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Authors: George M. Taber
Chasing Gold: The Incredible Story of How the Nazis Stole Europe's Bullion (75 page)
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Named simply #8: U.S. Army interrogations of Albert Thoms and Ernst Funtmann. NACP Record Group.331, File 940.401, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
12.
Gold was $256 million: Arthur L. Smith, Jr.,
Nazi Gold
, p. p. 164.
13.
The smaller shipment:
Ibid
. Second and third Albert Thoms interrogations. NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304.
14.
Sliding into chaos: Veick interrogation. NACP Record Group.331, File 940.401, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
15.
In the morning:
Ibid
.
16.
To distribute currency:
Ibid
.
17.
What tomorrow brings:
Ibid
. Frommknicht and Veick Interrogations. RG 260, 910.304.
18.
Will get far:
Ibid
.
19.
Concentration camp inmates: RG 331, Report G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations 9 April to 22 April 1945.
20.
Tons of German gold: BHM, 335. BLI, Luisa Funk Statement.
21.
Rebuild the country:
Ibid
. Karl Bernd Esser,
Hitlers Gold
, p. 286.
22.
The weekend before:
The Goebbels Diaries
, pp. 320-321.
23.
And other currencies: Bernard Bernstein Oral History July 23, 1975, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
24.
Left for Frankfurt:
Ibid
.
25.
After the war. NACP Record Group.331, File 940.401, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
26.
Left in Berlin: Veick Interrogation. April 12, 1945. NACP Record Group.331, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations. Karl Friedrich interrogation, NACP RG 331 Folder 940.4601.
27.
Ignored the request: Bernard Bernstein Oral History July 23, 1975, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
28.
Fall in place: Oral History Interview with Bernard Bernstein, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
29.
Ripped during transport: Robert S. Edsel,
The Monuments Men
, pp. 290-295.
30.
Responsible for manuscripts:
Ibid
., pp. 295-297.
31.
Above ground again: Greg Bradsher,
Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure
, p. 15.
32.
Bars in America: George S. Patton, Jr.,
War As I Knew It
, p. 292.
33.
The brass agreed:
Ibid
.
34.
A bit sick: Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Dear General
, p. 223.
35.
Got an answer: Omar N. Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p.540-541.
36.
Conduct of the war: George S. Patton, Jr.
War as I Knew It
, pp. 288-295. Omar N. Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 537-541.
37.
The captured gold: Albert Thoms first interrogation. NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304.
38.
$20 gold coins: Bernstein Report to Brig. Gen. F.J. McSherry, April 18, 1945. G-4. /390/46/9/2. Function in ETOUSA Operations.
39.
Escort for Frankfurt: Bernstein Report 18 April 1945.
Ibid
.
40.
Outside of Fort Knox: James Stewart Martin,
All Honorable Men
, pp.73-74.
41.
Nixed the idea: Jean Edward Smith,
Eisenhower in War and Peace
, p. 738.
42.
Seventy-eight shipments: Bernstein Monthly Report on Financial Aspects of the Allied Occupation of Germany, April 1945. NACP Record Group.331, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations. NACP RG 331, SHAEF, 1/13. April 14, 1945. Bernstein Report to C/S Third Army.
43.
The Bavarian forest: GFA #20486, pp. 180-183. #20546, 007-105.
44.
Their gold content: Bernstein letter to General Lucius Clay, August 19, 1945. NACP Record Group.331, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
45.
The Nazi gold: NACP RG, 332. ETO. SGS 123/2 Nixon to Bernstein.
46.
Value at $256 million. NACP REG 260, Entry Finance, Box 440, file 940.60.43.
47.
Was ever charged: Robert M. Edsel,
The Monuments Men
, p. 300.
48.
In Nazi gold: Antony Beevor,
Berlin the Downfall 1945
, p. 406. Arthur L. Smith, Jr.,
Hitler’s Gold
, p. 164.
CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: THE GÖTTERDÄMMERUNG OF GOLD
1.
The last 24 hours: Hugh Trevor-Roper,
The Goebbels Diaries
, p. 296
2.
Were learning Russian: Antony Beevor,
Berlin The Downfall 1945
, pp.188-191.
3.
Do what you want: David Irving,
Göring
, p. 460.
4.
Night of March 29-30: Ronald W. Zweig,
The Gold Train
, p. 91.
5.
In the transfer: NACP RG 260, File “History of the Hungarian Gold.” Letter Bernard Bernstein to Lucius Clay August 19, 1945. NACP RG 260/390/46/9/2, box 424.
6.
Stored in the Vatican: Report of Croatian Delegation, London Gold Conference, p. 242.
U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina et. al
. , p. xlvii.
7.
Break Vatican secrecy: Dusan Biber, Yugoslav Monetary Gold 1939-51. London Gold Conference. Supplement to Report of the Croatian Delegation pp. 238-242. William Slany,
U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina et. al
. , p. xlvii-xlviii.
8.
North of Hamburg: Franz Stonnleithner and Hans Schröder interrogation. Report by Herbert Sorter to Samuel Rose. NND 775057 Fold3 Image #291842964.
9.
Soldiers arrested him: Kenneth Alford and Theodore Savas,
Nazi Millionaires
, p. 96.
10.
Town in Austria: NACP RG 260 940.304 Melmer file.
11.
50,000 gold francs: Kenneth Alford and Theodore Svas,
Nazi Millionaires
, p. 96.
