Animals in Translation (49 page)
Read Animals in Translation Online
Authors: Temple Grandin
27.
Sandra Trehub,
Music and Infants
(New York: Psychology Press, 2005).
28.
T. L. Gottfried, A. Staby, and D. Riester, “Relation of Pitch Glide Perception and Mandarin Tone Identification,” http://www.lawrence.edu/fac/rewgottt/mandmusic.html.
29.
P. M. Gray et al., “The Music of Nature and the Nature of Music”
Science
291 (2001): 52â54.
30.
Luis Baptista, quoted in S. Milius, “Music without Borders,”
Science News
157, no. 16 (April 15, 2000): 252.
31.
Ibid.
32.
Ibid.
33.
Marc D. Hauser, Noam Chomsky, and W. Tecumseh Fitch, “The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?”
Science
298 (November 22, 2002): 1569â79.
34.
Irene Pepperberg, “That Damn Bird: A Talk with Irene Pepperberg,” http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/pepperberg03/pepperberg_index.html.
Chapter 7: Animal Genius: Extreme Talents
1.
K. Scalise, “Secret of the Squirrel Brain: Memory Tricks Investigated in New UC Berkeley Study.” News release, 10/17/97, http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/10_17_97a.html.
2.
Dana Canedy, “Seizure-Alert Dogs May Get Seeing-Eye Status in Florida,”
New York Times,
March 29, 2002.
3.
C. Boesch and M. Tomasello, “Chimpanzee and Human Cultures,”
Current Anthropology
39, no. 5 (December 1998): 591â614, http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Abstracts/Boesch_Tomasello_98.html. Boesch and Tomasello write, “This may be called cumulative cultural evolution or the ratchet effect (by analogy with the device that keeps things in place while the user prepares to advance them further).”
4.
Donna Williams,
Nobody Nowhere: The Extraordinary Autobiography of an Autistic
(New York: Random House, 1992).
5.
Hyper-specificity and general intelligence don't go together in people or in domestic animals like horses and dogs. My guess is they probably don't go together in dolphins and birds, either, but I don't know.
6.
A. Shah and U. Frith, “An Islet of Ability in Autistic Children: A search Note,”
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
24 (1983): 613â20.
7.
A. W. Snyder and D. J. Mitchell, “Is Integer Arithmetic Fundamental to Mental Processing?: The Mind's Secret Arithmetic,”
Proceedings of the Royal Society,
London, B 266 (1999): 587â92.
8.
Betty Edwards's book
Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain
starts students off with upside-down drawings. Douglas S. Fox, a writer who did an article about Dr. Snyder's work for
Discover
magazine, tried drawing the negative space around a pair of scissors and said, “I felt I was drawing individual lines, not an object, and my drawing wasn't half bad, either.” He was drawing the separate parts of what he was looking at, not his unified concept. Betty Edwards,
The New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain
(New York: Putnam, 1999). Douglas S. Fox, “The Inner Savant,”
Discover,
vol. 23, no. 2 (February 2002), available online at http://centreforthemind.com/newsmedia/webarchive/discoverinnersavant.cfm.
9.
A. W. Snyder et al., “Savant-like Skills Exposed in Normal People by Suppressing the Left Frontotemporal Lobe,”
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
2, no. 2 (December 2003):149â58; B. L. Miller et al., “Emergence of Artistic Talent in Frontotemporal Dementia,”
Neurology
51, no. 4 (October 1998): 978â82; B. L. Miller and C. E.
ou, “Portraits of Artists: Emergence of Visual Creativity in Dementia,”
Arch Neurol
61, no. 6 (June 2004): 842â44.
10.
You can see the drawings if you do a Web search for “Savant-Like Skills Exposed in Normal People by Suppressing the Left Fronto-Temporal Lobe” and click on the pdf file. http://www.centreforthemind.com/whoweare/SavantSkillsJournal.pdf.
11.
R. K. Wayne et al., “Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog,”
Science
276, no. 13 (June 1997): 1687â89.
12.
Shelly Simonds, “Theory Suggests Greater Role for Man's Best Friend,”
ANU Reporter
29, no. 1. http://info.anu.edu.au/mac/Newsletters_and_Journals/ANU_Reporter/_pdf/vol_29_no_01/dogs.html.
13.
Simon Benson, “Man and Canine a Top Team,”
Daily Telegraph,
March 25, 2002.
14.
