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Of the many, many people who have provided help, information and support over the years has taken to create this book, I'd particularly like to thank David Beaumont & family; Ints Birzkops; Juliet Brightmore; Rita Britton; Prof. Don Brothwell; Dr. Stephen Buckley; Christine Carruthers; Julie and Adam Chalkley; Prof. Matthew Collins; Dr. Vanessa Corby; James Stevens Cox; Sian Edwards Davies; Dr. David Depraetere; Dr. David Dixon; Nicola Doherty; Mel Dyke; Elaine Edgar; Prof. Earl Ertman; Ceryl Evans; Janice Eyres; Prof. Mahmoud Ezzamel; Vanessa Fell; Alan Fildes and family; Michael Fletcher; Dr. Diane France; Pam and Barry Gidney; Marilyn Griffiths; Lynn & Barry Harper; Dr. Bernard Hephrun; Andrea Hirst-Gee; Kerry Hood; Dr. David Howard; Teresa Hull; Duncan James; Dr. Paula James; Nicola and Michael Jamieson; Dr John Kane; Prof. Barry Kemp; Mary Kershaw; Dr. Sandra Knudsen; Leight Kroeger; Rupert Lancaster; Shirley Lancaster; Duncan Lees; Jackie Ligo; Mark Lucas; Sarah Lucas; Joan Allgrove McDowell; Joan McMahon; Prof. Herwig Maehler; David Moss; Gillian Mosely; Richard Nelson; Prof. Terry O'Connor; Geoffrey Oates; Delia Pemberton; Michael and Jane Pickering; Jan Picton; Rod Poole; Tim Radford; Magdy el-Rashidy; Dr. Howard Reid; Annie Roddam; Carol Rowbotham; Filippo Salamone; Dr. Kip Sambu; Julia Samson; Emma Sargeant; Dr. Nick Saunders; Dr. Otto Schaden; Ian Scorah; Gillian Scott; Phyl and Gordon Semley; Ali Hassan Sheba and family; Bryan Sitch; Alastair Smith; Penny Smith; Alex Tapia; Angela Thomas; Jean Thompson; ‘Tracey'; David and Carole Walker; Alison Walster; Ros Watson; Rowena Webb; Dr. Andy Wilson; Bob Wilson — but most of all, Garry and Susan, Kate, Stephen, Eleanor and Django!

In the spelling of names, the original Greek-style ‘Kleopatra' was amended to the more familiar spelling ‘Cleopatra', although Eurydice is Eurydike, Calfisthenes is Kalfisthenes, Cassander is Kassandros and Berenice is Berenike etc. Alongside the familiar name Julius Caesar, Mark Antony is referred to as Marcus Antonius and Pompey as Pompeius.

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

 

Abedju (Abydos) 137-9

Abu Simbel 15

Abusir 29

Achillas 92, 97, 98, 118-19, 172

Achilles 22, 26, 212

Acoreus 115, 117-18

Acre 154

Acropolis, the 45, 77, 230, 284

Ada, Queen 26

Aegae 21, 24-5, 39
Aegyptiaca
(Hekataios) 17

Aeneas, Prince 97, 112

Aeschylus 81

Africa 170, 172, 174, 225, 230, 256, 271

see also
North

Africa Agathoklea 52

Agathokles 52, 55

Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius 255, 271, 273, 277, 290, 297, 331

Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus Domitius 281, 282, 288-9, 296

Ahhotep 14, 138

Akhenaten 83, 91, 136, 138, 257

Akhmim 136-7

Aktion (Actium) 287, 290, 295, 296, 327

Alban Hills 77, 126 alchemy, in relation to Egyptian rites 130-1

Alemona 155

Alexander IV 38, 40, 151

Alexander Helios 257, 263-4, 273, 275-6, 280, 296, 306-7, 333, 335

Alexander the Great 3, 65, 105, 108, 199, 275, 311, 332, 334, 341

Alexandria

Cleopatra's time in with Caesar 101-22, 129, 135, 153-4

during Cleopatra and Antonius' years together 248-72, 274, 279, 286-9, 296, 299-302, 305-11, 312, 321-4, 328, 3302, 340

during Cleopatra's early years 2-5, 11, 12-13,

during time of Alexander and early Ptolemies 33, 40, 41-2, 46-9, 50, 51, 55, 58, 61-2, 65-8, 74-6, 79-82, 84-6, 145

during time of Caesar 92, 93, 94, 95, 98-9, 156, 158, 163-4, 180, 182, 184, 186, 194, 201, 202, 206, 214, 216-17, 220-1, 227, 228, 235-8

