A Queer History of the United States (36 page)

17.
Chauncey,
Gay New York,
156.
[back]

18.
John Donald Gustav-Wrathall,
Take the Young Stranger by the Hand: Same-Sex Relations and the YMCA
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 57.
[back]

19.
Chauncey,
Gay New York,
251.
[back]

20.
Robert C. Allen,
Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 26.
[back]

21.
Daniel Hurwitz,
Bohemian Los Angeles and the Making of Modern Politics
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 34.
[back]

22.
Dorothy Parker, “A Musical Comedy Thought,”
Vanity Fair,
June 1916.
[back]

23.
Jeffrey Melnick,
A Right to Sing the Blues: African Americans, Jews, and American Popular Song
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 110–11.
[back]

24.
Robert Benchley, quoted in Emily Wortis Leider,
Becoming Mae West
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997), 206.
[back]

25.
Ethel Merman, vocal performance of “A Lady Needs a Change,” by Dorothy Fields and Arthur Schwartz, on
Ethel Merman: Red, Hot and Blue!
(1939 Studio Cast) /
Stars in Your Eyes
(1939 Studio Cast), AEI, July 14, 1995, compact disc.
[back]

26.
New York Times,
quoted in Toni Bentley,
Sisters of Salome
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), 68.
[back]

27.
New York Morning Telegraph,
quoted in Kaier Curtin,
“We Can Always Call Them Bulgarians”: The Emergence of Lesbians and Gay Men on the American Stage
(Boston: Alyson Publications, 1987), 95.
[back]

28.
Lillian Faderman and Stuart Timmons,
Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians
(New York: Basic Books, 2006), 39–69.
[back]

29.
Chicago Tribune,
July 18, 1926.
[back]

30.
“I Don't Care” lyric, quoted in Susan A. Glenn,
Female Spectacle: The Theatrical Roots of Modern Feminism
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 63–66.
[back]

31.
Glenn,
Female Spectacle,
59–63.
[back]

32.
Betty Lee,
Marie Dressler: The Unlikeliest Star
(Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1997), 152.
[back]

33.
Faderman,
Odd Girls,
71.
[back]

34.
Nan Alamilla
Boyd,
Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 48.
[back]

35.
Chad Heap,
Slumming: Sexual and Racial Encounters in American Nightlife, 1885–1940
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), 247.
[back]

36.
“The Simple Things” lyric, quoted in Faderman and Timmons,
Gay L.A.
, 44.
[back]

37.
Heap,
Slumming,
248.
[back]

38.
Richard Bruce Nugent,
Gentleman Jigger: A Novel of the Harlem Renaissance
(Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 2008), 174.
[back]

39.
Hurewitz,
Bohemian,
133.
[back]

40.
J. Edgar Hoover, quoted in Charles E. Morris III, “Pink Herring and the Fourth Persona: J. Edgar Hoover's Sex Crime Panic,”
Quarterly Journal of Speech
88, no. 2 (May 2002), 228–44.
[back]

41.
Allan Bérubé,
Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two
(New York: Free Press, 1990), 258.
[back]

42.
Davis Levering Lewis,
W. E. B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919–1963
(New York: Henry Holt, 2000), 224.
[back]

43.
Carl Van Doren, quoted in Lewis,
W. E. B. Du Bois
, 158.
[back]

Chapter Seven: Production and Marketing of Gender

1.
Jonathan Ned Katz,
The Invention of Heterosexuality
(New York: Dutton, 1995).
[back]

2.
William Leach,
Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1993), 86, 328.
[back]

3.
Gary Cross,
Kids' Stuff: Toys and the Changing World of American Childhood
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 51.
[back]

4.
Leach,
Land of Desire,
86.
[back]

5.
Cross,
Kids' Stuff,
69.
[back]

6.
Cindy S. Aron,
Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 83–85.
[back]

7.
Sarah Watts,
Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 133.
[back]

8.
Susan S. Lanser, “Feminist Criticism, ‘The Yellow Wallpaper,' and the Politics of Color in America,”
Feminist Studies
15, no. 3 (Fall 1989), 225–50.
[back]

9.
Satter,
Each Mind,
216.
[back]

10.
Harry Bruinius,
Better for All the World: The Secret History of Forced Sterilization and America's Quest for Racial Purity
(New York: Knopf, 2006),
71–72.
[back]

11.
Michael Amico, “Breeding Injustice,”
Boston Phoenix,
August 10, 2006.
[back]

12.
Tim Jeal,
The Boy-Man: The Life of Lord Baden-Powell
(New York: William Morrow, 1990), 359.
[back]

13.
Robert Baden-Powell, quoted in Jeal,
The Boy-Man,
162.
[back]

14.
Michael Rosenthal,
The Character Factory: Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts and the Imperative of Empire
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1986), 3.
[back]

