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Authors: Noël Browne

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Because of my unique life experience in Ireland and England in both working and middle class milieux, there is one inescapable conclusion. With few exceptions it is as difficult for a member of
the working class in the Republic to leave that class, with all its limitations and penalties, as for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle. The question needs to be posed as to how in a
society where the working classes constitute the vast majority of an electorate they continue to elect politicians who maintain an educational system which so blatantly discriminates against them
and their children? Such discrimination persists in the health services, in employment, in housing, in recreation, against women and in living conditions among the aged. Because of this obvious
anomaly, the thoughtful have long since shed the fiction that through our system of parliamentary democracy do we have an effective instrument of popular will. As in the Aesop fable of the Fox and
the Crow, the middle class continues to hold power and to use it so that it is retained.

Possibly one of the greatest disappointments has been that the leadership of the Irish trade union movement has made little serious attempt to use its resources and the network of its contacts
among working people to protest against, or to displace this carefully constructed discriminatory feature of the Irish educational system against its members.

Saddest of all are the daily television images of countless millions of starving children, including those of the one million of our own people on the poverty line, while food surpluses
accumulate that few can pay for. In the failure by politicians to resolve this obscene dilemma, could there be a more compelling defence for the role of a properly educated and enlightened
politician as a first step towards justice in modern society?

Gill & Macmillan
Hume Avenue
Park West
Dublin 12
Ireland
with associated companies throughout the world
www.gillmacmillanbooks.ie

© Noël Browne 1986, 2007, 2012
First published 1986
Second edition published 2007
This ebook edition published by Gill & Macmillan 2012

978 07171 4295 8 (print)
978 07171 5549 1 (epub)
978 07171 5550 7 (mobi)

Cover design by Slick Fish Design

(www.slickfish.ie)
Cover illustration: ‘Portrait of Noël Browne’ (detail), Robert Ballagh collection, National Gallery of Ireland

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without permission of the
publishers.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

The website addresses referred to in this book were correct at the time of first publication.

About the Author

Noël Christopher Browne (1915–1997), physician and politician. Born in Waterford; educated at Beaumont College, London, and TCD. Browne, whose comfortable family
background was ravaged by tuberculosis, was informally adopted by a wealthy Dublin family following the death of his parents, and qualified as a doctor in 1940. In 1948 he was elected a TD for the
new Clann na Poblachta and became Minister for Health on his first day in Dáil Éireann. Between then and his forced resignation in 1951, when the medical profession and the Catholic
bishops opposed his plans for a free Mother-and-Child medical service, he achieved a reputation as a forceful and visionary — if individualistic and unpredictable — minister, with a
dedication to public health that was in advance of its time. He remained in active politics, with some breaks, until 1982, in five different parties (Clann na Poblachta, Fianna Fáil,
National Progressive Democrats, Labour Party, and the Socialist Labour Party) and as an independent, but never again held office. Despite frequent changes of position — sometimes
anti-communist, sometimes pro-Soviet — he became a lodestar for many on the left for whom the Labour Party (to which he belonged from 1963 to 1977) was an often unsatisfactory champion.

About Gill & Macmillan

Gill & Macmillan’s story begins in 1856 when Michael Henry Gill, then printer for Dublin University, purchased the publishing and bookselling business of James
McGlashan, forming McGlashan & Gill. Some years later, in 1875, the company name was changed to M.H. Gill & Son. Gill & Macmillan as we know it today was established in 1968 as a result
of an association with Macmillan of London. There was also a bookshop, popularly known as Gills, located on Dublin’s O’Connell Street for 123 years until it eventually closed in 1979.
Today our bookshop can be found online at
www.gillmacmillanbooks.ie
.

Gill & Macmillan is proud to publish a broad range of non-fiction books of Irish interest, from history to economics, politics to cookery and biography to children’s.
Since 1968, we have published outstanding authors and groundbreaking books such as the
Encyclopaedia of Ireland
, David McWilliams’
The Pope’s Children
, Noël
Browne’s
Against the Tide
, Garret FitzGerald’s
All in a Life
, Augustine Martin’s
Soundings
— not to mention three generations of
Ballymaloe’s Allen family on our cookery list.

We also publish a wide range of educational books and resources for all levels — primary, secondary, college and university — and we provide a distribution service
for the majority of Ireland’s independent publishers.

For more information about us, our titles, or to join our mailing list, please visit
www.gillmacmillanbooks.ie
.

List of Illustrations

1. My father and mother in their marriage portrait: ‘an elegant pair of happy young innocents eager for the years ahead together’.

2. From left: Martha, Eileen, myself, Kitty, Una and Jody with my father who was to die shortly afterwards, a victim of tuberculosis.

3. Beaumont First XV Rugby Team 1933-34. I was a Captain of the school and here am seated on the extreme left.

4. Again seated on the left — now as house physician at Dr Steeven’s Hospital in 1942.

5. As Minister for Health — a formal portrait taken in 1948.

6. With Phyllis, three years later in 1951.

7. The Republic is declared at a formal ceremony outside the GPO in 1949. Lieut General MacNeill salutes. Patrick McGilligan stands to my right, William Norton, John A. Costello
and Daniel Morrissey to my left.

8. The Cabinet proceeds to the declaration ceremony. I never favoured the top hats of my colleagues.

9. The full 1948 Cabinet with President Seán T. O’Kelly. Again I stand on the extreme left beside Seán MacBride.

10. John A. Costello and Seán MacBride being interviewed for
Picture Post
in November 1948 and explaining the repeal of the External Relations Act.

11. ‘In a cabinet room full of dull, earnest and dutiful plodders, Paddy McGilligan was an intriguing and polished anachronism. When he entered that room, always late, with
five or six three-inch-thick briefs under his arm, we all had to curb an inclination to stand to attention; the headmaster had arrived.’

12. October 1962. ‘There was the sudden realisation that a large and angry animal with sharp teeth was furiously tearing at your clothes, your body, your head, your face and
arms. My first reaction was one of incredulity.’

13. With Sean Dunne TD and Jack McQuillan TD at Leinster House in 1961.

14. At home in Connemara 1985.

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