Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000 (31 page)

22

media
167–
168

Prague Spring
2,
22,
39,
46,
49,
50,

nationalism, warnings of

63,
85,
175
–176, 176

191–
192

Primakov, Yevgeny
124,
152

oil and gas industry
138,
160,

privatization
129–
134,
145

168

city of Moscow’s exemption
215

plundering of Soviet assets
115,

loans for shares
133–
134

124

vouchers
130–
131

political ‘parties’
145
–
146

242

index

rust belt
ix, x,
8,
117,
139

20,
23,
25,
35,
43,
79,
87,

taking over from Soviet Union
119,
172,
174,
195

97,
108
–
109,
110

effects on the Soviet Union tax police
161,
189

32–
35,
195

and Union Treaty
97,
108,
109

as legitimizer of socialism
44
–45,

Russia, reforms
viii-ix, x,
165
–
166

48

as collapse
ix,
6

surrendering the gains of
90

dissillusion with
8

Shevardnadze, Eduard
59,
87,
88,

exaggerated role of the West
9,

207

185–
186

shock therapy
120,
122,
123

lack of neo-liberal reforms Shushkevich, Stanislav
109
–
110

125–
126

Siberian oil
15
–
17

legal and judicial
161
–
165

decline of
16

Marshal Plan, misplaced calls for discovery of
15

139–
140

effect on Soviet economy

privatization
129–
134

15–
17

referendum in favor of
150

‘socialism with a human face’
2,

and Soviet inheritance
6,
186–

9,
57,
84,
181,
182;
see
188

also
Gorbachev;

Russia, regions
154
–156,
158,
162

Khrushchev; Mlynárˇ; and

Chechnya
4,
155,
156,
167,
189

Sovietologists

Ingushetia
4,
127

Solidarity
see
Eastern Europe Kaliningrad
194

Soviet Union (USSR)
viii,
1,
2,
3
–
4,

Krasnodar province
156–
157

9,
20
–
21,
25,
30,
47,
147,

Moscow, as an island of relative
171–
172,
173,
174,
179,

prosperity
157,
187,
193

186,
188,
195

Perm province
156–
157

alcoholism and anti-alcohol Sakha (Yakutia)
156

campaigns
60,
66

St Petersburg (as ‘democratic’) censorship
46

157

claims on other nations’ debt Tatarstan
156

214

Tomsk province
156–
157

crackdown on Czechoslovakia Russian Empire of the Tsars
21,

(Prague Spring—1968)
2,

77–
78,
171

22,
49,
50,
63,
85

Russian Revolutions (1917)
31,
37,

crackdown on Hungary (1956)
76,
78

22,
85,
102

Ryzhkov, Nikolai
52,
59,
60

economy
7–
8,
62–
64

agriculture
204,
216

Sakharov, Andrei
45,
60

as bedrock of communities and Second World War
viii,
9,
17,
19,

social constituencies
7

243

index

Soviet Union (
cont’d
)
21,
29,
30,
46,
57,
72,
83,

concentration in heavy

101,
175,
176,
177,
183

industries
17

crimes of building socialism
19,

decline with increasing social
75

malaise
25
–
27,
66
–
67

death and the post-Stalin years
2,

obsolete industries as a drag
28,
31
–
32,
35,
36,
79

on
17–
18

denounced by Gorbachev
71

computers
63

denounced by Khrushchev
22,

steel sector
64

37,
70

supported by energy exports State Emergency Committee
see
15–
16,
50,
66

putsch

elite
48,
115,
160,
169

Suslov, Mikhail
46,
49,
51,
55,
82,

lifestyle, access to the West
48

182

and the Soviet dissolution
5
–
6

Tikhonov, Nikolai
49,
52,
53,
55,

worry and defection over

56,
59

Soviet decline
28

ambitions to become General-foreign debt
119,
173

Secretary
203

foreign trade
125

Tocqueville [Alexis de]
143

gulag
33–
35

as a kleptocracy
29

US Administrations and the Soviet organized uprisings
27,
46,
201

Union/Russia
175

popular allegiance to socialism Bush, George
61,
89,
110,
172,

44

185

post-war inability to inspire youth ‘chicken-Kiev’ speech
110

48

and Gorbachev
212

post-war quality of life
16,
39
–
43

Clinton, Bill
185

Soviet-era assets
115–
117

comparison between attempt stability before perestroika
27

at health care reform and

union republics
3,
77–
78,
81

Russian reform
7

weakness of national movements Reagan, Ronald
61,
171,
172,

47,
72
–
73

185,
219
–
220

Soviet Union, dissolution
9

military spending spree
172

accompanying civil wars
4

Ukraine
viii,
21,
72,
99,
107

comparison to India
106–
107

declaration of sovereignty
90

possibilities of a chaotic and non-existent economic

violent end
4,
174–
175

restructuring
141,
193

ultimate causes
106–
108,
181

lack of autonomous region for Sovietologists
181
–
2

ethnic Russians
4,
155

Stalin, Joseph and Stalinism
4,
20,

rigged post-Soviet elections
168

244

index

and Union Treaty
97,
105,
109

and Ligachev
82
–
83

Union Treaty, negotiations
90
–
91,

Yanaev, Gennady
97,
99,
100,

96–
97,
105,
108,
109

101

Ustinov, Dmitry
49,
51,
52,
55

Yazov, Dmitry
98,
100,
147

and the nuclear suitcase

weapons of mass destruction
101–
102

(WMD)
3,
4,
222,
223

Yeltsin, Boris
92,
107,
118,
119,

Chemical Weapons Convention
121,
127,
142,
143,
146,

190

152,
155,
159,
163,
184,

disarmament and negotiations
191,
194

for
61,
173

and his 1991 ‘counter-putsch’

nuclear forces
27

108–
109

precarious cold-war stockpiles and August putsch
99
–
101,
103

190–
191

biography
92–
93

Soviet weapons complex

chairmanship of the Russian compared with Iraq

Congress of People’s

183–
184

Deputies
94
–
95

The West
see also
cold war and compared with Gorbachev

Russia, reforms

111–
112,
179
–180

growing technological

fears of an assassination attempt superiority
53

by KGB
95

restructuring of economies in the and the final days of the Soviet 1970s
51

Union
109–
111

Soviet elite, access to
48

leadership style and populism welfare state democracies
20,
21

93,
95,
120,
153,
178,

and competition with Soviets
179–
180

173

mental depression
208

Western culture invading the moves against the Union

Soviet bloc
39–
43

104–
105

world economy

rise to Russian presidency
95–
96

hierarchy
195
–
196

sacking of his governments
152

Russia’s hopes of joining

struggle with Russian legislature
194–
195

149–
150

and socialist planning
199

transfer to Moscow
94

Yakovlev, Alexander
59,
60

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir
191

and Gorbachev
206

Zyuganov, Gennady
191

245