12.
Despite Allied pressure: Thomas H. McKittrick Papers, Harvard University Business School Library: Series 2. Carton 6/25.
13.
Enemy-occupied territory:
Ibid
.
14.
Tons of gold: Munich Justice investigation, August Strobl statement.
15.
Village of Bad Tölz: BHM, 335, Käthe Miesen statement.
16.
Thousand gold bars: BHM, 335 BLI Netzeband report. BHM Luisa Funk testimony.
17.
Store the gold: BHM, 335. BLI Bernhard Miesen statement.
18.
The two bars: BHM, 335 BLI Reichsbank Secretary X statement.
19.
South by truck: Karl Bernd Esser,
Hitlers Gold
, p. 312.
20.
On the ground: BHM, 335. Bernhard Miesen statement. conducting detailed inventories.
21.
Conducting detailed inventories: Karl Bernd Esser,
Hitlers Gold
, pp. 313 and 323.
22.
The Neuhauser house: BHM, 335 BLI Gottlieb Berger statement.
23.
Reinforce the hiding places:
Ibid
.
24.
Into the
Walchensee
: BHM, 335, Alois Ziller statement.
25.
Near the lake: Ian Sayer and Douglas Botting,
Nazi Gold
, pp. 46-48.
26.
To the mountains: BHM, 335, Heinz Rüger testimony.
27.
Boxes of jewelry: BHM, 335, Georg Forstreicher and Anton Bräu testimony.
28.
Dollars had disappeared: BHM, 335, BA 20486/000069-77.
Bayerischen Landpolizei
Report.
29.
Charged an American coverup: Henriette von Schirach,
The Price of Glory
. W. Stanley Moss,
Gold Is Where You Hide It
. Ian Sayer and Douglas Botting,
Nazi Gold
. Gold Team Final Report, William J. Clinton Presidential Library.
30.
To Tripartite claimants: Final Report, Trilateral Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold. www.state.gov/s/l/65668.htm. London Gold Conference, p. 811. Gold Team Final Report, p. 9.
CHAPTER THIRTY: THE END OF A SORDID TALE
1.
Cold War had begun: wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement. London Gold Conference, presentation by Gill Bennett, British delegation, p. 689.
2.
Removal to Germany: Paris Conference on Reparations, November and December 1945, Final Report, Part III. NACP RG 84.
3.
To the claimants: William Slany,
U.S. and Allied Wartime ad Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, et al
. p. lvi.
4.
Gold to Switzerland: April 4, 1946 letter from William E. Rappard, head of the Swiss delegation, to U.S. delegation. NACP RG 84.
5.
First quarter of 1944:
Bergier Commission Final Report
, p. 241.
6.
Down to $28 million: Jean Ziegler,
The Swiss, the Gold and the Dead
, p. 200.
U.S. and Allied Wartime ad Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, et al
. p. 172.
7.
Considerations of origin:
Final Gold Report
, Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets, p. 40, William J. Clinton Presidential Library.
8.
Other strategic commodities:
Ibid
., pp. 43-46.
9.
Were mostly Jews: Nazi Gold London Conference, pp. 790-794.
EPILOGUE
1.
World War II gold: http:www.anac-fr.com/2gm/2gm_19.htm.
2.
More than the U.S: Peter L. Bernstein,
The Power of Gold
, pp. 339-345.
3.
For the French attack:
Ibid
. pp. 339-345,
Time
magazine, February 1965.
4.
The new millennium: London Gold Fixing.
5.
Called Brown’s Bottom: Wikipedia, Sale of U.K. gold reserves, 1999–2002.
6.
Reached $1,896.50 an ounce: London Gold Fixing.
7.
Cannot trust governments: Herbert Hoover,
The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover
, p. 390-391.
APPENDICES I, II,
AND
III
1.
Reichsbank Holdings in 1938: Ralf Banken,
Edelmetallmangel und Groβraubwritschaft
, p. 241.
2.
Seizure of Central Bank Gold: Tripartite Claims;
Final Report of the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold Commission
(NACP RG 59, Entry 5382 [201538-546]; country Tripartite claims and adjudication, William Slany,
U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey on Looted Gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns About the Fate of the Wartime Ustasha Treasury
; Eduard Kubu,
Czechoslovak Gold Reserves and Their Surrender to Nazi Germany
, London Gold Conference.
3.
Bank Recipients of Nazi Gold During World War II:
Bergier Commission,
Interim Report on Gold.
4.
Sales to Private Suisse Private Banks in 1940-1941:
Ibid
.
5.
Sales to the Swiss National Bank (1940-1945):
Ibid
.
6.
Other Nazi Gold Sales:
Ibid
, London Gold Conference, p. 514.
7.
Reichsbank Gold Holdings at the End of World War II: Howard Report, September 6, 1945, NACP RG 59 Files 940.92 and 940.60.
8.
Total Nazi Gold Trade 1938-1945: Howard Report, September 6, 1945, NACP RG 59 Files 940.92 and 940.60.
9.
Gold Recovered in Germany in 1945: William Slany,
U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, etc
. Interrogation of Karl Friedrich Wilhelm, NACP RG 59 Files 940.92 and 940.60.
10.
Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold: Tripartite Commission national case adjudications.
BOOK: Chasing Gold: The Incredible Story of How the Nazis Stole Europe's Bullion
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