Alexas 280

Amarna 14, 104, 136

Amarna Period 83-4, 136

Amasis 16, 18

Ambracia, Bay of 287

Amenemhat III 134

Amenhotep (Egyptian sage) 144

Amenhotep III 14, 143

Amenophis 5

Amensis 82

Amimetobioi, the 244

Ammonius 195 amulets 93, 140, 149, 157-8, 163, 168, 259, 303-4, 324

Amun

Amun-Ra 89, 162, 218-19

associated with Alexander and Successors 31, 34, 37, 39, 43, 49, 82-3, 144, 145, 258

associated with Cleopatra 86, 162

cult of 14, 33, 83-4, 88-9, 90-1, 247

Amyntas (ruler of Galatia) 262

Amyntas III 21

Ananias (Jewish general) 64

Anaxagoras 17

Anchoes 132

Anemho II 50, 51

Ankhkheperura (Acencheres) 83

Antigonas 38, 40

Anti-Macedonian League 24

Antioch 3, 59, 62, 94, 254, 260, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 273, 339, 340

Antiochos III 53, 55, 56

Antiochos IV 57-8, 59, 243

Antiochus VIII (Grypus) 62-3, 64, 65, 79, 256

Antiochus IX 63, 64, 65

Antiochus X 65

Antipatros (general) 26, 27, 38, 40, 42

Antipatros (minister of Hyrcanus II) 120, 154, 231

Antirrhodos, island of 244, 299

Antistius 209, 210

Antonia (daughter/s of Marcus Antonius) 226, 260, 261, 263, 264, 323, 333

Antonius, Gaius (brother of Marcus Antonius) 223, 227, 229

Antonius, Iullus 255, 263, 331, 333

Antonius, Lucius 231, 254, 255

Antonius, Marcus

alliance with Octavian 223, 225-6, 228-9, 230-1, 255-6, 258

meeting and relationship with Cleopatra 1, 79-80, 235-6, 237, 240-5, 246, 248, 24950, 250-1, 252, 253, 258-9, 263-7

in relation to Caesar 94, 96, 165, 185, 196-7, 203, 205-6, 207-8, 209, 211-13

rivalry with Octavian 221-3, 223-5, 231, 254-5, 260-2, 268, 271-4, 276-9

war against Octavian and death 280-91, 295-300, 305-14, 320, 332, 333

Antyllus, Marcus Antonius 255, 261, 263, 272, 279-80, 299, 306, 311-12, 331, 333, 334

Anubis 5, 135, 173, 174, 228, 288, 302

Apamea 268

Aphrodite

Aphrodite-Isis 44, 118, 127, 186, 235, 237-8, 264

Aphrodite Ourania 136, 338

Aphrodite-Venus 116, 118, 162, 199, 205, 250

Aphrodite Zephritis (Lady of Winds) 46, 48

associated with Successors of Alexander 50, 52, 64

Cleopatra as 3, 118, 186, 199, 205, 235-6, 237-9, 249, 251, 252, 339

goddess of 44, 96, 105, 116, 127, 162, 186, 250, 251, 259, 338

see also
Hathor; Venus

Aphroditopolis 132

Apis bull 18, 19, 29, 51, 61, 90, 93, 131, 145, 220, 253, 324

see also
Bucchis bull; Mnevis bull; sacred bull;

Sakkara: Apis rites; Serapis

Apollo 48, 183, 222, 248, 274, 328

Apollodorus 101, 103

Apollonius (medical expert) 81

Appian (Roman historian) 125

Appian Way 181, 198, 199

Apuleius 335

Arcesilaus 197

Archelaos I 21

Archelaos (consort of Berenike IV) 79, 262

Archelaos Sisinnes 262

Archelaus of Cappadocia 332

Archibius (Horemakhbyt) 323

Aristander 33

Aristobulus 269

Aristotle 22-3, 35, 39, 41, 47, 81, 182, 201, 253, 336

Armenia 270-1, 273, 274, 275, 333

Arrhidaios, Philip 22, 25, 38, 40

Arsineion, the 48

Arsinoe I 21, 23

Arsinoe II 42-6, 48-9, 54, 80, 82, 86, 87, 104, 128, 151, 163, 216

Arsinoe III 52, 53, 54, 67, 125

Arsinoe IV 73, 76, 80, 113, 114, 115, 119, 1534, 172, 214, 215, 227, 232, 241, 300

Art of Love
(Ovid)

Artakama 42

Artavasdes, of Armenia 270-1, 273, 296, 333

Artemidorus 209

Artemis 26, 78, 97, 102, 127, 155, 183, 231, 241

Asia Minor 3, 12, 14,18, 24, 26, 28, 38, 77, 102, 117, 173, 227, 230, 254, 260, 262, 289, 339, 340

