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“scene of great bustle and excitement”

: Eudocia Baldwin Marsh, “Mormons in Hancock County: A Reminiscence,” ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis,

Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society

64 (1) (Spring 1971).

147

Ford addressed the restive militias

: Ford,

A History of Illinois,

p. 332.

147

letter to President John Tyler

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

p. 508.

148

“Your conduct in the destruction”

: Ibid., p. 533ff.

148

Smith answered immediately

: Ibid., p. 538ff.

149

“He gave us a full description”

: Brian Cannon, “John C. Calhoun, Jr., Meets the Prophet Joseph Smith Shortly Before the Departure for Carthage,”

BYU Studies

33 (4) (1993).

149

Repairing to his upstairs study

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church

, vol. 6, p. 545ff; Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,

Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith

(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), p. 185.

9. S
URRENDER

151

“I do not know where”

: Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,

Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith

(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), p. 186.

152

“Some were tried”

: Ronald K. Esplin, “Life in Nauvoo, June 1844: Vilate Kimball’s Martyrdom Letters,”

BYU Studies

19 (2) (1979).

152

“Mind your own business”

: Newell and Avery,

Mormon Enigma,

p. 187.

152

“I believed the governor to be”

: Wandle Mace, “Autobiography (1809–1846),” typescript, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah, p. 49; Dan Jones, “The Martyrdom of Joseph Smith and His Brother Hyrum,”

BYU Studies

24 (Winter 1984).

153

“You always said”

: B. H. Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,

2nd ed., rev., vol. 6 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 545ff; Newell and Avery,

Mormon Enigma,

p. 187ff.

154

“It is of no use to hurry”

: Fawn Brodie,

No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith the Mormon Prophet

(New York: Vintage Books, 1995), p. 386; Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 551.

154

“If anything should happen”

: Newell and Avery,

Mormon Enigma,

p. 189.

154

“I go as a lamb”

: Ibid., p. 190.

155

“This is the loveliest place”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 554.

156

“I saw a large, well dressed”

: B. W. Richmond, “The Prophet’s Death,”

Deseret News

, November 27, 1875.

157

“write out the best blessing”

: Newell and Avery,

Mormon Enigma,

p. 191.

157

“Hodge, there are the boys”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 558.

157

“Where is the damned prophet?”

: Ibid., pp. 559–560.

158

“No one could close his ears”

: George Turnbull Moore Davis,

The Autobiography of the late Col. Geo. T.M. Davis

(New York: Jenkins and McCowan, 1891).

160

“The Greys commenced”

: John Hallwas and Roger Launius,

Cultures in Conflict: A Documentary History of the Mormon War in Illinois

(Logan: Utah State University Press, 1995), p. 224.

160

“a hundred men loaded to shoot”

: Susan Easton Black, “Esquire James Weston Woods: Legal Counsel to Joseph Smith,”

Mormon Historical Studies

(Fall 2003).

160

“No!” they cried

: Warsaw

Signal

, June 29, 1844.

161

“It was evident”

: John S. Fullmer,

Assassination of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the Prophet and Patriarch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

(Liverpool, England: F. D. Richards, 1855).

161

“such bare-faced, illegal”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 570.

162

“General Smith asked them”

: B. H. Roberts,

The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo

(Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1900), p. 302.

162

Richmond “told him plainly”

Deseret News,

November 27, 1875.

163

“I have had an interview”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 565.

164

“Bless this little man!”

: Jones, “Martyrdom,” p. 88.

164

“make us as comfortable”

: Kenneth W. Godfrey, “Correspondence Between William R. Hamilton and Samuel H. B. Smith Regarding the Martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith,”

Nauvoo Journal

(Fall 1999).

164

saved a foundering ship

: Jones, “Martyrdom,” p. 100.

165

several Greys left their posts

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 592.

165

“great bulwark”

: Ibid., p. 579ff.

166

“It’s all nonsense!”

: Robert Bruce Flanders,

Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi

(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1965), p. 323.

166

Joseph “walked boldly”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 595.

166

“Now Old Joe”

: Jones, “Martyrdom,” p. 101.

166

“committed to jail”

: Colonel J. W. Woods, “The Mormon Prophet,”

Ottawa Democrat

(Ohio), May 13, 1885.

