Blood Brotherhoods (136 page)

A.W. McCoy,
The Politics of Heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug trade
, New York, 1991.

P. Pezzino,
Mafia: Industria della violenza
, Florence, 1995. Reproduces important passages on narcotics from the Commissione Parlamentare d’Inchiesta.

C. Sterling,
The Mafia
, London, 1990. ‘Narcotics track star’, quoted p. 71.

D. Twitchett and J.K. Fairbank (eds),
The Cambridge History of China
, vol. 10,
Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911
, Part 1, edited by J.K. Fairbank. F. Wakeman Jr, ‘The Canton trade and the Opium War’; J.K. Fairbank, ‘The creation of the treaty system’. ‘The most long-continued and systematic international crime of modern times’, p. 213.

W.W. Willoughby,
Opium as an International Problem. The Geneva Conferences
, Baltimore, 1925. ‘By 1924 no more than 110,000 addicts in the United States’, p. 6.

52. Mr Champagne: Heroin broker

P. Arlacchi,
La mafia imprenditrice. Dalla Calabria al centro dell’inferno
, Milan, 2007 (original edn 1982). By 1980, Italy had more heroin addicts per head of population than did the United States, p. 187.

O. Barrese (ed.),
Mafia, politica, pentiti: la relazione del presidente Luciano Violante e le deposizioni di Antonio Calderone, Tommaso Buscetta, Leonardo Messina, Gaspare Mutolo: atti della Commissione parlamentare d’inchiesta sulla mafia
, Soveria Mannelli, 1993. ‘When it comes to drug trafficking, if deals are small then they can be managed by a Family’, p. 420; ‘God bless these prisons!’, p. 497.

E. Deaglio,
Raccolto rosso: la mafia, l’Italia e poi venne giù tutto
, Milan, 1995.

L. Galluzzo, F. La Licata, S. Lodato (eds),
Rapporto sulla mafia degli anni ‘80
, Palermo, 1986. Suite in the five-star Michelangelo Hotel as his office, p. 322.

Istruttoria maxiprocesso, vol. 9. Ferrari Dino and Alfa Romeo GTV 2000, p. 1763.

L. Paoli,
Mafia Brotherhoods: organized crime, Italian style
, Oxford, 2003.

V. Scafetta,
U Baruni di Partanna Mondello. Storia di Mutolo Gaspare mafioso, pentito
, Rome, 2003. ‘I’ve never felt fear the evening before a murder’, p. 55; ‘All you have to do is set up good relationships with a few local administrators’, p. 61; ‘Gentlemen, we have the chance to earn ten times as much with drugs’, p. 63; ‘If there are any rascals in the story, it’s the Swiss’, p. 62; ‘Gaspare, promise me: as soon as you get out, call me’, p. 65.

A. Stille,
Excellent Cadavers
, London, 1995. A fine journalistic reconstruction of the dramatic events in Sicily in the 1980s that I have drawn on for this chapter and several following.

53. The Transatlantic Syndicate

T. Blickman, ‘The Rothschilds of the Mafia on Aruba’,
Transnational Organized Crime
, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1997.

Corte Suprema di Cassazione, Seconda parte penale, Sentenza Andreotti, 15/10/2004. ‘An authentic, stable and friendly availability’, p. 83.

Istruttoria maxiprocesso, vol. 5, p. 847. Reproduces the conversation in the ice-cream bar in Saint-Léonard, Montreal’s Little Italy.

A. Jamieson, ‘Cooperation Between Organized Crime Groups Around The World’,
Jahrbuch für internationale Sicherheitspolitik
, December, 1999. For the international traces of the Transatlantic Syndicate, and the marriage of Pasquale Cuntrera’s son, p. 68.

S. Lupo,
Quando la mafia trovò l’America. Storia di un intreccio intercontinentale
,
1888–2008
, Turin, 2008. For an astute analysis of this episode, and (what Lupo calls) the ‘third mafia’.

J.D. Pistone,
Donnie Brasco
, New York, 1989.

54. The Professor

F. Barbagallo,
Il potere della camorra (1973–1998)
, Turin, 1999. 7,000 NCO affiliates, p. 13.

E. Ciconte,
Processo alla ’ndrangheta
, Rome–Bari, 1996. Cutolo’s initiation into the ’ndrangheta, pp. 108–10.

R. Cutolo,
Poesie e pensieri
, Naples, 1980.

S. De Gregorio,
Camorra
, Naples, 1981. Quotes the extracts from the psychiatric analyses of Cutolo, p. 34.

M. Jacquemet,
Credibility in Court. Communicative Practices in Camorra Trials
, Cambridge, 1996. Juvenile inmates in Campania, p. 29; Cutolo’s living expenses in prison, p. 43.

M. Jouakim,
‘O Malommo
, Naples, 1979.

A. Lamberti, ‘“Imposture” letterarie e “simulacra” poetici. Il ruolo di Ferdinando Russo nella costruzione dell’immaginario di massa sulla “camorra”’, in P. Bianchi and P. Sabbatino (eds),
Le rappresentazioni della camorra
, Naples, 2009.

L. Rossi,
Camorra. Un mese a Ottaviano il paese in cui la vita di un uomo non vale nulla
, Milan, 1983. Contains the harrowing interviews with young
camorristi
I have quoted here, and has a very useful introduction on the ‘South Bronxes’ of Campania by Pino Arlacchi.

M. Savio (with F. Venditti),
La mala vita. Lettera di un boss della camorra al figlio
, Milan, 2006. This camorrista close to Cutolo is the source for Cutolo’s challenge to ’o Malommo and his aptitudes as a ‘talent scout’, pp. 35–37.

