American Passage (68 page)

298–99
Pinchot, Gifford, 163
Pinza, Doris, 356
Pinza, Ezio, 355–56
pirates, 14, 19–21, 22–23
Pittman, Louis K., 3, 5, 178
Platt, Thomas C., 115–16, 132, 140 Plunkitt, George Washington, 149, 164,

190
Plymouth Rock, 396, 397, 405
Pocziwa family, 236–37
Poland, 122, 162, 200, 230, 255, 307,

341
Polk, James K., 32
Poluleck, Joseph, 320–21, 325
Porter, John Addison, 115
Post, Louis, 302, 322–23, 326
Potash, Irving, 360
Powderly, Joseph, 68, 69, 146

Powderly, Terence V., 68, 90, 107,
110–15, 119, 120, 123, 131, 133,
134, 143, 169, 188, 200, 279
death of, 346
depression of, 145–46
dismissal of, 135, 136–37, 145, 146 European fact-finding mission of, 187 McSweeney vs., 115, 117–19, 121,
122, 193, 338, 345
President Grant,
294
Presniak, Jelka, 274
Progressive Bulletin,
230
Progressive reform, 10, 13, 102, 153,
230, 246, 297, 305–6, 385
Proposition 187, 411
prostitutes, prostitution, 33, 42, 45, 102,
117, 128, 168, 182, 221, 265, 274,
277–78, 298–99, 303, 304
male, 278–79
white slavery, 277–85, 301, 310 Protestants, 99, 109, 136, 338
public charges, 1, 2, 4, 7–8, 35, 43, 62,
64, 80, 151, 169, 195, 196, 203, 205,
207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216,
221, 237, 268
Public Health Service, U.S., 10, 89, 187,
206, 242, 248, 252, 253, 258
Puerto Rico, 272, 273
Pulitzer, Joseph, 45–46, 50
Puzo, Mario, 390

Raceta, Peter, 289
railroads, 13, 39, 77, 102, 305 Ranc, Eva, 274–77, 284
Rand, Erica, 404
Randolph, A. Philip, 385
Reagan, Ronald, 391, 392, 393, 404 Recht, Charles, 312, 314
Red Cross, 357, 363
Red Dawn,
315
Red Scare, 326–27, 329, 331, 336 Red Special, 311–13, 314, 315, 317 Reed, Alfred C., 238
Rehnquist, William, 373
Republican Party, U.S., 44, 113, 115,

Restore Ellis Island Committee, 398 Revere, Paul, 400
Reynolds, James Bronson, 185, 283 Rhode Island, 73
Riis, Jacob, 129, 132, 134, 157, 158, 179,

396
Rikers Island, 24
Riordan, John, 45
Robinson, Allan, 164
Robinson, Dana E., 336, 337
Robinson, Edward G., 382
Robinson, Paula, 336, 337
Rockefeller, John D., 283, 315
Rockne, Knute, 382
Rodgers, John, 116, 117, 118, 135, 140 Roediger, David, 404–5
Romania, 371
Rome, 39–40, 41
Rondez, Jeanne, 284
Roosevelt, Alice, 132
Roosevelt, Edith, 157
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 241, 259, 292,

350, 365, 366
Roosevelt, Kermit, 157
Roosevelt, Theodore, 32, 46, 52, 128–

36, 144, 149, 177, 183, 184, 185,
215, 216, 218, 230, 268, 309, 310 on anarchists, 128, 151, 168
Annual Messages to Congress by, 151,
175, 190, 196
immigration restrictions desired by,
128–29, 131, 132–33, 151–52, 159–
60, 165, 167–68, 174–75, 189–90,
196
McSweeney dismissed by, 134–35,
136, 142
Powderly dismissed by, 135, 145 Powderly sent to Europe by, 187 presidential visit to Ellis Island by,
156–58
strenuous life pushed by, 99–100, 128 on Taft, 191–92
Von Briesen Commission set up by,
158, 161
Roosevelt Island, 19, 24
Root, Elihu, 270
Roots,
393
Rosceta, Milka, 266–67
Rosen family, 268–69
Ross, Edward A., 101, 212, 245–46, 250,
251, 347
Ross, Ishbel, 340
Rosten, Leo, 397
Roth, Gary G., 405
Roth, Philip, 390
Rudniew, Alexander, 197
Ruggio, Joseph, 203
Russia, Russians, 52, 59, 64–67, 68, 71–76, 80, 83, 86, 92, 96, 103, 154, 161, 172, 176, 181, 195, 197, 198–203, 210, 220, 222, 236, 249, 268–69, 315, 344
quota on, 341–42
see also
Soviet Union
Ruthenians, 153
Rynders, Isaiah, 32–33, 34, 37, 38, 42

