Choque: The Untold Story of Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil 1856-1949 (Volume 1) (79 page)

9.
Sport Illustrado
3-4-41 no. 156. p. 11: “
Yano, o jovem japonez discipulo do Conde Koma, que é mestre nas quedas, empolgou a assistencia com a sua maneira, apparentemente facil, de tombar George Gracie, seu valoroso contendor brasileiro. E se não fosse a calma e perfeita defensiva de Gracie, por certo Yano sehiria vencedor.”
And
“Todas estas quedas podem ser seguidas de immediato e novo ataque na lona
”.

10.
Correio de S. Paulo
14-4-34 [“….
da vinda um luctador de jiu-jitsu, alumno do conde de Koma, se acha actualmente no Pará….esse japonez é um profundo conhecedor da lucta nipponica e que poderá fazer successo em nossos rings, contra os mais destacados elementos
”].

11.
Correio Paulistano
6-10-39.

12.
Diario de Noticias
4-9-41.

13. The “
nascimento
” [birth] announcement appeared in
Correio Paulistano
on Saturday March 29. “
Filho
” means “junior”, or a son with the same first name as his father. Brazilians used both words.

14.
Diario de Noticias
26-9-41.

15.
Diario de Noticias
27-9-41.

16.
Diario de Noticias
4-10-41.

17.
O Radical
24-9-41.

18.
Diario de Noticias
4-10-41.

19.
Diario de Noticias
28-9-41.

20.
Diario de Noticias
5-10-41.

21.
Diario de Noticias
5-10-41.

22. They had been murdering East Europeans since 1933 (Snyder 2011).

23. Bullock, 1991.

24.
Diario Carioca
18-11-41.

25.
Vida Domestica
, November 1941, p. 66-A.

26. Kohyama, 1997, p. 214. To be more precise, Ko
hyama says that an unnamed Brazilian magazine said that Koma said
“
日本の水が飲みた
い.
、日本に帰りた
い
”].

.

Chapter 22

1942-1945

1.
A Noite
19-1-42.

2.
Correio da Manha
20-1-42.

3.
A Noite
29-1-42.

4.
Esportes Illustrado
11-6-42, p. 19 by Roberval Rodrigues.

5.
Esportes Illustrado
11-6-42.

6. Gracie 2008, chp. 19.

7.
Gazete de Noticias
13-3-43.

8.
Gazeta de Noticias
21-3-43.

9.
Gazeta de Noticias
9-4-43.

10.
Diario de Noticias
22-5-43; 23-5-43.

11.
A Noite
28-9-43;
Esportes Illustrado
11-6-42 [“
Eurico Rocha entrou com uma queixa-crime contra a seu antigo pupilo
”].

12. See chapter 19.

13.
Diario da Noite
7-9-43 [“
contraria aos interesses do verdadeiro jiu-jitsu
”].

14.
Diario da Noite
7-9-43 [“
Não se conhece o bom professor de jiu-jitsu lutando. Até nisso Helio demonstra em publica que não é o technico que se diz; A pessoa pode ser um bom lutador, mas um mau professor…Helio não saiba as boas qualidades de um bom technico de jiu-jitsu”
].

15.
Diario da Noite
7-9-43. Manoel Rocha fought Carlos Pereira on October 4, 1941. Maia mentioned a re-match with Rocha, implying that they fought at least once, and possibly twice in (probably) 1943.

16.
Diario da Noite
1-10-43.

17. McCann, 1995, note 3.

18. McCann, 1995.

19.
A Noite
28-9-43.

20.
Brazil was far from unique in this regard. The loyalties of people of enemy nations was a concern in every country on both sides of the conflict.

21.
A Noite
15-10-43.

22.
Diario da Noite
29-12-43;
Gazeta de Noticias
30-12-43.

23.
Diario Carioca
12-8-44; 29-8-44.

24. Latorre de Faria definitely studied jiu-jitsu with Jose Barbosa (
A Noite
26-8-32). According to Andrade de Melo 2008, he also studied with Geo Omori.

25.
Diario de Noticias
31-3-46.

26. Andrade de Melo 2008.

27.
Diario de Noticias
10-11-44.

28.
Correio da Manha
6-3-45.

29.
Diario de Noticias
6-9-45.

30. See chapter 21.

.

