Bang!: A History of Britain in the 1980s (104 page)
31
The
Daily Worker
was ridd the
Morning Star
in 1966.
32
Subsequent mergers changed the name first to Amicus and later to Unite.
33
See chapter three, p. 49.
34
See pp. 273 and 274.
35
A capital-committing, passive investor for whom membership of a Lloyd’s syndicate provided a share of its profits and an effective
tax shelter, alongside the risk of unlimited liability for losses.
36
Saunders was released after ten months of his five-year sentence on the pretext of pre-senile dementia, from which he subsequently made a
miraculous recovery; in 2000 the European Court of Human Rights pronounced that the manner of the Guinness Four’s trial had breached their human rights.
37
These retreats did not end the participation of either clearing bank in investment banking. In 1997, Barclays Capital was established,
and although NatWest’s investment banking failures proved a major factor in its sale to the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2000, the RBS Group included its global banking and markets division.
38
In 1982, Ian Posgate, a Lloyd’s underwriter, made over £320,000.
39
A pro-small business, anti-elite, conservative movement that flourished in France in the 1950s.
40
See p. 247.
41
The favoured brand of leather-bound ‘personal organizer’ (a loose-leaf diary with add-ons).
42
It proved a shrewd long-term investment: in 2007 it was bought for £140,000.
43
See Appendix: Nationwide Index of House Prices, 1979–90, p. 478.
44
See p. 395.
45
A twelfth victim, the former headmaster of Enniskillen High School, never regained consciousness and, after a thirteen-year coma, died in
2000.
46
Seventeenth-century poll taxes were of a different nature because their rate was steeply graded according to the social rank of the
payer. Even with this modification, they proved deeply unpopular and were replaced by property taxes.
47
Ronnie Campbell (Blyth Valley), Terry Fields (Liverpool Broadgreen), Dave Nellist (Coventry South East) and Pat Wall (Bradford
North).
48
Greater Manchester, Merseyside, South Yorkshire, Tyne and Wear, West Midlands and West Yorkshire.
49
See p. 421.
50
Douglas Mason,
Revising the Rating System
(Adam Smith Institute, 1985).
51
The European Community was not ridd the European Union until 1993.
52
The term is used here anachronistically, since although the
Oxford English Dictionary
has found a reference from 1985, it did not
come into general use until the 1990s. There was no exactly comparable name in the 1970s and 1980s; the term ‘anti-marketeer’ (i.e. anti-Common Market) was used to describe outright
opponents of EEC membership, but was hardly an apt description for someone of Thatcher’s free-trading beliefs.
53
See p. 97.
54
See, in particular, pp. 390, 394.
55
See pp. 339–40.
A Clockwork Orange
(film)
277
A Very British Coup
(TV programme)
210
ABC
285
abortions
314
ACAS
18
acid house
301–8
Adam Ant
283
Adam Smith Institute
439
Adams, Leonard
89
Adelman, Kenneth
219
Afghanistan, Soviet invasion of
201
,
202
,
316
Aitken, Jonathan
70
Alacrity
, HMS
158
All-Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation
442
Allen, Lord
9
’Allo ’Allo
(TV programme)
252
Altered Images
276
alternative comedy
250–1
Alton, David
315
American Economist
451
Amersham International
383
Amin, Idi
13
Anderton, James
326
Andrew, Prince
139
Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission
332
Anglo-Irish Agreement
429–30
Anglo-Soviet relations
217–18
Antelope
, HMS
160
anti-inflationary strategy
17–18
anti-nuclear protests
199–201
,
202–9
Antrim
, HMS
159
Apple
78
Apple Macintosh
78–9
Aps, Ray
111
architecture: breaking modernism
262–70
; brutalist
277
; conservatism
266–9
; domestic
272–3
; high-tech
265–6
; lack of craftsmanship
263–4
; local authority
264
; postmodernism
270–5
; Prince of Wales attacks
262
,
263
,
267–70
,
271
; spending restraints
264
; styles
263
Ardent
, HMS
159
‘Are “Friends” Electric?’ (song)
278–9
Argentina: Dirty War
134–5
; the disappeared
135
; economic problems
136
; Exocet missiles
145
; and the Falkland Islands
132
; Galtieri regime
135
; invasion of the Falkland Islands
135–8
Argonaut
, HMS
159
Ark Royal,
HMS
140
ARM 79n
Armitage family
85
arms sales
22
Armstrong, Sir Robert
429
Armstrong, Sir William
13
Arrow
, HMS
161
art market
233–4
Art of Noise
280
arts
223–34
; 20th June Group
227
; achievements
232
; Booker Prize winners
482
; budget
223–7
; corporate sponsorship
223
,
225–7
; criticism of Thatcher
228–30
; film industry
255–61
,
471
; funding
223–7
,
232
,
232–3
,
261
; musicals
230
; National Lottery funding
232–3
; philanthropy
233
; public spending cuts
223–4
Arts Council of Great Britain
223
,
224–5
,
231–2
asymmetric conflicts
131–2
Atkins, Humphrey
100
Atkinson, Rowan
251–2
Atlantic Conveyor
(container ship)
157
,
163
Attlee, Clement
9
Augar, Philip
408
Austin, Tim
367
Australia
145
Baker, Kenneth
435
,
437
,
439
,
440
,
453
,
454
balance of payments
180
Ballard, J. G.