15.
Rev. F. X. Lasance,
Young Man's Guide: Counsels, Reflections, and Prayers for Catholic Young Men
(Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1910), 326–27.
[back]

16.
Ibid., 403.
[back]

17.
John F. Kasson,
Houdini, Tarzan, and the Perfect Man: The White Male Body and the Challenge of Modernity in America
(New York: Hill and Wang, 2001), 203–5.
[back]

18.
Edgar Rice Burroughs,
Tarzan of the Apes
, quoted in Kasson,
Houdini
, 204.
[back]

19.
Edgar Rice Burroughs,
Tarzan of the Apes
(1912; New York: Ballantine, 1983), 73, quoted in Gail Bederman,
Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 225.
[back]

20.
Robert Ernst,
Weakness Is a Crime: The Life of Bernarr Macfadden
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 42.
[back]

21.
Ibid., 144.
[back]

22.
Leach,
Land of Desire,
66.
[back]

23.
Thorstein Veblen,
The Theory of the Leisure Class
(New York: Random House, The Modern Library, 1934), 24.
[back]

24.
Dorothy Hart and Robert Kimball, eds.,
The Complete Lyrics of Lorenz Hart
(New York: Knopf, 1986), 168.
[back]

25.
Stephen Prothero,
American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 99.
[back]

26.
Ibid., 94.
[back]

27.
Murray B. Levin,
Political Hysteria in America: The Democratic Capacity for Repression
(New York: Basic Books, 1971), 91.
[back]

28.
Ole Hanson,
Americanism versus Bolshevism
(New York: Doubleday, 1920), 283–84, quoted in Levin,
Political Hysteria,
16.
[back]

29.
Royal A. Baker,
The Menace of Bolshevism
(Detroit: Liberty Bell Publishers, 1919), 238, quoted in Levin,
Political Hysteria,
19.
[back]

30.
Levin,
Political Hysteria,
87.
[back]

31.
Eugene V. Debs, quoted in Zinn,
People's History,
368.
[back]

32.
Faderman,
To
Believe,
162.
[back]

33.
Sarah Deutsch,
Women and the City: Gender, Space, and Power in Boston, 1870–1940
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 208–22.
[back]

34.
Eleanor Roosevelt, quoted in Roger Streitmatter,
Empty Without You: The Intimate Letters of Eleanor Roosevelt and Lorena Hickok
(New York: Free Press, 1998), 78.
[back]

Chapter Eight: Sex in the Trenches

1.
Margot Canaday,
The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), 98.
[back]

2.
Sherna B. Gluck,
Rosie the Riveter Revisited: Women, the War and Social Change
(New York: Plume, 1988), 23.
[back]

3.
Ellen Rothman,
Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship in America
(New York: Basic Books, 1984), 287.
[back]

4.
Nancy Cott,
Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 187.
[back]

5.
C. Tyler Carpenter and Edward H. Yeatts,
Stars Without Garters! The Memories of Two Gay GIs in WWII
(San Francisco: Alamo Square Press, 1996), 40.
[back]

6.
Bérubé,
Coming Out
, 12.
[back]

7.
Ibid., 40.
[back]

8.
Pat Bond, quoted in Nancy Adair and Casey Adair,
Word Is Out
(New York: Delta, 1978), 57.
[back]

9.
Ibid., 58.
[back]

10.
Carpenter and Yeatts,
Stars,
9.
[back]

11.
Faderman,
Odd Girls,
120.
[back]

12.
Bérubé,
Coming Out,
3.
[back]

13.
Maxwell Gordon, quoted in Bérubé,
Coming Out,
64.
[back]

14.
John Loughery,
The Other Side of Silence: Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History
(New York: Henry Holt, 1998), 142.
[back]

15.
History Project,
Improper,
132.
[back]

16.
Bérubé,
Coming Out,
91.
[back]

17.
Bruce H. Joffe,
A Hint of Homosexuality? Gay and Homoerotic Imagery in American Print Advertising
(Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2007), 95–96.
[back]

18.
John Ibson, “Masculinity under Fire:
Life
's Presentation of Camaraderie and Homoeroticism Before, During, and After the Second World War,” in
Looking at LIFE Magazine,
ed. Erika Doss (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), 187.
[back]

19.
“Harlem's Strangest Night Club,”
Ebony
, December 1953, 80–85, quoted in Bérubé,
Coming Out,
116.
[back]

20.
Philip Wylie,
Generation of Vipers
(New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1955), 65.
[back]

21.
National Research Council,
Psychology for the Fighting Man
(Washington, DC: Infantry Journal, 1943), 34.
[back]