Safford, Victor, 107, 109, 116, 187, 190, 200
St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
366–67
Salmon, Thomas, 241–42, 253
Sammartino, Peter, 398
Samson, Samuel, 140
Sanders, Leon, 213
Sargent, Frank, 127, 135, 139, 145, 164, 172–73, 186–87, 189, 205
Saroyan, William, 398
Saturday Evening Post,
331, 336
Save Ellis Island, 407
Savory, J. C., 46
Scalia, Antonin, 415
Schanberg, Sydney, 398
Schiff, Jacob, 171, 214
Schofield, Lemuel, 351
Schuck, Peter, 419
Schulteis, Herman J., 68–69
Schweppendick, Gustave, 223
Scopes trial, 263
Secret Service, 142, 146–47
Segla, Anna, 3, 5
Seinfeld, Rosa, 279
Senate, U.S., 101, 105
Immigration Committee of, 77
Senner, Joseph, 91, 104, 105, 108, 109
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of, 415
sexual immorality, 10, 11, 52, 246, 260–86, 301–2, 303, 374
Shaughnessy, Edward, 367
Shaughnessy v. Mezei,
350, 373, 415
Sheffield, James, 138–39
Sherman, Augustus, 181, 209, 269
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890), 53
Shin Ki Kang, 400
Sica, Michele, 208–9
Sims, Edwin, 278
Skuratowski, Hersch, 195, 196, 198–99, 200, 203
Slater, Christian, 408
slavery, 21, 277, 329, 384, 406
Slavs, 47, 153, 246, 341
Slayden, James, 301–2
Smith, Al, 58
Smith, Herbert Knox, 192
Social Security, 123
Society for the Protection of Italian Immigrants, 164
Society of Mayflower Descendants, 396
Sopranos
(TV show), 401, 408
Soviet Union, 368, 370
Spain, 45
Spanish-American War, 136, 325
Spingarn, Steve, 367
Spinola, Francis, 48
Spitz, Leonard, 236
Sprague, E. K., 254
Stahl, Ernest, 223
Stallone, Bartolomeo, 209–10
State Department, U.S., 270–71, 272, 276, 357, 372
Staten Island, N.Y., 24, 28
Statue of Liberty, 23, 26, 46, 50, 290, 380, 382, 391, 392, 393, 395, 404, 406
Statue of Liberty–Ellis Island Foundation, 392, 399, 405
steamship companies, 13, 63, 65, 71, 85, 86, 88, 102, 147, 152, 154, 173, 175, 177, 196, 229, 309, 331
fines paid by, 141, 221–22
immigrants’ names recorded by, 402
Steele, John, 144
steerage passengers, 34, 59–60, 298–99, 339
Steffens, Lincoln, 280
Steiner, Edward, 7, 169–70, 176, 216
Stephenson, Edmund, 49
Stevens, Ebenezer, 27
Stewart, Jordan R., 118–19
Stoddard, Lothrop, 331–32
Stone, Frank, 285–86, 303, 304
Stoner, George, 173, 206
“Stranger at Our Gate, The” (cartoon), 5–6
Strangers in the Land
(Higham), 9–10
Straus, Oscar, 171–73, 174, 181, 183–84, 185, 186–87, 188, 192, 221, 223, 268, 306, 318, 319
Strong, Josiah, 39
Stucklen, Regina, 265
Stump, Herman, 82, 83, 105
Stuyvesant, Peter, 25, 26
Styne, Jule, 381
Sulzer, William, 223
Supreme Court, U.S., 42, 61–62, 147, 359, 364–65, 366, 407, 408, 415 on Ellis Island as distinct from U.S., 203–4
on moral turpitude, 279, 286
Survey,
251–52, 314
Sweberg, Arthur, 362
Swift, Judson, 185, 186
Swinburne Island, 83, 86

Taft, William Howard, 130, 192, 193, 215, 220, 227, 228, 247
Ellis Island visited by, 216–18, 236 immigration as confusing to, 217–18,

236–37
Tammany Hall, 73, 138, 149, 280 Taylor, Horace, 114–15, 122
Tedesco, Anthony, 281, 282, 284–85 Testa, Stefano, 239
Thayer, Thomas, 400
Thornton family, 216–17, 218, 236 Tierney, Mike, 58
Tisza, Stephen, 177
Tompkins, Daniel, 27
Tossen, Arthur, 289
Towery, Matt, 411–12
trachoma, 3, 158, 173, 178, 187, 206 Treasury Department, U.S., 42, 43–44,

49, 50, 53, 58, 78, 82, 89, 105, 113,
114, 117, 119, 122, 132, 133, 135,
139, 143
Truman, Harry S., 357, 358, 359, 361,
362, 366–67
Trump, Donald, 406
Turkey, 71, 75
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 39
Turner, George Kibbe, 280
Turner, John, 147–48, 326
Tyler, John, 34–35
Tynberg, Sig, 274–77
Tyni family, 1–2, 3, 5
typhus, 70–76, 77, 79, 81, 82–83, 85, 91,
101, 198, 395

271, 272, 308, 316, 321
undesirables, 6–7, 11, 52, 61, 150, 152, 153, 175, 176, 189, 193–94, 209,

