All Hell Let Loose (127 page)

Hodges, Gen. Courtney, 577, 583, 590, 594, 611

Hoepner, Col.Gen. Erich, 143, 161, 165, 176

Holland: attempts to remain neutral, 43; Germans invade and occupy, 53–4, 72; food shortages, 351; police collaborate with German occupiers, 402; maintains colonial rule in East Indies at war’s end, 658

Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, 439

Holocaust, xvii, 139, 182, 502, 506, 512, 514–15, 517–19, 521–2, 674

Home Guard (Britain), 91–2

Homma, Lt.Gen. Masaharu, 232, 234, 236

Hong Kong: Japanese atrocities, 216

Hopkinson, Capt. David, 673

Hopkinson, Diana, 344

Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 15

Hormel, Jay, 186

Hornes, Lance-Corp., 12, 13

Hornor, Lt. Sam, 561

Horsfall, John, 61, 64–5

Horton, Adm. Sir Max Kennedy, 283, 667

Hotblack, Maj.Gen. Frederick, 49

Houffalize, Belgium, 592, 594

Howard, Lt. Michael, 60, 139, 152, 451–2, 666

Howe, Quincy:
England Expects Every American to do His Duty
, 186

Hube, Gen. Hans, 449

Hudson, Brig. Charles, 90–1

Huff, Wolfgang, 180

Hughes, T.L., 659

Hungary: Jews in, 506, 524, 601–2; Russians advance on and occupy, 550, 597–601

Huntzinger, Gen. Charles, 55

Hussein, Mustapha, 651

Hutchinson, Charles, 271

Hynes, Samuel, 565

 

 

Ibbotson, Joan, 347

Ichigo
, Operation, 432

Ichizo, Hayashi, 644

Ieronymos, Archbishop, 122

Ignatov (Russian officer), 396

Iki, Cdr. Haryushi, 651

Imai, Maj.Gen. Takeo, 215

Imphal, 560, 563

Inber, Vera, 313

India: view of Second World War, xix; troops in North Africa, 132, 137; troops defeated in Malaya, 209; racially segregated brothels, 411; anti-British sentiments, 415; supplies for Britain, 416; independence/nationalist movement, 417–19, 421, 562; servicemen, 417–18; repressive British administration, 419–21, 425; riots, 419; numbers under arms, 434; troops’ casualties in Italy, 457; and British operations against Japanese in Burma, 559; total casualties, 670;
see also
Bengal

Indian Army: loyalty and conditions, 419–20, 425; performance, 435

Indian Legion (S.C. Bose’s), 421

Indian National Army, 214, 422, 564

Indochina: French rule in, 407–8, 658; Japanese control, 407

Inoue, Vice-Adm. Shigeyoshi, 237–8, 240

intelligence: Allies served by Ultra, 367–8

Iraq: British intervention in, 124–5

Ireland: neutrality, 188, 398–9; US sympathy for, 190

Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund: on Polish campaign, 22; on French military plans, 39; and Norway campaign, 50; strategy against German advance in France, 61–2; anger with Billotte, 63

Irrawaddy, river, 224, 633

Irwin, Basil, 629

Irwin, Lt.Gen. Noel, 433

Ishii, Lt.Gen. Shiro, 672

Ishpaikin, Yuri, 389

Israel: created, 674

Italy: enters war, 75–6, 104; lacks common strategy with Germany, 100; industrial and military weakness, 104; workers in Germany, 104; German contempt for, 105; in North African campaigns, 108–10, 134–5, 137–8; unmilitary attitude and performance, 108–11, 457; air force in attacks on Britain, 109; and German domination, 118, 459; occupation of Balkans, 124; naval strength, 270, 295; human torpedo crews attack Alexandria, 294; naval defeat at Taranto, 294; attacks Malta convoys, 296; claims to sink US battleship, 306–7; troops retreat in Russia, 318–20; conditions for civilians, 341; food shortages and hunger, 350–1; troops in Rommel’s army, 370–2; Allied invasion and campaign in, 443–4, 451–7, 463–4, 528–30, 595; troops surrender and fail in Sicily, 445, 447; surrenders and joins Allies, 451, 459, 462; casualties, 453, 456–7, 670; Gustav Line, 455; partisans, 455, 459–60; winter conditions, 455–6; effect of campaign on local people, 458; German reprisals against civilians in, 460–1; women violated by Allied troops, 461; Allied desertions in, 462; British prisoners of war trek south to Allied lines, 462; occupies German troops, 463; aircraft quality, 473; German retreat in, 530; German surrender, 630

Ito, Sgt. Kiyoshi, 645

Ivanov, Pvt. (of Russian 70th Army), 393

Iwo Jima, 635–6

Izraelit (Moscow legal adviser), 152

 

 

