff, Battle of,
302

Baltimore Massacre,
274–276

Battle Hymn of the Republic,
277
,
310

Beauregard, Pierre G. T.,
267
,
283
,
285–286
,
288

Beckham, Fontaine,
10

Beecher, Henry Ward,
187
,
216
,
294
,
311–312

Beecher, Lyman,
130–131
,
187

Bell, John,
252
,
268