Byrne's Dictionary of Irish Local History (65 page)

yeoman
. 1: A prosperous tenant 2: A prosperous tenant who held land in freehold.

Yeomanry Corps.
An almost exclusively Protestant military force of voluntary part-timers established in 1796 (37 Geo. III, c. 2) by the
lord lieutenant
, Earl Camden, to shore up the inadequacies of the politically and religiously unreliable
militia
and to replace the regulars who had been drafted abroad to meet the French threat. Heavily infiltrated by Orangemen, the yeomanry corps had a propensity to engage in sectarian outrages and earned a reputation for brutality and indiscipline during the 1798 rebellion. In 1830, after a ten-year lapse, the yeomanry corps was revived to meet the challenges of the
tithe
war but its re-emergence inflamed rather than eased tensions and it was disbanded in 1834. (Blackstock,
An ascendancy army
; Morton, ‘The rise', pp. 58–64.)

yoke
. A short cross-beam upon which a
purlin
rests. It was fixed to the roof trusses just below the apex.
See
cruck.

Young, Arthur
(1741–1820). An influential English agriculturalist and writer, Young's own excursions into farming and estate management proved, paradoxically, unprofitable. He toured Ireland in 1776 and from 1777 was employed as agent to Lord Kingsborough in Co. Cork for two years. His
A tour in Ireland
, a two-volume travel book containing a wide-ranging commentary on contemporary Irish agriculture, was published in 1780. Young used official sources as well as personal observations and records compiled as he progressed through 29 counties of Ireland. In some instances his vision of Ireland is fanciful but he was scathing of the evils of landlordism and advocated the creation of new employment opportunities to counter the losses which attended the spread of pasture. (Young,
A tour in Ireland
.)

Young Ireland
(1842–48). Founded in the early 1840s by Thomas Davis, John Blake Dillon and Charles Gavan Duffy, Young Ireland was a mainly middle-class, non-sectarian, repeal movement which proposed a nationality embracing all creeds, classes and races within Ireland. Young Irelanders aimed to create internal union and external independence. The chief vehicle for the dissemination of Young Ireland ideals was the
Nation
newspaper. Initially the Young Irelanders were members of the
National Repeal Association
but they became disenchanted with Daniel O'Connell's attitude to federalism (a local legislature dealing with domestic affairs but subordinate to Westminster), his stance on the
Queen's Colleges
bill and his renunciation of the use of force. They seceded in 1846 to establish the Irish Confederation when O'Connell required members of the Repeal Association to eschew the use of physical force. Sparked by news of the French revolution in February 1848 the Young Irelanders launched into the single engagement ‘battle of Ballingary' (‘the battle of Widow McCormack's cabbage patch') in July, a fiasco that resulted in the transportation or flight abroad of the movement's leaders. Although the movement had little popular or clerical support, was poorly structured and fizzled out miserably, Young Ireland bequeathed a legacy of romantic nationalism to later generations. (Davis,
The Young Ireland
.)

Young Ulster
. A secret organisation, founded by Frederick Crawford in 1892 to oppose home rule for Ireland, which enjoyed a brief existence before being swallowed up by larger anti-home rule bodies. Membership was open only to those who possessed a gun and 100 rounds of ammunition. In 1913 Crawford became a founder member of the Ulster Volunteer Force.

Zoilomastix
. (1625–6) An attack by layman and soldier Philip O'Sullivan Beare on the writings of
Giraldus Cambrensis
and
Richard Stanihurst
on Ireland, Zoilomastix also contains important biographical detail of an ecclesiastical nature. The original is preserved in the University Library, Upsala, Sweden. (O'Donnell,
Selections
.)

Aalen, F. H., Whelan, Kevin and Stout, Matthew (eds),
An atlas of the Irish rural landscape
(Cork, 1997).

‘Abstracts of decrees of the court of claims for the trial of innocents' in
PRI rep. DK,
19, appendix v (1887).

Acheson, Alan,
A history of the Church of Ireland, 1691–1996
(Dublin, 1997).

Adams, I. H.,
Agrarian landscape terms: a glossary for historical geography
(London, 1976).

Akenson, Donald H., ‘Pre-university education, 1870–1921' in Vaughan, W. E. (ed.),
A new history of Ireland,
vi (Oxford, 1996).

—
The Irish education experiment
(Dublin, 1970).

—
The Church of Ireland: ecclesiastical reform and revolution, 1800–1885
(New Haven and London, 1971).

Alcock, N. W.,
Old title deeds
(Sussex, 1986).

Almqvist, Bo, ‘The Irish Folklore Commission: achievement and legacy' in
Béaloideas
, 45–7 (1977–9).