Asia Minor, fall of to Rome 12

Askalon 96, 238

Askelon 267

Asklepios 41, 64, 186

astrology 81, 258

Aswan 33, 51, 150, 325, 327

Athena 26, 230, 260, 264, 279, 287, 328

see also
Minerva Athenaeus of Naukrati 117

Athens

Cleopatra in 3, 77, 260, 264, 284, 287, 297

Marcus Antonius in 90, 230, 242, 255, 260, 264, 266, 272, 284, 286-7, 297

in relation to Juba II 338, 339

in time of Alexander and early Ptolemies 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 45, 66, 117

Athribis 65, 136

Atticus 195

Auletes (Ptolemy XII)

Cleopatra's journey to Rome with 95, 108, 133, 180, 181-2, 263, 274

last will and testament of 99, 113, 121

memorials to 137, 147, 152, 166, 219, 244

reign of 68-9, 73-86, 96, 106, 114, 117, 125, 129, 139, 142, 218, 275

Aurelian 340

Ay (fourteenth-century
BC
pharaoh) 19, 138

 

Baalbek 268

Bacchae, The
(Euripides) 21

Balas 59

Balbus 204

Balm of Gilead 268

barracks, Roman 190

Basilica of Julia 201

Bastet 28, 59

bathing facilities, Rome 186-7, 190

beauty, Cleopatra's 104-5, 236

Bellona (goddess of war) 199, 287

Berenice, Princess 256

Berenike I 42, 43, 45, 54

Berenike II 50-1, 52, 54, 56, 67, 87, 166, 173, 189, 230

Berenike III 64, 65, 66, 67

Berenike LV 69, 73, 76, 77, 78-9, 78, 262

Berenike, eldest daughter of Taimhotep and the high priest Pasherenptah III 256

Berlin Head, the 199

Bes (dwarf god) 140, 155, 158, 167, 219

Biga, island of 152

Bilistiche of Argos 49

Bithyma 107, 111, 173, 230, 262

bitumen trade 268, 280, 299

Blemmyes, the 325

Bogudes 170

Bononia (Bologna) 225, 284

Book of Conducting the Cult, The
148

Book of the Dead 304, 305

Book of the Magical Protection of the Ruler in the Palace
149

Book of Thoth
219, 220

Britain, Caesar's invasion of 108-10

Brundisium (Brindisi) 223, 255-6, 297

Brutus, Lucius Junius 97, 111, 207-8, 209-10, 213, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227-9, 232, 283

Bubastis 28

Bucephalus 26, 197

Buchis bull 13, 58, 88, 142, 145, 298, 303, 324

see also
Apis bull; Mnevis bull; sacred bull burial, of Cleopatra 321-3

 

Caesar, Julius

death and funeral 207-11, 211-13, 215, 2214, 227, 228, 230, 275, 281, 305, 312, 332

memorials to 154, 164, 216-17, 218-19, 222, 226, 255, 280, 311-12, 322, 330

Nile Progress with Cleopatra 125-52

rise of74-6, 78, 85, 94-100, 107-10, 164-75, 203-6, 225, 231, 235, 246, 274, 277, 283

years with Cleopatra 101-7, 110-22, 179206, 237, 238, 239, 241, 248, 264, 282, 284, 300, 314

see also
Caesarion Caesar, Lucius 225, 226

Caesarea (Iol) 296, 333-4, 335, 337, 338

Caesarea Maritima, Caesar's villa at 186-7

Caesareum, the 154, 164, 216-17, 280, 311-12

Caesarion

birth and early years 159-63, 167, 179, 196, 199, 204, 254, 275, 279, 305-6

as co-ruler with Cleopatra 215, 217-19, 221, 226, 244, 270, 276, 297-8

Octavian as threat to 212, 288, 299, 310, 312, 322, 334

paternity 206, 216, 278, 286

calendar, Roman and Egyptian 201-2

Caligula 332, 338, 339

Callimachus of Cyrene 47

Calpurma 111, 121, 185, 194, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 264

Calvisius 285

Cambyses 18

Campus Martius 173, 200, 201, 212, 226, 329, 338

Candace (Amanirenas), Queen 326-7

Canidius Crassus, Publius 270, 273, 282, 283, 289, 295, 300, 311

Canopus (Per-gwati) 31, 242-3, 307

Cape Taenarum 295

Capitoline Hill 77, 171, 199, 201, 210, 327

Caria 52, 254

carpet, legend of Cleopatra being wrapped in 101-4

Casca brothers 210

Cassius (Gaius Cassius Longinus) 97, 207, 210, 213-14, 223-4, 225, 226-9, 232, 241