167

“like to see my family again”

: Ibid.

10. “T
HE
P
EOPLE
A
RE
N
OT
T
HAT
C
RUEL
”

169

“grown up with weeds and brambles”

: B. H. Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,

2nd ed., rev., vol. 6 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 610.

170

“We have had too much trouble”

: Dan Jones, “The Martyrdom of Joseph Smith and His Brother Hyrum,”

BYU Studies

24 (Winter 1984).

171

“women, inoffensive young persons”

: Thomas Ford,

Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois in Relation to the Disturbances in Hancock County

(Springfield, IL: Walters and Weber, December 21, 1844), p. 12.

171

“foul fiend Flibbertigibbet”

: John Hay, “The Prophet’s Tragedy,”

Atlantic Monthly

(December 1869).

172

“they were the elite”

: Ford,

Message of the Governor,

pp. 13–14.

172

“prisoners’ lives are in grave danger”

: B. H. Roberts,

The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo

(Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1900), p. 309.

172

“traitors, and midnight assassins”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 607.

173

“were determined to kill Joe”

: Jones, “Martyrdom,” p. 91.

173

You may need that gun

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 608.

173

“Governor continues his courtesies”

: Ibid., p. 605ff.

175

“went out in high glee”

: Hay, “Prophet’s Tragedy.”

175

father-son team . . . continued terrorizing

: Dallin Oaks and Marvin Hill,

Carthage Conspiracy

(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979), p. 59.

176

“threw out considerable threats”

: Dean Jessee, “Return to Carthage: Writing the History of Joseph Smith’s Martyrdom,”

Journal of Mormon History

9 (1981).

177

“After supper”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 615ff.

178

Fourteen-year-old William

: Hamilton’s account was published in Foster Walker’s “The Mormons in Hancock County,”

Dallas City Review

, January 29, 1903.

179

“Come on, you cowards”

: Eudocia Baldwin Marsh, “Mormons in Hancock County: A Reminiscence,” ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis,

Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society

64 (1) (Spring 1971).

179

While the Greys fussed

: Roberts,

The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo,

p. 455.

181

“cutting away a piece of flesh”

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church

, vol. 6, p. 620.

182

“You are the damned old Chieftain”

: LaJean Purcell Carruth, transcriber, “John Taylor’s June 27, 1854, Account of the Martyrdom,”

BYU Studies

50 (3) (2011), note 6.

182

“Stop, Doctor”

: Hamilton letter to Foster Walker, December 24, 1902, in John Hallwas and Roger Launius,

Cultures in Conflict: A Documentary History of the Mormon War in Illinois

(Logan: Utah State University Press, 1995), p. 228.

183

faked confrontation with the guards

: Willard Richards and John Taylor left detailed accounts of the attack on the jailhouse. Eudocia Baldwin’s memoir appeared in Wilson and Davis, eds., “Mormons in Hancock County.” Greys lieutenant Samuel O. Williams, John Fullmer, and Cyrus Wheelock, and Joseph Smith’s lawyer J. W. Woods (Col. J. W. Woods, “The Mormon Prophet,”

Ottawa Democrat

[Ohio], May 13, 1885) also left useful accounts of the Carthage events, as did John Hay.

184

in a tut-tutting mood

: Roberts, ed.,

History of the Church,

vol. 6, p. 623.

184

painstakingly carved

: David E. Miller and Della S. Miller,

Nauvoo: The City of Joseph

(Santa Barbara and Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1974), p. 116.

185

Ford’s account differs

: Thomas Ford,

A History of Illinois, from Its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847

(Chicago: S. C. Griggs, 1845), p. 336.

185

patrolled the prairies

: Thomas Barnes trial testimony,

Illinois v. Williams: Trial of the Persons Indicted in the Hancock County Circuit Court for the Murder of Joseph Smith at the Carthage Jail, on the 27th of June, 1844

(Warsaw, IL, 1845).

186

Taylor lay in agony

: Roberts,

The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo,

p. 446ff.

186

“nerves like the devil”

: Stanley B. Kimball, “Thomas L. Barnes—Coroner of Carthage,”

BYU Studies

11 (2) (Winter 1971).

187