American Experiment (150 page)

Williams, William Appleman,
236

Wilmot, David,
464-5

Wilmot Proviso,
464
,
469
,
557

Wilson, James,
35
,
37-9
,
42
,
48-9

Wiltse, Charles,
571

Winthrop, Robert C,
471
,
545-6

Wirt, William,
260
,
334

Wisconsin,
315
,
452
,
526
,
528
,
531
,
576

Wise, Henry A„
424
,
590

Wisner, George,
512

Wolcott, Oliver,
121
,
146
,
287

Woman in the Nineteenth Century
,
483

women,
142
,
146
,
149
,
150
,
483
,
507-8
,
517
,
534
; education of,
76
,
111
,
115
,
400
,
401
,
476
,
569
; on farms,
394-5
; inequality of,
58-9
,
81
,
110
,
143
,
257
,
263
,
264
,
356
,
360
,
362
,
365
,
383
,
394-403
,
410-11
,
434
,
467
,
519
,
535
,
572
,
597
; in labor force,
75
,
89
,
114
,
281
,
288
,
293
,
294-5
,
351
,
358
,
395-400
,
401
,
406
,
414
,
434
,
489
,
535
; leaders,
398-403
,
412-13
,
415
; marriage and families of,
394-5
,
400-3
,
411-13
,
568-9
; political action by,
399-400
; radical movements for,
360
,
361
; rising consciousness of,
396-403
; and suffrage,
148
,
400
,
401-2

Wood, Gordon,
26
,
225

Wood, Jethro,
286

Woodbury, Levi,
327
,
332

Woolman, John,
527

Worcester, Mass.,
73
,
401
,
432
,
549
,
550

Wordsworth, William,
478
,
481

working class,
82
,
114-15
,
356
,
360
,
361-2
,
363
,
381
,
403
,
434-5
;
436
,
503
,
510
;
see also
labor

Working Men’s Party,
358
,
503

Wright, Benjamin,
303

Wright, Frances,
360
,
366-7
,
404
,
412
,
444-5
,
517

Wright, Silas,
344
,
371

Wyeth, Nathan Jarvis,
429

Wyler, Pvt. Edwin,
609

Wythe, George,
255

XYZ Correspondence,
123

Yale College,
32
,
72
,
74
,
161
,
167
,
257
,
431
,
492
,
497
,
506
,
567

Yancey, William Lowndes,
572
,
601-2

Yarbrough, Jean,
63

Yates, Robert,
44

Yazoo land fraud,
259-60

Young, Brigham,
499-500
,

Young, Thomas,
117

Young America,
536-9

Yusuf, Pasha,
196

Zenger, Peter,
24

Zinn, Howard,
5

T
HE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATIONS HAVE
been reproduced with the kind permission of the institutions indicated:

[FRONT ENDPAPER]
Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society:
“Spooler and Stand,” advertisement for E. C. Cleaveland & Co.
Courtesy of the New-York Historical Society: The New-York Packet,
April 7, 1789;
The New-York Packet,
Federalist #51, February 8, 1788; View of boats navigating the Mohawk; View from Rushonga Tavern, 5 miles from Yorktown on the Baltimore Road.
Courtesy of the New York Public Library:
American Log-House, 1826 (Rare Books & Manuscripts Division); Federal Hall, 1790 (Phelps-Stokes Collection of American Historical Prints); “Join, or Die,”
Pennsylvania Gazette,
May 9, 1754 (Rare Books & Manuscripts Division); “Mad Tom in a Rage” (Prints Division); Map of the United States in 1783 (Map Division); Map of Kentucky in 1784 (Map Division); Second Street North from Market Street, Philadelphia (Phelps-Stokes Collection); Se-Quo-Yah (Rare Books and Manuscripts Division).

[BACK ENDPAPER]
Courtesy of John Deere & Co.:
Advertisement for Centre-Draft Plow.
Courtesy of the New-York Historical Society:
Advertisement for
Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Charleston Mercury Extra:
“Union Dissolved”; Clipper Ship
Flying Cloud;
Group of Workmen on the Union Pacific Railroad; “Ho! for the Gold Mines!”; Principal Street of San Francisco.
Courtesy of the New York Public Library:
“Am I not a man and a brother?” (Prints Division); Clinton Line Barge (Prints Division); Kansas City, 1853 (Phelps-Stokes Collection); The Modern Balaam and His Ass, 1837 (Prints Division).
Courtesy of the Worcester Art Museum:
“Conquering Prejudice, Fulfilling a Constitutional Duty with Alacrity.”

The endpapers were designed and executed by Deborah Burns and Sara Reynolds.

[PART TITLE ILLUSTRATIONS]
Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society:
“Spooler and Stand,” advertisement for E. C. Cleaveland & Co.
Courtesy of the Bettmann Archive, Inc.:
“Am I not a woman and a sister?,” Garrison’s
Liberator,
1849; The Modern Balaam and His Ass, 1837,
Courtesy of John Deere & Co.:
Advertisement for Centre-Draft Plow.
Courtesy of the New York Public Library:
Federal Hall, 1790 (Phelps-Stokes Collection).

