Black Ops: The Rise of Special Forces in the C.I.A., the S.A.S., and Mossad (36 page)

72
.
ISA, Brief History of Unit, 1986
cited by Richelson in National Security Archive 2001.

73
. Smith op. cit.

74
. Bill Cowan interview,
Target America, PBS
late September 2001 retrieved 5 June 2009.

75
. Ibid.

76
. Ibid.

77
. Ibid.

78
. Congressional Committee investigating Iran Contra majority report issued November 1987.

79
. Richelson:
ISA; United States Intelligence Support Activity 1987, Historical Report
.

80
. Ibid.

81
. Ibid.

82
. Ibid.

83
. Alfred W. McCoy and Cathleen B. Read:
The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade
—Harper & Row/HarperCollins/Lawrence Hill Books 2003.

84
. Tim Weiner:
Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA
—Doubleday 2007.

85
.
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks on the US (9/11 Commission Report)
chapter 4.

86
. Alan Greenspan:
The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World
—Penguin, 2007.

87
. Colonel John T. Carney and Benjamin F. Schemmer:
No Room For Error—The Covert Operations of America’s Special Tactics Units from Iran to Afghanistan
—Ballantine Books 2002.

88
. James Paul and Martin Spirit:
The Desert Rats Return: The Gulf War 1991 Operation Granby
—
http://www.britains-smallwars.com/gulf/sbs.htm
.

89
. Fred Kaplan—
Centcom’s real secret weapon
—Slate: War Stories—posted online 20 May 2003; retrieved 25 October 2009.

90
. Simon Jenkins: The rise of imperialism lite is prolonging the Iraqi horror—
The Sunday Times
16 March 2008.

91
. Joyce Battle and Thomas Blanton (eds):
Top Secret Polo Step: Iraq War Plan Assumed only 5,000 US Troops Still There by December 2006
—National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 214 (14 February 2007). Accessed 12 July 2009.

92
. See Col. (Retd) Gregory Fontenot USA, Lieut.-Col. E.J. Degen USA, Lieut.-Col. David Thon USA:
On Point: The US Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom
—Center for Army Lessons Learned, 2004: “Conventional forces are traditionally the supported force and not the other way around.”

93
. Major Isaac J. Peltier:
Surrogate Warfare: The Role of US Army Special Forces
—monograph, School of Advanced Military Studies US Army Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 2005.

94
.
History of the 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne)
, online at
www.soc.mil
.

95
. Fontenot et al. op. cit.

96
. Ibid.

97
. Spec. Adrian Schulte, SETAF Public Affairs:
Paratroopers remember the jump into Iraq
—USEUR Public Affairs 23 March 2004.

98
. Fontenot et al. op. cit.

99
. See Gerry J. Gilmore:
Special Operations Troops Recount Iraqi Missions
—American Forces Press Service, 5 February 2004, accessed 17 June 2009; Sean D. Naylor:
Battle of Debecka Pass: How 31 Special Forces troops outgunned and outmanoeuvred an overwhelming enemy force
—Army Times 22 September 2003, accessed 17 June 2009.

100
. Naylor op. cit.

101
. John Simpson:
This Is Just a Scene from Hell
—BBC News online 6 April 2003.

102
. Ilene R. Prusher:
Iraqis abandon pledge to resist—and Kirkuk falls—Christian Science Monitor
11 April 2003.

103
. Field Manual 3-05.20:
Special Forces Unconventional Operations
.

104
. Fontenot et al. op. cit.

105
. Smith op. cit.

106
. Fontenot et al. op. cit.

107
. Jon Swain, Marie Colvin, Christina Lamb, Mark Franchetti:
Focus: Battle for Iraq: Aftershock—Sunday Times
23 March 2003.

108
. James W. Crawley:
SEALs Give Glimpse of Missions in Iraq—San Diego Union-Tribune
27 June 2003; Robert Winnett and Justin Sparks:
Saddam’s sea of fire foiled by Polish SAS—Sunday Times
29 February 2004.

109
. Vice Admiral William Gortney:
Rescue of Captain Richard Phillips
—DoD News Briefing 12 April 2009.

110
. Lieutenant-Colonel Terry Ferrell cited by Fontenot op. cit.

111
. Steve Call:
Danger Close: Tactical Air Controllers in Afghanistan and Iraq
—Texas A&M University Press 2007.

112
. Tim Dyhouse:
‘Black Ops’ Shine in Iraq War—VFW Magazine
1 February 2004.

113
. Anon:
Saddam bounty may go unclaimed
—CN 15 December 2003 retrieved 25 June 2009; Mary Leonard and Tatsha Robgertson:
For colonel, search mission was a perfect fit—Boston Globe
16 December 2003; Anon:
How Saddam Hussein was captured
—BBC News 15 December 2003 accessed 25 June 2009; David Pratt: Revealed:
Who Really Found Saddam?—Sunday Herald
(Scotland) 21 December 2003.

114
. David Leppard:
US says it has right to kidnap British citizens—The Sunday Times
2 December 2007.

115
. Richard Owen:
23 CIA agents are sentenced over ‘extraordinary rendition’ kidnap—The Times
5 November 2009.

116
. Smith op. cit.

117
. Ann Scott-Tyson:
Anatomy of the raid on Hussein’s sons
—Christian Science Monitor 24 July 2003.

118
. Scott MacLeod:
Zarqawi’s Last Dinner Party: We go inside the search for the ring-leader of al-Qaida in Iraq—Army Times
8 May 2006; Sean D. Naylor:
Spec ops’ ‘unblinking eye’ leads to airstrike that kills terrorist leader—Marine Corps Times
9 June 2006; Hala Jaber et al.:
How Iraq’s ghost of death was cornered—Sunday Times
11 June 2006.

119
. Shane Bauer:
Iraq’s New Death Squad—The Nation
3 June 2009.

120
. Richard Holbrook:
To End A War
—Random House 1999.

121
. Jeff McKaughan:
Interview with Michael G. Vickers, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations—Special Operations Technology
14 November 2007.

122
. Isabel Oakeshott and Michael Smith:
SAS to expand in army shake-up—Sunday Times
26 April 2009.

123
. John D. Negroponte and Porter J. Goss:
Establishment of the National Clandestine Service
—CIA press release 13 October 2005.

124
. Colonel Kathryn Stone:
“All Necessary Means”: Employing CIA Operatives in a Warfighting Role Alongside Special Operations Forces
—U.S. Army War College Strategy Research Project Academic Research Paper.

125
. Gary C. Schroen:
First In: An Insider’s Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan
—Presidio Press 2005.

126
. Robert Gates:
From The Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War: 1997
—Simon & Schuster 1996.

127
. See Geraghty:
Guns For Hire
—Pegasus 2009.

128
. Ken Connor:
Ghost Force: The Secret History of the SAS
—Cassell 1998.

129
. Schroen op. cit.

130
. Dana Priest:
“Team 555” Shaped A New Way of War…
—Washington Post 3 April 2002.

131
. Stone op. cit.

132
. Ibid.

133
. Colin Soloway:
“He’s Got To Decide…”
—Newsweek Web Exclusive updated 6 December 2001, retrieved 12 May 2009.

134
. Steve Coll:
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001
—Penguin Books 2005.

135
. Professor Richard Schultz:
Preempting Terrorists was not an Option: The Non-Use of SOF CT Units in the 1990s
cited in
Rowan Scarborough: Rumsfeld’s War: The Untold Story of America’s Anti-terrorist commander;
see also Michael Smith,
Killer Elite
op. cit.