I'm assuming it's smell rather than a subtle behavioral cue because I don't
think
a person would show tiny behavioral changes indicating that her blood sugar is getting dangerously low when she's asleep. But of course I don't know. If diabetics do have tiny behavioral changes when their blood sugar is low, a dog is going to be more likely to spot them than a person.
Chapter 1: My Story
Grandin, T. 1995.
Thinking in Pictures.
New York: Vintage.
âââ. 1998. Handling Methods and Facilities to Reduce Stress on Cattle,
Veterinary Clinics of North America,
14:325â41.
âââ. 2000.
Livestock Handling and Transport.
Wallingford, U.K.: CABI Publishing.
âââ. 2000. My Mind on a Web Browser: How People with Autism Think.
Cerebrum
(Winter): 13â22.
âââ. 2003 Transferring Results of Behavioral Research to Industry to Improve Animal Welfare on the Farm, Ranch, and the Slaughter Plant.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
81:215â28
Hov, C., et al. 2000. Artistic Savants.
Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology
13:29â38.
Voisinet, B. D., T. Grandin, J. D. Tatum, S. F. O'Conner, and J. J. Strothers. 1997. Feedlot Cattle with Calm Temperaments Have Higher Average Daily Gains Than Cattle with Excitable Temperaments.
Journal of Animal Science
75:892â96.
Chapter 2: How Animals Perceive the World
Carter, Rita. 2002.
Exploring Consciousness.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Gladwell, Malcolm. 2001. Wrong Turn.
New Yorker,
June 11. Mr. Gladwell's articles can be found at http://www.gladwell.com/.
Grandin, T. 1996. Factors That Impede Animal Movement at Slaughter Plants.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
209: 757â59.
Grandin, T., and M. J. Deesing. 1998. Behavioral Genetics and Animal Science. In
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals,
ed. T. Grandin. San Diego, CA: Academic Press: 1â31.
Heffner, R. S., and H. E. Heffner. 1983. Hearing in Large Animals: Horses (
Equus caballus
and Cattle C
Bos taurus
).
Behavioral Neuroscience
97:299â311.
Jacobs, G. H., J. F. Deegan, and J. Netz. 1998. Photopigment Basis for Dichromatic Color Vision in Cows, Goats and Sheep.
Visual Neuroscience
15:581â84.
Kleiner, K. 2004. What We Gave Up for Color Vision.
New Scientist
(January 2004): 12.
Krasnegor, Norman A., G. Reid Lyon, and Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic. 1997.
Development of the Prefrontal Cortex: Evolution, Neurobiology, and Behavior.
Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
Lanier, J. L., T. Grandin, R. D. Green, D. Avery, and K. McGee. 2000. The Relationship Between Reaction to Sudden Intermittent Movements and Sounds and Temperament.
Journal of Animal Science
78: 1476â74.
Lemmon, W. B., and G. H. Patterson. 1964. Depth Perception in Sheep: Effects of Interrupting the Mother Neonate Bond.
Science
145: 835â36.
McConnell, P. B. 1990. Acoustic Structure and Receiver Response in Domestic Dogs (
Canis familiarus
).
Animal Behavior
39:897â904.
Miller, P. E., and C. J. Murphy. 1995. Vision in Dogs.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
12:1623â34.
Revkin, A. C. 2001. Eavesdropping on Elephant Society.
New York Times.
January 9.
Talling, J. C., N. K. Waran, C. M. Wathes, and J. A. Lines. 1998. Sound Avoidance by Domestic Pigs Depends Upon Characteristics of the Signal.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
58, nos. 3â4:255â66.
Chapter 3: Animal Feelings
Craig, J. V., M. L. Jan, C. R. Polley, A. L. Bhagwat, and A. D. Dayton. 1975. Changes in Relative Aggressiveness and Social Dominance Associated with Selection for Early Egg Production in Chickens.
Poultry Science
54:1647â58.
Craig, J. V., and J. C. Swanson. 1994. Review: Welfare Perspectives on Hens Kept for Egg Production.
Poultry Science
73:921â38.
Danbury, T. C., C. A. Wecks, J. P. Chambers, A. E. Waterman-Pearson, and S. C. Kestin. 2000. Self Selection of the Analgesic Drug Carprofen by Lame Broiler Chickens.
Veterinary Record
146:307â11.
Dugatkin, Lee Alan. 2004.
Principles of Animal Behavior.
New York: W. W. Norton.