Jackson, Jackie, 327

Jaik, Juhan, 145

James, Lt. Harold, 434

Japan: atom bomb used against, xvi, 251, 647–51, 673; bombed by US aircraft, xvi–xvii, 237, 429, 637–40, 646; war and troops in China, xvi, 191–2, 261, 427–9, 432; as threat to British interests, 105; Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy (1940), 112, 187, 192; advances checked in Pacific (1942), 166; attack on USA, 189, 191, 195–6; US freeze on assets (July 1941) and oil embargo, 189, 194, 432; neutrality pact with Russia (1941), 190; defeat in skirmish with Russia (1939), 192; early military victories and territorial gains, 192, 194, 200, 217–18, 231, 236, 306; faith in German victory, 192–3, 195; strategic aims, 193–4, 237, 268; troops in French Indochina, 193–5; occasional hesitancy in battle, 196–7, 240, 669; attitudes to war, 202; attack on Malaya, 203–11; atrocities and ruthlessness, 206, 209, 213–14, 216, 221, 230, 234, 430–2, 438, 500, 561, 574; skill in jungle warfare, 208, 221; soldiers use bicycles, 208–9; code of
bushido
, 210; and British surrender of Singapore, 213–14; racism in conquered territories, 216; treatment of prisoners of war, 216–17, 235; occupies Burma, 218–19, 223–5, 434; fighting qualities, 221, 260, 433, 438, 669; attack on Philippines, 231–5; popular US ignorance of, 231; occupies and develops Rabaul, 236; weak intelligence, 243–4; difficulty in replacing losses, 253; diverts troops to China, 260; casualties at Guadalcanal, 263; faces defeat, 268; total casualties, 324–5, 669; food supplies, 349; women’s role in, 352; secret codes broken by US, 368–9; Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 407; rule in Indochina, 407; Malayan support for, 415; sympathisers in conquered Asian countries, 415–16; treatment of conquered people, 416; and Indian National Army, 421–2; biological warfare, 428–9, 672; use of ‘comfort women’, 429–31; Allied commitment to campaign against, 432–3; declares Burma independent, 435; defensive tenacity in Pacific, 437, 468–70, 636; refuses to concede defeat, 440, 636, 648; aircraft quality, 473; air force effectiveness, 474; blockaded and shipping losses, 558, 569; land war against British, 559; attacks in Arakan, 560; defeated in Battle of Kohima, 561–3; fanatical fighting on Pacific islands, 564–70; defeat in battle for Marianas, 565–7; Slim defeats in Burma, 633–5; casualties in 1945 Burma campaign, 635; kamikaze attacks on US Navy and aircraft, 636–7, 639, 641–3; coastal waters mined, 638; proposed US attack on mainland, 640, 645–6; unconditional surrender, 652; under MacArthur’s rule, 656; prisoners’ deaths in Soviet custody, 657; reaction to surrender, 657; strategic mistakes, 662; war criminals executed, 671; post-war attitudes, 672

Japanese (Nisei): US detention of citizens, 400

Japanese navy: actions, 237; quality of, and seamen, 243; codes, 244; decline in performance, 436; losses, 569–74

VESSELS:
Abukuma
(cruiser), 572;
Akagi
(carrier), 250;
Chikuma
(cruiser), 573;
Chokai
(cruiser), 255–6, 573;
Fuso
(battleship), 572;
Hiryu
(carrier), 252;
Hiyu
(carrier), 567;
Kaga
(carrier), 250;
Kako
(heavy cruiser), 256;
Kirishima
(battleship), 262;
Mogami
(heavy cruiser), 572;
Musashi
(battleship), 572;
Shoho
(carrier), 237–8;
Shokaku
(carrier), 238, 240, 243, 566;
Soryu
(carrier), 250;
Suzuya
(cruiser), 573;
Taiho
(carrier), 566;
Tone
(heavy cruiser), 247;
Yamashiro
(battleship), 572;
Zuikaku
(carrier), 240, 243

Java
(Dutch cruiser), 217

Jenkins, Roy (
later
Baron), xix

Jeschonnek, Hans, 140, 483

Jews: genocide, xvi, 510, 517, 674; sufferings, xvii, 501–3; persecuted in Poland, 14, 23, 508; courage in French army, 68; persecuted in France, 81, 126; killed in Lithuania, 148; and Nazi final solution, 153, 506–12, 514, 517–21; slaughtered in Russia, 153–4; denied sanctuary in Switzerland, 399; US suspicion of, 401; deported from France and Holland, 402–3; in Hungary, 506, 524, 601–2; confined to ghettos, 509; deported from Germany to east, 512–13; and extermination camps, 512–13; suicides, 513; fate little known in West, 517–18; ‘ordinary men’ as killers of, 521–2; protected by individual Germans, 523–4; total fatalities, 670; and Zionism, 673–4;
see also
anti-Semitism; Holocaust

Jodl, Gen. Alfred, 164, 630

Joest, Eleonore, 359

Joffe, Constantin, 68

Johnson, Gen. Hugh, 187

Johnson, Lyndon B., 187

Johnston, George, 266

Johnston, Richard, 654

Johnstone, Sandy, 88, 101

Joint Intelligence Committee (British), 444

Jones, Corp. James, 259, 333

Josefów, Poland: Jews massacred, 521

JU88 (German light bomber), 40

Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 456–7, 529

Juricka, Cdr. Stephen, USN, 637

 