La Stampa
: on Cutolo’s first murder, ‘Sfiora una ragazza con l’auto, provoca un litigio e uccide il paciere’, 26/2/1963 and ‘Ergastolo all’automobilista che uccise a rivoltellate un passante dopo un incidente’, 29/12/1965; on Cutolo as drug-dealer, ‘Dirigevano dal manicomio il traffico di stupefacenti’, 13/10/1974.

PART X: THE SLAUGHTER

55. Blood orgy

P. Allum and F. Allum, ‘The resistible rise of the new Neapolitan Camorra’, in S. Gundle and S. Parker (eds),
The New Italian Republic
, London, 1996. More than 900 died in the camorra wars of 1979–83, p. 238.

L. Brancaccio, ‘Guerre di camorra: i clan napoletani tra faide e scissioni’, in G. Gribaudi (ed.),
Traffici criminali. Camorra, mafie e reti internazionali dell’illegalità
, Turin, 2009.

For deeper analysis of numbers:

Commissione parlamentare antimafia, Camorra e politica: relazione approvata dalla Commissione il 21 dicembre 1993
, Rome, 1994. For the estimate of murders between 1981 and 1990, p. 3.

E. Deaglio,
Raccolto rosso: la mafia, l’Italia e poi venne giù tutto
, Milan, 1995. Estimate of total deaths in mafia wars and comparison with N. Ireland, p. 9.

P. Hofmann, ‘Italy gets tough with the mafia’,
New York Times
, 13/11/1983. For the opinions of Alberto Moravia.

F. Messina, ‘Cosa Nostra trapanese: gli anni del dominio corleonese’, unpublished PhD chapter, 2011.

Sutton Index of Deaths
. Online resource for calculating number of victims in the Northern Ireland Troubles:
http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/
.

‘Palermo capitale mondiale dell’eroina’,
La Stampa
, 10/10/1981. ‘Blood orgy’.

‘Altro omicidio ieri a Palermo’,
La Stampa
, 31/12/1982. ‘Don’t die!’

The figures for the number of dead are from various dates in
La Stampa
.

56. The New Family: A group portrait

Corte di Assise di Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Sentenza contro Abbate Antonio, + 129, ‘Sentenza Spartacus’, 15/9/2005.

S. De Gregorio,
I nemici di Cutolo
, Naples, 1983. ‘ . . . many of the crimes carried out by Umberto Ammaturo were, in reality, dreamed up in her head’, p. 38; ‘If Cutolo was here instead of me, you wouldn’t be making such a racket’, p. 33.

L. Gay, ‘L’atteggiarsi delle associazioni mafiose sulla base delle esperienze processuali acquisite: la camorra’,
Quaderni del Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura
, 99, 1996.

C. Longrigg,
Mafia women
, London, 1997.

D.A. Maradona,
El Diego
, London, 2004 (original edn 2000). ‘I admit it was a seductive world’, pp. 98–9.

M. Marmo, ‘La rima amore/onore di Pupetta Maresca. Una primadonna nella camorra degli anni cinquanta’,
Meridiana
, 67, 2010.

I. Sales,
Le strade della violenza: malviventi e bande di camorra a Napoli
, Naples, 2006. ‘One day the people of Campania will understand that a crust of bread eaten in freedom’ and ‘In my eyes they were “half
mafiosi
”’, p. 154; ‘In Forcella it isn’t possible to live without breaking the state’s laws’, p. 173.

‘Ucciso e mutilato un uomo di Cutolo’,
La Stampa
, 22/1/1982. ‘Demented, diabetic fanatic’.

‘Pupetta Maresca sfida il “boss” Cutolo’,
La Stampa
, 14/2/1982.

‘Il boss replica alla Maresca’,
L’Unita
, 20/2/1982. ‘Maybe Pupetta said those things to attract attention.’

‘Morti ammazzati 515 e 130 desaparacidos di lupara’,
Stampa Sera
, 7/1/1983. On 364 killed; Annamaria Esposito murder.

‘Maradona alle nozze del boss’,
L’Unità
, 14/3/1989.

‘“Bambulella,” il camorrista decapitato. Dopo 27 anni trovati i suoi assassini’,
Corriere del Mezzogiorno
, 13/2/2009.

57. Catastrophe economy

F. Barbagallo,
Napoli fine Novecento: politici, camorristi, imprenditori
, Turin, 1997.

F. Barbagallo,
Il potere della camorra (1973–1998)
, Turin, 1999.

J. Chubb, ‘Three earthquakes: political response, reconstruction and the institutions: Belice (1968), Friuli (1976), Campania (1980)’, in J. Dickie, J. Foot, and F.M. Snowden (eds),
Disastro! Disasters in Italy Since 1860: culture, politics, society
, Palgrave, 2002.

Commissione parlamentare antimafia, Camorra e politica: relazione approvata dalla Commissione il 21 dicembre 1993
, Rome, 1994. On Cirillo and patronage, p. 135; ‘to demonstrate to Cutolo that he was finished’, p. 165.

I. Sales,
La camorra le camorre
, (2nd edn), Rome, 1993. ‘I’m not ruling out the fact that bumping him off would have been a pleasure for me’, p. 80.

R. Saviano,
Gomorra: viaggio nell’impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della camorra
, Milano, 2006. On the lasting resonance of
Il camorrista
, p. 275.

M. Travaglio, ‘Un altro martire’, blog from
www.voglioscendere.ilcannocchiale.it
, 10/8/2008. For the extracts from judge’s ruling on Gava.

La Storia Siamo Noi: Il caso Cirillo
. TV documentary containing many interviews with protagonists at
www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntate/il-caso-cirillo/798/default.aspx
. ‘At number 275, Riviera di Chiaia, under a rubbish bin, you will find communiqué number one.’