Cassivellaunus 109

Castor and Pollux 212, 257, 339

Cato, Marcus Porcius 76-7, 170, 172

Catullus 111

Cestius, Gaius 329

Chabrias (Greek general) 19

Chaeremon 332

Chamber of Ancestors 137-8

chariot racing 173

Charmion 87, 157-8, 161, 285, 309, 314-15, 318-19, 322

Chelidon 243

Chelkias (Jewish general) 64

childbirth, Egyptian rites and procedures 154-60

Cicero, Marcus Tullius 80, 182, 185, 192

in relation to Cleopatra 194-6, 213-14

in relation to Julius Caesar 95, 107, 109-10, 111, 175, 180, 204, 208, 210

in relation to Marcus Antonius 94, 165, 205-6, 212, 222-5, 246

Cilicia 52, 56, 230, 232, 235, 242, 254, 267, 276

Cimber, Tillius 209

Cinna, Lucius Cornelius 107

Circus Maximus 329

Claudia 226, 255

Claudius 332, 338, 339-40

Cleopatra II 57-62

Cleopatra III 61, 62, 63-4, 66, 104, 147, 256

Cleopatra IV 61, 63

Cleopatra Selene 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 75, 79, 264

Cleopatra Selene II (daughter of Cleopatra the

Great) 263, 264, 275, 276, 306-7, 333-7, 339

Cleopatra Thea 59, 62, 267

Cleopatra Tryphaena 61, 62, 63, 79, 256

Cleopatra Tryphaena V 67, 69, 74, 76, 77, 78

Cleopatra's Baths 165, 217

Cleopatra's Needles 216, 323

coinage 34-5, 40, 211, 269, 279, 282, 296, 335

of Cleopatra 4, 162, 163, 199, 205, 214, 331
Commentaries on the Civil War
(Julius Caesar) 95, 112-13

Corcyra (Corfu) 261, 287

Cordoba 203

Corinth 185, 200, 287, 298

Cornelia 98, 107, 111, 115

Corsica 230, 255

Cos, island of 238

cosmetics 166, 187, 190, 236-7

Crassus, Marcus Licinius 74, 75, 107, 108, 111, 204, 207, 225, 260

Crete 14, 223, 268, 276

Crinagoras 194, 336-7

crocodiles, in Egyptian religion 49, 58, 132-4, 136, 150, 335

Cupid 199

Cynane 22, 40

Cyprus 12, 113, 154, 170, 214, 237, 239, 241, 267

Cyrene

in years of Caesar and Antonius 223, 268, 276, 287, 296, 333

in years of early Ptolemies 12, 33, 45, 50, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 75, 77

Cyzicus 296

 

Dahshur 132

Damascus 39, 267, 268, 279

Darius III 27-8, 35

death, of Cleopatra 2, 3, 315-21

Decimus 207, 209, 223, 224

Deinokrates 32

deipnosophists 117

Deir el-Bahari 83, 143-4, 143-4

Dellius, Quintus 235, 273, 279, 288, 289, 296, 300

Delos 45, 49, 185

Delphi, Oracle at 24, 25

Demetrios of Phaleron 41, 47, 301

Democritus 164

Demosthenes 24, 25, 223, 246

Dendera (Tentyris)

rites associatedwith3,92, 133, 140, 148, 150, 158, 165-8, 257-8, 303

temple complex, building of 80, 85, 86, 88, 139, 165, 217-18

Dictator, Caesar as 170, 175, 197, 205, 206

Dido of Carthage 112

Didymus, Arius 311

dining (social)

in Rome 191-4

Diodorus 302

Diomedes 280, 309

Dionysos

Antonius as 231, 235, 239, 243, 245-6, 247-8, 252, 264, 274, 280, 283, 312

cult of 22, 43, 90, 102, 185, 194, 221, 239, 303, 308, 316, 334, 335

‘Neos Dionysos', Ptolemies as 53, 68, 274

see also
Osiris

Dioscorides 159, 253

The Dioskuri
339

Dioskurides 81

Djedhor 19

Djoser, King 16

Dodona 33

Dolabella, Publius Cornelius 206, 223, 227, 314

Donations, the 275-7, 278, 279, 280, 281, 286, 305, 333

‘drinking course' symposium 193-4

Drusilla of Mauretania 339

Drusilla, Livia 261, 278, 339

Dyrrhachium 96

 

Edfu 41, 51, 54, 58, 61, 64, 74, 78, 80, 147-9, 150, 219

Eidothee 32

Eileithyia 155, 163

Eiras 87, 157, 161, 285, 309, 314, 318, 319, 322

Eirene 59

El-Kab (Nekheb)

temple of 64, 146-7

Emesa 268