Ancient Irish histories: the works of Spencer, Campion, Hanmer and Marlborough,
i (repr., 2 vols, New York, 1970).

Andrews, J. H.,
Plantation acres: an historical study of the Irish land surveyor and his maps
(Omagh, 1985).

— ‘The French school of Dublin land surveyors' in
Ir. Geography
, v (1967).

—
History in the ordnance map: an introduction for Irish readers
(Dublin, 1974).

—
A paper landscape: the ordnance survey in nineteenth-century Ireland
(Oxford, 1975).

—
Shapes of Ireland: maps and their makers, 1564–
(Dublin, 1997).

Appleby, John C. and O'Dowd, Mary, ‘The Irish admiralty: its organisation and development c.1570–1640' in
IHS
, xxiv, no. 95 (1985), pp. 299–320.

Armagh Register.
Chart, D. A. (ed.),
The register of John Swayne ... 1418–1439
(Belfast, 1935); Lawlor, H. J. (ed.), ‘A calendar of Archbishop Fleming' in
RIA Proc.
, xxx, C, no. 5 (Dublin, 1912), pp. 94–190; Murray, L. P. (continued by Aubrey Gwynn), ‘Archbishop Cromer's register' in
Louth Arch. Soc. Jn.
, vi–x (1926–44); Quigley, W. G. H. and Roberts, E. F. D. (eds),
Registrum Iohannis Mey, the register of John Mey, archbishop of Armagh 1443–1456
(Belfast, 1977); Smith, Brendan (ed.),
The register of Milo Sweetman ... 1361–1380
(IMC, Dublin, 1996); Sughi Mario Alberto (ed.),
Registrum Octaviani alias Liber Niger; the register of Octavian de Palation, archbishop of Armagh, 1478–1513
(IMC, Dublin, 2000).

Arnold, L. J.,
The Restoration land settlement in county Dublin, 1660–1688
(Dublin, 1993).

— ‘The Irish court of claims of 1663' in
IHS
, xxiv, no. 96 (1984–5).

Asplin, P. W. A.,
Medieval Ireland, c. 1170–1495
(Dublin, 1971).

Atkinson, Robert (ed.),
The book of Ballymote
(Dublin, 1887).

— (ed.),
The Yellow Book of Lecan
(Dublin, 1896).

Barnes, Jane,
Irish industrial schools 1868–1908: origin and development
(Dublin, 1989).

Barrow, L.,
The round towers of Ireland
(Dublin, 1979).

Barry, John, ‘Guide to the records of the Genealogical Office, Dublin, with a commentary on heraldry in Ireland and on the history of the office' in
Anal. Hib.,
26 (1970).

— ‘The appointment of coarb and erenagh' in
IER
, 5th. ser., xciii (1960).

Bartlett, Thomas, ‘Defenders and Defenderism in 1795' in
IHS
, xxiv, no. 94 (May 1985).

—
The fall and rise of the Irish nation: the Catholic question, 1690–1830
(Dublin, 1992).

Bartlett, Thomas and Jeffrey, Keith (eds),
A military history of Ireland
(Cambridge, 1996).

Beames, Michael, ‘Cottiers and conacre in pre-famine Ireland' in
Journal of Peasant Studies
, ii (1975).

—
Peasants and power: the Whiteboy movement and their control in pre-famine Ireland
(Brighton, 1983).

Beckett, J. C.,
Protestant dissent in Ireland, 1687–1
780 (London, 1946).

Begley, Donal F. (ed.),
Irish genealogy: a record finder
(Dublin, 1981).

Belmore.
Commission on manual and practical instruction in primary schools under the Board of National Education in Ireland: Final report of the commissioners,
HC 1898 [C.8923] XLIV.

Bergin, Osborn, ‘Pairlement Chloinne Tomáis' in
Gadelica
, i (1912–13).

Berry, H. F., ‘Proceedings in the matter of the custom called tolboll, 1308 and 1385; ‘St Thomas' abbey v. some early Dublin brewers, &c.' in
RIA Proc
., xxviii, C, no. 10 (1910).

— (ed.),
Register of wills and inventories of the diocese of Dublin 1457–1483
(Dublin, 1896–7).

— (ed.),
Statutes and ordinances and acts of the parliament of Ireland, King John to Henry V
(Dublin, 1907).

— (ed.),
Statute rolls of the parliament of Ireland, first to the twelfth years of the reign of King Edward the fourth
(Dublin, 1914).

— (ed.),
Statute rolls of the parliament of Ireland, reign of Henry the sixth
(Dublin, 1910).