Faure, J. M., and A. D. Mills. 1998. Improving the Adaptability of Animals by Selection. In
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals,
ed. T. Grandin, 235â64. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Goodwin, D., J. W. S. Bradshaw, and S. M. Wickens. 1997. Paedomorphosis Affects Visual Signals in Domestic Dogs.
Animal Behavior
53:297â304.
Grandin, T. 2002. Do Animals and People with Autism Have True Consciousness?
Evolution and Cognition
8:241â48.
Grandin, T., and M. J. Deesing. 1998. Genetics and Animal Welfare. In
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals,
ed. T. Grandin, 319â46. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Grandin T., M. J. Deesing, J. J. Struthers, and A. M. Swinker. 1995. Cattle with Hair Whorls Above the Eyes Are More Behaviorally Agitated During Restraint.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
46:117â23.
Grandin, T., T. N. Dodman, and L. Shuster. 1989. Effect of Naltrexone on Relaxation Induced by Lateral Flank Pressure in Pigs.
Pharmacological Biochemistry of Behavior
33: 839â42.
Hemsworth, P. H., J. L. Barnett, and C. Hansen. 1981. The Influence of Handling by Humans on the Growth and Corticosteroids in the Juvenile Female Pig.
Hormones and Behavior
15:396â403.
Hughes, D. P. 2004.
Songs of the Gorilla Nation.
New York: Random House.
Millman, S. T., I. J. Duncan, and T. M. Widowski. 2000. Male Broiler Fowl Display High Levels of Aggression Towards Females.
Poultry Science
79:1233â41.
Webster, A. B., and J. E. Hurnik. 1991. Behavior, Production and Well Being in the Laying Hen. 2. Individual Production and Relationships of Behavior to Production and Physical Condition.
Poultry Science
70:421â28.
Chapter 4: Animal Aggression
Beaver, B. V. 1999.
Canine Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
âââ. 2003.
Feline Behavior, A Guide for Veterinarians.
St. Louis: Saunders/Elsevier Science.
Gates, G. 2003.
A Dog in Hand.
Irving, TX: Tapestry Press.
Grandin, T., and J. Bruning. 1992. Boar Presence Reduces Fighting in Mixed Slaughter-Weight Pigs.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
33: 273â76.
Landsberg, G., W. Hunthausen, and L. Ackerman. 2003.
Handbook of
Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat.
London: Saunders/Elsevier Science.
Niehoff, D. 1999.
The Biology of Violence.
New York: The Free Press, 54â114.
Price, E. O., and S. J. R. Wallach. 1990. Physical Isolation of Hand Reared Hereford Bulls Increases Their Aggressiveness Towards Humans.
Applied Animal Behavior Science
27:263â67.
Smolker, R. 2002.
To Touch a Wild Dolphin.
New York: Anchor.
Turner, D. C., and P. Bateson. 2002.
The Domestic Cat: The Biology of Its Behavior
(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chapter 5: Pain and Suffering
Apkarian, A. V., P. S. Thomas, B. R. Krauss, and N. M. Szevcrengi. 2001. Prefrontal Cortical Hyperactivity in Patients with Sympathetically Mediated Pain.
Journal of Neuroscience Letters
311:193â97.
Bateson, P. 1991. Assessment of Pain in Animals.
Animal Behavior
42:827â39.
Boissy, A. 1995. Fear and Fearfulness in Animals.
Quarterly Review of Biology
70:165â91.
Colpaert, F. C., J. P. Taryre, M. Alliaga, and W. Koek. 2001. Opiate Self Administration as a Measure of Chronic Nociceptive Pain in Arthritic Rats.
Pain
91: 33â34.
Freeman, W., and J. W. Watts. 1950.
Psychosurgery in the Treatment of Mental Disorders and Intractable Pain.
Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
Gentle, M. J., D. Waddington, L. N. Hunter, and R. B. Jones. 1990. Behavioral Evidence for Persistent Pain Following Partial Beak Amputation in Chickens.
Applied Animal Behavior Science
27:149â57.
Grandin, T. 1997. Assessment of Stress During Handling and Transport.
Journal of Animal Science
75:249â57.
Hansen, B. D., E. M. Hardic, and G. S. Carroll. 1997. Physiological Measurements After Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs.
Applied Animal Behavior Science
51:101â9.
Rainville, P., G. H. Duncan, D. D Price, B. Carrier, and C. Bushnell. 1997. Pain Affect Encoded in Human Anterior Cingulate but Not Somatosensory Cortex.
Science
277:968â71.
Rogan, M. T., and J. E. LeDoux. 1996. Emotion Systems, Cells Synaptic Plasticity.
