Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (195 page)

Trade between the lines during war,
620
–25

Transportation: and economic growth,
11
–13,
22
,
29

   and southern economy,
91
–95.
See also
Railroads

Tredegar Iron Works (Richmond),
97
,
280
,
319
,
320
,
818

Trent:
and diplomatic crisis,
367
,
389
–91,
555

   financial impact of,
444

Trevilian Station, battle of,
739

Trimble, Isaac,
655
n

Trist, Nicholas,
3
–4,
50

Trumbull, Lyman: elected senator,
130
,
218

   on black rights,
159

   on McClellan,
362

   and confiscation act,
500

   on midwestern racism,
507
–8

Tupelo, battle of,
749

Tyler, John,
257

Uncle Tom's Cabin
,
38
,
88
–91,
124

Underground railroad,
79
–80,
83
,
85

Uniforms, army, variety of, in 1861, and mix-ups,
318
,
324
,
342
,
344
,
351
,
544

Union Leagues,
599
,
715

United States Military Rail Roads,
514
–15,
527

United States Sanitary Commission,
742

   formation of,
323

   women and,
480

   influence and achievements,
481
–85

   investigates war prisons,
797

Upton, Emory,
729

Vallandigham, Clement L.,
803

   peace program of,
591
–92,
599

   and Northwest Confederacy,
593

   arrest and exile,
596
–97,
599

   candidate for governor,
598
,
684
–85,
688

   peace sentiments in 1864,
761
–62

   confers with rebel agents,
764

   returns to U.S.,
765

   role at Democratic convention,
771
–72

   and McClellan,
775
–76

   alleged intrigues with rebel agents,
782
,
783

Van Buren, Martin: and slavery expansion,
53
,
55

   Free Soil nominee in 1848,
60
–63

Van Dorn, Earl: and Pea Ridge,
404
–5

   at Corinth,
416

   defense of Vicksburg,
421

   attack on Baton Rouge,
422

   declares martial law,
435

   Mississippi command of,
515
,
516
,
534
,
668

   battle of Corinth,
522
–23

   Holly Springs raid,
578
,
629

   and trade with enemy,
622

Vance, Zebulon: opposes conscription,
431

   and home-front economic distress,
613
,
615

   denounces impressment,
616

   loyal opposition of,
695
–97

   reelected governor,
698
,
767

Vanderbilt, Cornelius,
112
,
113

Vicksburg: defies first Union attacks,
420
–22,
488
,
511
,
512

   plans for defense of,
576
–77

   failure of Grant's first campaign against,
577
–79

   maneuvers against in winter 1863,
586
–88,
592
,
593
,
625
,
626

   and Grant's spring 1863 campaign,
627
–36,
645
,
740

   surrender of,
637
–38

   consequences of,
664
–65,
668
,
682
,
683
,
684
,
685
,
691
,
831
,
858

Virginia, C.S.S
.,
421

   rebuilt from
U.S.S. Merrimack
,
280
,
314
,
373
–74

   attacks Union fleet at Hampton Roads,
375
,
417

   fight with
Monitor
,
376
–77

   scuttled,
427

Virginia Military Institute: graduates of, in Confederate army,
528

   cadets at New Market,
724

   Hunter burns,
738

Wade, Benjamin,
195
,
227

   antislavery Whig,
87

   in secession crisis,
252

   chairman of Committee on Conduct of War,
362

   and Wade-Davis bill,
706
,
708
,
712
,
843

   response to Lincoln's veto,
713
,
717

   on Chase,
714

Wages: antebellum,
10
–11,
14
,
22
–23

   and "wage slavery,"
24
–25

   and free-labor ideology,
27
–29

   inflation and, in Confederacy,
440

   inflation and, in Union,
448
–50

Walker, Leroy P.,
317
,
321
,
322

Walker, Robert J., and Lecompton constitution,
163
–66

Walker, William, and filibustering,
110
–16

Wall, James,
436

Wallace, Lewis,
328

   and Shiloh,
407
–10

Wanderer
, illegal slaver,
103

War Democrats, and slavery,
506

Warren, Gouverneur K.,
659
,
742
,
845

Washburn, Cadwallader,
588

Washburne, Elihu,
329
,
415
,
588

Washington, George,
187
,
206
,
274
,
280
,
337
,
718

Washington Peace Convention of 1861,
256
–57

Wayne, James M.,
172
,
173

Webster, Daniel,
59
n,
158

   and Compromise of 1850,
70
–72,
74

   and fugitive slave law,
83

Weed, Thurlow: in 1856 election,
154
,
155

   and 1860 election,
217
,
218
,
219

   and secession,
253

   on peace sentiment in 1864,
761

Weld, Theodore,
38

Welles, Gideon: on slavery expansion,
53

   secretary of navy,
260
,
313

   and
Monitor
,
374
–76

   and Emancipation Proclamation,
504

   on Antietam,
545

   on Gettysburg,
652

   on retaliation for Fort Pillow massacre,
794

West Virginia: creation of, political moves,
297
–99,
303
–4

   military actions in,
299
–303,
336

   admitted as state,
304

Westward movement: and American growth,
6

   and economic opportunity,
22
,
41
–43

   slavery issue and,
41

   and Mormons,
43
–45

   and Indians,
45
–46

Wheeler, Joseph: and battle of Stones River,
579

   raids on Sherman's railroads,
749
,
808

   and Sherman's march to the sea,
809
,
810

   and Sherman's march through Carolinas,
828

Whig party, and Whigs: and Mexican War,
4
,
47
–51,
59

   economic philosophy of,
27
–29,
193

   constituency of,
30
–31

   and slavery,
31
,
53
–54,
65
–67

   and nativism,
33
,
131
,
136

   and Manifest Destiny,
48
–49

   Conscience and Cotton factions,
60
–61,
67