210, 215, 218, 258, 331, 333
United Hebrew Charities, 71, 73, 76, 80,
81, 160, 279
United Kingdom, 92, 270, 338–40, 343 United Mine Workers, 166, 169
United States:
expansion of federal government in, 13, 39, 53–54, 61, 87, 102, 121,
122–23, 128, 142, 229, 278, 411 imperialism of, 102
post–World War I recession in, 331 urbanization in, 13, 39–40, 121, 297 World War I entered by, 293, 302 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 414
University Club, 136, 149
U Thant, 24

The” (Ross), 347
Vandenberg, Arthur, 354
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 36
venereal diseases, 39, 340
Venezuela, 270–73
Versailles, Treaty of, 328
Victor, Orville, 197
Vineland Training School for Feeble

Minded Girls and Boys, 242, 244, 249 von Briesen, Arthur, 158, 159, 228 Von Briesen Commission, 158–61, 228 Voskovec, George, 362–63

Walker, Francis A., 50–51, 52, 77, 96, 97–98, 100, 105, 381, 392, 417 big business criticized by, 102 on birthrates of immigrants, 51, 99

Wallace, Mike, 403–4
Wall Street Journal,
379, 384, 416 Walmsley, Thomas, 22–23
Walter, Francis, 366
Wank, Albert, 116
War Brides Act (1945), 363, 365 Ward, Robert DeC., 98, 102, 104, 164,

185, 191, 247
War Department, U.S., 26–27
Ward’s Island, 24, 35
War of 1812, 28
War Relocation Authority, 352 Warren, Charles, 98, 103–4, 308–9 Washington, Booker T., 385
Washington, George, 31, 128
Watchorn, Robert, 130, 135, 139, 145,

163, 165–67, 169–70, 176–77, 178,
192–93, 206–7, 216, 222, 242, 318 immigration of, 45
lax enforcement policy of, 184–85,
189, 192, 221, 224
money test disavowed by, 196
proselytizing banned by, 186
retirement of, 191–92
Waterston, Sam, 406
Watt, James, 392
Waxman, Nathan, 208
Weber, John B., 49, 58, 60, 62–73, 91,
92, 297
at congressional hearings, 79–81 and
Massilia
incident, 70–73, 76 quarantine bill derided by, 87
Weisberg, Jacob, 394
Weismann, Henry, 227, 334
Wells, H. G., 165–66
Wells, Richard, 410
Westervelt, Catherine, 26
West India Company, 25
Weyl, Walter, 289
white slavery, 277–85, 301, 310
Wilder, Thornton, 362
Wilhelms, Cornelius, 23
Williams, Jonathan, 27–28
Williams, Roger, 73, 136
Williams, William, 1, 159–60, 161–64,
169, 207–8, 210, 212, 217, 223,
235–36, 247, 269, 270, 272, 297–99,
312, 334, 341, 407, 409, 417
annual reports of, 140, 153, 154, 207,
229
bigger budget desired by, 228–29 corruption of Ellis Island concessions fought by, 141–42
criticism of, 155–56, 161, 213, 218–20,
222, 223–27, 228, 234, 235
Ellis Island notice of, 140–41
immigration societies and, 151, 152 Jewish groups’ relationship with, 213,
214–15
lawyers’ charges against, 199, 201–2 McSweeney’s corruption and, 143–44 on prostitution, 283–84
put in charge of Ellis Island, 136, 230 replacement of, 167
resignation of, 234
stricter exclusionary laws and regulations sought by, 140, 150–51, 152–53, 161, 193–96, 237, 247, 249 strictness of, 149–50, 220–21, 224, 228, 236, 247
Turner on, 147
twenty-five-dollar rule of, 196–99, 201, 202–3, 204
Von Briesen Committee and, 159–61, 228
Williams, William (Declaration of Independence signer), 136
Williamson, John, 360
Willis, Henry Parker, 229
Wilson, William B., 317–18, 323, 326 Wilson, Woodrow, 175, 230–31, 232, 240, 297, 305, 307, 315, 328, 332 on “alien enemies,” 293–94
literacy test and, 307–8
Windom, William, 49–50
Winthrop, John, 95
Wise, Stephen, 232
Wister, Owen, 101, 157
Witzke, Lothar, 292
Wobblies, 311, 312–13, 314, 315, 316, 338
Wolf, Simon, 198, 201, 202, 211, 213–14
Wolf, Sophie, 410
Wolper, David, 393
Wolpert, Otto, 309
Woman’s Suffrage Party, 306
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 60
Woodhull, Frank (Mary Johnson), 3–5, 402
Woods, Robert, 102
Woolfolk, Austin, 21
World War I, 10, 13, 123, 235, 239, 240, 262, 279, 286, 289–300, 306–10, 316, 319, 325, 327–28, 331, 334, 335, 336, 338
World War II, 14, 349, 351, 357, 397, 414
Japanese internment camps in, 292, 352
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 383
Wyman, Walter, 206

Yacoub, Meier Salamy, 211, 212 Yale University, 50, 136
Yiddish, 136
You, A. J., 119–20
Youth’s Companion,
396

Zangwill, Israel, 306
Zionism, 201
Zitello family, 238–41, 259