Chapter 23

1946

1. Bullock 1991.

2. McCann 1995.

3. White 1942; Tsuda 2001.

4. Riechl 1995, pp. 43.

5. Rocha, 2008; Tsuda 2001.

6. See
Choque
Volume 2, forthcoming.

7.
Jornal de Noticias,
24-7-46.

8. See
Choque
Volume 2, forthcoming.

9.
Jornal de Noticias
24-7-46.

10. J
ornal de Noticias
28-7-46.

11.
Jornal de Noticias
2-8-46.

12.
Mundo Esportivo
18-10-46;
Jornal de Noticias
24-10-46 [“Yano
perdendo por nocaute
”].

13.
Mundo Esportivo
18-10-46.

14.
Jornal de Noticias
23-8-46.

15.
Jornal de Noticias
28-8-46.

16.
Jornal de Noticias
25-9-46.

17.
Jornal de Noticias
3-10-46;
Mundo Esportivo
11-10-46.

18.
A Noite
9-10-46; 12-10-46; 14-10-46;
Diario de Noticias
12-10-46; 13-10-46.

19.
Jornal de Noticias
17-10-46.

20. Mundo Esportivo
18-10-46;
Jornal de Noticias
23-10-46.

21.
Jornal de Noticias
30-10-46.

22.
A Noite
15-11-46 [“
mais tarde soube-se que o heroico salvador fora o professor de cultura fisica Helio Gracie
”]. The incident later became part of the “Gracie myth”. According to Pat Jordan’s 1989
Playboy
article about Rorion Gracie, “Once, Helio dived into the turbulent, shark-infested Atlantic Ocean to save a man from drowning and was given his nation’s Medal of Honour for his heroism” (The medal of honor [the
Honra ao Merito
displayed in the Gracie Academy], was dated April 9, 1952. and was awarded by the Standard Oil Company). According to Rorion Gracie’s 2006
A História do Gracie Jiu-Jitsu,
the superman [
super-homem
] Helio Gracie won the medal of Honor [
medalha de Honra ao Mérito
] by jumping into a shark-infested Atlantic Ocean to save a drowning man [
pular nas águas infestadas de tubarões
]. Reila Gracie (2008, p. 219-220), adds a previously unmentioned detail. After quoting an interview with Helio published in
Correio de Ceará
on March 27, 1947, she reveals that Carlos Gracie was also on the ship. Carlos was unable to save the man himself, because he was sea-sick, but persuaded Helio to do it by foretelling that the sharks would not attack him. The original
A Noite
article did not mention anything about sharks or oceanic turbulence, but perhaps jumping into the ocean to save a stranger is heroic enough by everyday standards. Research shows that most people would do nothing, even when there is no risk to themselves (let alone sharks) which is why it is newsworthy when someone does do something.

23.
Jornal de Noticias
4-12-46.

24.
Mundo Esportivo
20-12-46;
Jornal de Noticias
19-12-46; 20-12-46.

25. Masuda 2011, p. 335.

.

Chapter 24

1947

1.
Jornal de Noticias
8-1-47.

2.
Correio da Manha
10-1-47.

3.
Jornal de Noticias
15-1-47.

4.
Jornal de Noticias
18-1-47.

5.
Jornal de Noticias
22-1-47.

6.
Jornal de Noticias
24-1-47.

7.
Mundo Esportivo
7-2-47,

8.
Mundo Esportivo
7-2-47; 21-2-47.

9.
Mundo Esportivo
7-2-47:
Jornal de Noticias
8-2-47.

10.
Jornal de Noticias
26-2-47.

11.
Mundo Esportivo
28-2-47.

12.
Jornal de Noticias
5-3-47.

13.
A Noite
7-3-47.

14.
Jornal de Noticias
8-3-47. It is not unlikely that all of the jiu-jitsu stylists were Ono students. Giro Matsui may have been a variant spelling of Ono’s student Seizo Matsuy. Jin Assahira was probably the same as Jun Assahama.

15.
Diario Carioca
2-12-47.

16.
Esporte Illustrado
11-9-47.

17.
Jornal de Noticias
12-3-47.

18.
Mundo Esportivo
14-3-47

19.
Jornal de Noticias
18-3-47.

20.
Mundo Esportivo
21-3-47.

21.
Jornal de Noticias
, 22-3-47.

22.
Jornal de Noticias
28-3-47.

23.
Jornal de Noticias
1-4-47; 2-4-47.

24.
Mundo Esportivo
18-4-47.

25.
Jornal de Noticias
19-4-47.

26.
Diario de Noticias
3-6-47.

27. Joe Louis successfully and consecutively defended his title 26 times. At the time of his challenge of Joe Louis, Helio Gracie’s career record was twelve matches of various types, winning six, losing one, and drawing five (6-1-5). Two of the matches permitted striking. Neither of the two strikers (Antonio Portugal and Dudú) was remotely of the caliber of Joe Louis. Helio might have beaten Joe Louis, but his reasons for thinking he could were entirely theoretical.

28. Bethell 2010.

29. Roberts 2003, chp. 9.

30.
Jornal de Noticias
4-1-47; 31-1-47.

31.
Jornal de Noticias
25-2-47.

32. If it was true that a Japanese academy certified Helio prior to June 1947, it was not reported before or since.

33.
Lavoura e Comercio
30-7-43. The article said that an “amateur boxer had defeated a jiu-jitsu stylist [“
um ‘boxeur’ amador norte-americano e um praticante de ‘jiu-jitsu’, luta que terminara com a vitoria do primerio
”]. It could not have been referring to the Sam MacVea versus Matsuda fight, because MacVea was a professional boxer.

34.
A Noite
6-6-47.

35.
A Noite
19-6-47.

36. See
Choque
Vol. 2, forthcoming.

37.
Jornal de Noticias
6-7-47; 8-7-47 Braz (also spelled Bras) was a frequent participant in the Pacaembú preliminaries. Godofredo was as well. It is not absolutely certain that the Braz (Bras) was Braz Gomes (or even Braz II). There was an amateur fighter from Portugal named João Braz (
A Manhã
25-11-47; 27-11-47). The “Braz” in question may have been either one, or a third entirely different individual. Jiu-jitsu matches were identified as such, otherwise a luta livre match was assumed. On July 10, Bras faced Miranda, and Godofredo faced Kian. Godofredo confronted Miranda on January 13, 1948 (
Jornal de Noticias
13-1-48).