The map of the United States in 1783 that follows page 10 is reproduced with the kind permission of the New York Public Library. The map of the United States in 1857 by J. H. Young, Philadelphia, that follows page 416 is reproduced with the kind permission of the Newberry Library, Chicago.

For Kurt Tauber and my other Williams College colleagues who teach in the tradition of Mark Hopkins and Robert L. Gaudino

PART I • The Crisis of Democracy

CHAPTER 1
The War of Liberation

MANNING THE FRONT

FORGING THE SWORD

THE SOCIETY OF THE BATTLEFIELD

“LET US DIE TO MAKE MEN FREE”

CHAPTER 2
The Reconstruction of Slavery

BOUND FOR FREEDOM

A REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENT

“I’SE FREE. AIN’T WUF NUFFIN”

PART II • The Business of Democracy

CHAPTER 3
The Forces of Production

INNOVATORS: THE INGENIOUS YANKEES

INVESTORS: EASTERN DOLLARS AND WESTERN RISKS

ENTREPRENEURS: THE CALIFORNIANS

INDUSTRIALISTS: CARNEGIE, ROCKEFELLER, AND THE TWO CAPITALISMS

PHILADELPHIA 1876: THE PROUD EXHIBITORS

CHAPTER 4
The Structure of Classes

UPPER CLASSES: THE NEW RICH AND THE OLD

THE MIDDLE CLASSES: A WOMAN’S WORK

THE FARMER’S LOT

WORKING CLASSES: THE CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE

SOCIAL CLASS AND SOCIAL OUTCAST

CHAPTER 5
The Power of Ideas

DINNER AT DELMONICO’S

THE BITCH-GODDESS SUCCESS

“TOILING MILLIONS NOW ARE WAKING”

THE ALLIANCE: A DEMOCRACY OF LEADERS

CHAPTER 6
The Brokers of Politics

THE OHIOANS: LEADERS AS BROKERS

POLITICS: THE DANCE OF THE ROPEWALKERS

THE POVERTY OF POLICY

SHOWDOWN 1896

TRIUMPHANT REPUBLICANISM

PART III • Progressive Democracy?

CHAPTER 7
The Urban Progressives

THE SHAPE OF THE CITY

THE LIFE OF THE CITY

THE LEADERS OF THE CITY

THE REFORMATION OF THE CITIES

WOMEN: THE PROGRESSIVE CADRE

CHAPTER 8
The Modernizing Mind

T
HE PULSE OF THE MACHINE

THE CRITICS: IDEAS VS. INTERESTS?

ART: “ALL THAT IS HOLY IS PROFANED”

W
RITING: “VENERABLE IDEAS ARE SWEPT AWAY”

“ALL THAT IS SOLID MELTS INTO AIR”

CHAPTER 9
The Reformation of Economic Power

T
HE PERSONAL USES OF POWER

F
OREIGN POLICY WITH THE TR BRAND

R
EFORM: LEADERSHIP AND POWER

CHAPTER 10
The Cauldron of Leadership

TAFT, TR, AND THE TWO REPUBLICAN PARTIES

WILSON AND THE THREE DEMOCRATIC PARTIES

ARMAGEDDON

PART IV • Democracy on Trial

CHAPTER 11
The New Freedom

THE ENGINE OF DEMOCRACY

THE ANATOMY OF PROTEST

MARKETS, MORALITY, AND THE “STAR OF EMPIRE”

CHAPTER 12
Over There

WILSON AND THE ROAD TO WAR

MOBILIZING THE WORKSHOP

“NOUS VOILÀ, LAFAYETTE!”

OVER HERE: LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER 13
The Fight for the League

THE MIRRORED HALLS OF VERSAILLES

THE BATTLE FOR THE TREATY

1920: THE GREAT AND SOLEMN REJECTION

PART V • The Culture of Democracy

CHAPTER 14
The Age of Mellon

“THE BUSINESS OF AMERICA …”

BANKERS AND BATTLESHIPS

THE VOICES OF PROTEST

CHAPTER 15
The Commercialized Culture

THE WORKSHOP OF EDUCATION

THE PRESS AS ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINMENT AS SPECTATORSHIP

THE WORKSHOP AND THE DEMOS

CHAPTER 16
The Vacant Workshop

LIFE IN THE DEPRESSION

THE CRISIS OF IDEAS

“ONCE I BUILT A RAILROAD, MADE IT RUN”

NOTES

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Here, then, was the explanation of her restlessness, discontent, ambition,—call it what you will. It was the feeling of a passenger on an ocean steamer whose mind will not give him rest until he has been in the engine-room and talked with the engineer. She wanted to see with her own eyes the action of primary forces; to touch with her own hand the massive machinery of society; to measure with her own mind the capacity of the motive power. She was bent upon getting to the heart of the great American mystery of democracy and government. She cared little where her pursuit might lead her. ...