 

Kabouky, Val, 202

Kageler, Georg, 521

Kahn, E.J., 330

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, Dahlem, 612

Kalinichenko, Evdokiya, 299–300, 356–7

Kalitov, Pavel, 303, 307–8, 311, 338

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 615

Kamenev, Lev, 162

Kameneva, Olga, 162

kamikaze tactics, 474, 636–7, 639, 641–3

Kampen, Elizabeth van, 499

Kappler, Lt.Col. Herbert, 460

Karski, Lt. Jan, 1, 516–17

Kasserine Pass, Battle of (1943), 378

Kathigasu, Sybil, 416

Katyn forest massacre (1940), 21–2

Katyusha
rockets (Russian), 178

Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 105

Kellas, Lt. Arthur, 30

Kelly, Lt. Robert, 235

Kemp, Peter, 406

Kennard, Sir Howard, 11

Kennedy, David, 189–90

Kennedy, Gen. Sir John, 215

Kennedy, Joseph, 30, 183

Kenney, George, 267–8

Kerr, Lt. Michael, 129, 541

Kershaw, Brigade-Maj. Anthony, 532, 539

Kershaw, Ian, 100

Kesselring, Field Marshal Albert: opposes assault on Britain, 81; commands in Italy, 444, 451–5, 457, 529; and Patton’s strategy in Sicily, 447; evacuates Sicily, 450; rule in Italy, 460; retreats before Alexander’s attacks, 529–30; succeeds Rundstedt, 610; qualities, 668

Key, Maj. Gen. Billy, 215

Khan, Shahnawaz, 214

Kharkov, 301, 304, 320, 322, 383, 392

Khoroshavin, Capt. Vasily, 171

Khrushchev, Nikita, 75

Kiernan, Alvin, 231, 241

Kiev, 395, 526

Kimmel, Adm. Husband, 196

Kimura, Lt.Gen. Hyotaro, 633–4

King, Cecil (ship’s clerk), 242, 658

King, Maj.Gen. Edward, 234

King, Adm. Ernest, USN, 254

King’s African Rifles (regiment), 410–11

Kinkaid, Adm. Thomas, 571–3

Kirby, Kay, 656

Kissinger, Henry, 402

Klaunzer family (Austria), 342

Klaw, Spencer, 186

Kleist, Field Marshal Ewald von, 526

Klemperer, Victor, 365, 448, 496, 535

Klopper, Maj.Gen. Hendrik, 137

Kluge, Field Marshal Günther von, 554, 557

Knirsch, Rita, 524

Knoke, Heinz, 101, 140, 145, 317

Koestler, Arthur, 36

Kohima, Battle of (1944), 324, 560–3

Kola Inlet, Russia, 292

Kollontai, Aleksandra, 51

Konada, Toshiharu, 657

Konev, Marshal Ivan, 525, 608, 615, 618, 623–5, 668

Konoe, Prince of Japan, 195

Kononov, Sgt. Victor, 153

Konovalov, Ivan, 146

Kops, Bernard, 94

Korea: casualties, 670

Kornicki, Franciszek, 5, 7, 27

Kossman, August, 524

Kotlowitz, Robert, 587–1

Kovalenko, Capt. Pavel, 328, 355, 360, 384, 386, 394, 442

Kowitz, Elfride, 616

Kozlov, Capt., 158

Krakauer, Max, 524

Kriegsmarine: weakness, 41, 100; naval building, 273; failure in Battle of Atlantic, 284

VESSELS:
Altmark
(supply ship), 41;
Bismarck
(battleship), 270, 285;
Blücher
(cruiser), 44;
Gneisenau
(battlecruiser), 270;
Graf Spee
(pocket-battleship), 38, 41, 271;
Hipper
(heavy cruiser), 287;
Scharnhorst
(battlecruiser), 52, 270, 293;
Schleswig-Holstein
(battleship), 4;
Tirpitz
(battleship), 270, 285, 287–8, 291;
Widder
(auxiliary cruiser), 276–7

Kronika, Jacob, 620

Krosigk, Lutz von
see
Schwerin von Krosigk, Johann Ludwig, Graf von

Kruczkiewicz, Adam, 6, 20

Krysk, Capt., 19

Kundera, Rudolf, 404

Kurita, Adm. Takeo, 571–3

Kursk, 320–1; Battle of, 387–92, 668; Germans withdraw from, 393

Kurylak, Stefan, 14–15, 145, 342

Kutuzov
, Operation, 390

Kuusinen, Otto, 45

Kuznetsov, Stepan, 171

 

 

Laake, Gen. Kristian, 43–4, 46

Lachman, Feliks, 20, 497

Ladies’ Home Journal
: series on ‘How America Lives’, 197

Ladoga, Lake: ice highway to Leningrad, 173