Bessborough.
Report of Her Majesty's commission of inquiry into the working of the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870, and the acts amending the same,
HC 1881 [C2779] XVIII. I;
Minutes of evidence,
pt I, HC 1881 [C2779] XVIII. 73;
Minutes of evidence
, pt II, HC 1881 [C2779] XIX. I;
Index to minutes of evidence and appendices
, HC 1881 [C2779] XIX. 825.

Best, R. I., Bergin, Osborn and O'Brien, M. A. (eds), T
he Book of Leinster, formerly Lebar na Nua chongbala
(5 vols, Dublin, 1954–67).

Best, R. I. and McNeill, E. (eds),
The annals of Innisfallen
(Dublin, 1933).

Bew, Paul,
Land and the national question 1858–82
(Dublin, 1978).

Binchy, D. A. (ed.),
Críth Gablach
(Dublin, 1941).

Blackstock, Alan,
An ascendancy army: the Irish yeomanry, 1796–1834
(Dublin, 1998).

Bolster, E., ‘A landgable roll of Cork city' in
Collect. Hib.,
xiii (1970).

Bolton, G. C.,
The passing of the Irish act of union: a study in parliamentary politics
(Oxford, 1966).

Bottigheimer, Karl S.,
English money and Irish land: the ‘adventurers' in the Cromwellian settlement
(London, 1975).

Bourke, P. M. Austin, ‘Notes on some agricultural units of measurement in use in pre-famine Ireland' in
IHS
, xiv, no. 55 (1964–5).

Bowen, Desmond
, Souperism: myth or reality
(Cork, 1970).

—
Paul Cardinal Cullen and the shaping of modern Irish Catholicism
(Dublin, 1983).

—
The Protestant crusade in Ireland, 1800–1870
(Dublin, 1978).

Boyle, K., ‘Police in Ireland before the Union' in
Ir. Jurist,
viii (1973).

Bradshaw, Brendan,
The dissolution of the religious orders in Ireland under Henry VIII
(Cambridge, 1974).

Brand, Paul, ‘The early history of the legal profession of the lordship of Ireland, 1250– 1350' in Hogan, V. and Osborough, W. N. (eds),
Brehons, serjeants and attorneys: studies in the history of the legal profession
(Dublin, 1990).

Brannon, Nick, ‘The built heritage and the local historian' in Gillespie, Raymond and Hill, Myrtle (eds),
Doing local history: pursuit and practice
(Belfast, 1998).

Brewer, John D.,
The Royal Irish Constabulary: an oral history
(Belfast, 1990).

Bright, Kevin, ‘Reflections on the RDS, 1731–2001' in
DHR
, lvi, no. 1 (Spring, 2003).

Broderick, David,
An early toll-road – the Dublin–Dunleer turnpike, 1731–1855
(Dublin, 1996).

Brook, E. St John (ed.),
Register of the hospital of St John the Baptist without the New Gate, Dublin
(Dublin, 1936).

— (ed.),
The Irish cartularies of Llanthony Prima and Llanthony Secunda
(Dublin, 1955).

Buckley, Anthony B. and Anderson, T. Kenneth,
Brotherhoods in Ireland
(Cultra, 1988).

Buckley, K. L., ‘The Irish Land Commission as a source of historical evidence' in
IHS
, viii, no. 29 (1952).

Burke, Peter,
The French historical revolution: the Annales school, 1929–89
(Cambridge, 1990).

Caldicott, C. E. J., Gough, H. and Pittion, J–P. (eds),
The Huguenots and Ireland: anatomy of an emigration
(Dublin, 1987).

Calendar of state papers preserved in the Public Record Office, domestic series, 1547–1695
(81 vols, London, 1856–1972).

Calendar of state papers relating to Ireland, 1509–1670
(24 vols, London, 1860– 1912).

Calendar of the Carew manuscripts preserved in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, 1515– 1624
(6 vols, London, 1867–73).

Cambrensis, Giraldus,
Expugnatio Hibernica, the conquest of Ireland
(edited by Scott, A. B. and Martin, F. X., Dublin, 1978).

—
Topographia Hiberniae
(translated by John J. O'Meara (Mounrath, 1982).

Canny, Nicholas, ‘The flight of the earls, 1607' in
IHS
, xvii, no. 67 (1970–1).

—
The formation of the Old English elite in Ireland
(Dublin, 1975).

Carleton,
S. T., Heads and hearths: the hearth money rolls and poll tax returns for county Antrim 1660–69
(Belfast, 1991).

Casey, Michael, ‘The most illustrious order of St Patrick' in
DHR
, xliv, no. 2 (Autumn, 1991).

Chandler, Edward,
Photography in Ireland
(Dublin, 2001).

Clark, Mary and Refaussé, Raymond (eds),
Directory of historic Dublin guilds
(Dublin, 1993).