Cell
85:469â75.
Sheddon, L. V. 2003. The Evidence for Pain in Fish: The Use of Morphine as an Analgesic.
Applied Animal Behavior Science
83:153â62.
Chapter 6: How Animals Think
Ackers, S. H., and C. N. Slobodchikoff. 1999. Communication of Stimulus Size and Shape in Alarm Calls of Gunnison's Prairie Dogs (
Cynomys gunnisoni
).
Ethology
105:149â62.
Bekoff, Marc, Colin Allen, and Gordon M. Burghardt. 2002.
The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition.
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Dawkins, M. S. 1993.
Through Our Eyes Only: In the Search for Animal Consciousness.
New York: W. H. Freeman.
Derr, M. 2001. What Do Those Barks Mean? To Dogs, It's All Just Talk.
New York Times,
April 24, D6.
Domjan, Michael. 1998.
The Principles of Learning and Behavior,
4th ed. New York: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
Grandin, T. 1998. Objective Scoring of Animal Handling and Stunning Practices in Slaughter Plants.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
212:36â93.
âââ. 2001. Welfare of Cattle During Slaughter and the Prevention of Non-Ambulatory (Down) Cattle.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
219:1377â82.
Gray, P. M., B. Kraus, J. Atema, R. Payne, C. Krumhansl, and L. Batista. 2001. The Music of Nature and the Nature of Music.
Science
291:52â54.
Griffin, D. R. 2001.
Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Louie, K., and M. A. Wilson. 2001. Temporally Structured Replay of Awake Hippocampal Ensemble Activity During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.
Neuron
1:145â56.
Lund, Nick. 2002.
Animal Cognition.
New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Lyon, B. E. 2003. Egg Recognition and Counting Reduce Costs of Avian Conspecific Brood Parasitism.
Nature
422:495â98.
Milius, S. 2004. Where'd I Put That? Maybe It Takes a Bird Brain to Find the Car Keys.
Science News
165:103â5.
Pearce, John M. 1997.
Animal Learning and Cognition: An Introduction,
2nd ed. East Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Pepperberg, I. M. 1999.
The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rogers, Lesly J. 1997.
Minds of Their Own: Thinking and Awareness in Animals.
Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Slobodchikoff, C. N., C. Kiriazis, C. Fischer, and E. Creef. 1991. Semantic Information Distinguishing Individual Predators in the Alarm Calls of Gunnison's Prairie Dogs.
Animal Behavior
42:713â19.
Slobodchikoff, C. N. 2002. Cognition and Communication in Prairie Dogs. In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, and G. Burghardt, eds.,
The Cognitive Animal.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chapter 7: Animal Genius: Extreme Talents
Birbaumer, N. 1999. Rain Man's Revelations.
Nature
399:211â12.
Judd, S. P. D., and T. S. Collett. 1998. Multiple Stored Views and Landmark Guidance in Ants.
Nature
392:710â14.
Miller, B. L., K. Boone, J. L. Cummings, S. L. Read, and F. Mishkin. 2000. Functional Correlates of Musical and Visual Ability in Fronto-temporal Dementia.
British Journal of Psychiatry
176:458â63.
Miller, B. L., J. Cummings, F. Mishkin, K. Boone, F. Prince, M. Ponton, and C. Cotman. 1998. Emergence of Art Talent in Frontotemporal Dementia.
Neurology
51:978â81.
Snyder, A. W., and J. D. Mitchell. 1999. Is Integer Arithmetic Fundamental to Arithmetic? The Mind's Secret Arithmetic.
Proceedings Royal Society
266:587â92.
Snyder, A. W., E. Mulcathy, J. L. Taylor, D. J. Mitchell, P. Sachdew, and S. Gandevia. 2003. Savant Like Skills Exposed in Normal People by Suppressing the Left Fronto-Temporal Lobe.
Journal of Integrative Neurosciences
2:149â58. All of Dr. Snyder's articles are available at the Web site of the Centre for the Mind, a joint venture of the Australian National University and the University of Sydney. http://www.centreforthemind.com/publications/publications.cfm.
Treffert, Darald A. 1989.
Extraordinary People: Understanding “Idiot Savants.”
New York: HarperCollins. Dr. Treffert also maintains a useful Web page devoted to savant syndromes on the Web site of the Wisconsin Medical Society. http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant/whatsnew.cfm.
Webner, R. 2001. Bird Navigation Computing Orthodromes.
Science
291:264â65.