278
Bananarama
290
bank lending
181
banking sector
399–400
,
406
,
423–4
;
see also
financial deregulation
Barber, Anthony
13
Barchester Chronicles, The
(TV programme)
249
Baring’s
405
Barlow Clowes
403
Barr, Ann
414–15
Basnett, David
9
BAT Industries
400
Battleaxe
, HMS
150
BBC
127–8
,
235
,
243–4
,
246
,
249
,
276–7
,
455
,
471
BBC 2
235
BBC Sports Personality of the Year
484
Beckett, Margaret
126
Beckett, Sir Terence
73
Belfast
98
Belgium
83
Benn, Tony: and the CLDP
112
,
114
; deputy leadership campaign
121
,
124–7
; and the Falklands War
143
,
154
; general election, 1979
35
,
36
; and IMF loan
15
; loss of seat (1983)
178
; party conference (1980)
107
,
108–9
; and the poll tax
442
; and privatization
383
Bennett, Alan
250
Bermondsey by-election
328
Berry, Sir Peter
356
Best, Keith
381–2
Betjeman, John
263
Bevan, Andy
111–12
Bevan, Nye
123
Bicheno, Hugh
159
Big Bang the
273
,
393–5
; impact
395–408
Birmingham
80
births outside marriage
313–14
Black, Conrad
371
Black Women’s Group
92
Blackadder
(TV programme)
252
Blackburn
84
Blacks Against State Harassment (BASH)
92
Blair, Tony
177
,
318
,
437
,
467
,
473
Blakelock, PC Keith
319
Blitz Kids
283–4
Blunkett, David
434
Boat Race
340
Bolton
84
Bonzo, Hector
153
Booth-Clibbon, Stanley, Bishop of Manchester
331
Bootle by-election
427
Borges, Jorge Luis
132
Bottomley, Virginia
305
Boundary Commission
170
Boys from the Blackstuff
(Bleasdale)
82
,
250
BP
see
British Petroleum
Bradford City football ground fire
321
,
323
Bragg, Billy
298
Brasher, Chris
338
Brideshead Revisited
(TV programme)
249
,
257
,
286
,
414
Bridgewater, Geraldine
46
Bright, John
62
British Airports Authority
384
British Airways, privatization
382
,
383–4
,
385
British Board of Film Classification
260–1
British Broadcasting Corporation
see
BBC
British Crime Survey
315
British Film Institute
256
British Humanist Society
335
British Library
270
British Museum
226
British National Oil Corporation (BNOC)
188
,
191
British National Party
178–9
,
428
British Nationality Act (1981)
135
British Petroleum (BP)
188–90
British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB)
238–42
British Social Attitudes survey
315
,
326
,
328
,
338
British Steel Corporation
72
,
384
British Telecom, privatization
380–2
,
383
,
384
,
385
,
386
Brittain, Vera
117
Brittan, Leon
452
Brittan, Samuel
70
Brixton riots
88–92
,
94
,
95
,
318–19
; Brixton Defence Committee
92
,
96
,
97