Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (110 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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camp
[MC].
[MC].
Loosely used term which refers to almost any kind of enclosure bounded by a bank and ditch. The term was favoured by antiquaries of the 18th and 19th centuries
ad
.
ad
.
Campanian ware
[Ar].
[Ar].
A type of pottery produced from the 4th century through to the 1st century
bc
at three main centres in southern Italy: two near Capua and one at Cumae. After the 1st century
bc
its popularity was eclipsed by
ARRETINE WARE
. Campanian ware was traded widely in the central Mediterranean and is sometimes found in Gaul from the 3rd century
bc
; very occasional finds have been reported from Silchester, Hampshire, and Ower, Dorset, in southern England.
bc
at three main centres in southern Italy: two near Capua and one at Cumae. After the 1st century
bc
its popularity was eclipsed by
ARRETINE WARE
. Campanian ware was traded widely in the central Mediterranean and is sometimes found in Gaul from the 3rd century
bc
; very occasional finds have been reported from Silchester, Hampshire, and Ower, Dorset, in southern England.
campanulate bowl
[De].
[De].
A bowl or other kind of vessel, whether of pottery, metal, or some other material, shaped to the form of an inverted bell.
Camulodunum, Colchester, Essex, UK
[Si].
[Si].
Canaanites
[CP].
[CP].
Bronze Age communities occupying Palestine and the Levant during the 2nd millennium
bc
, related to the
HYKSOS
. Their economy was largely based around acting as ‘middlemen’ for trade between Egypt to the south and Mesopotamia and the Hittites to the north and east. Their main settlements include Ugarit on the Syrian coast. Relatively little is known about them except what can be found in biblical texts and from very limited excavations. They were, however, responsible for developing the first alphabetic writing system. It is clear that while their supreme god was El, the most prominent was Ba'al. The Canaanites suffered a series of setbacks in the late 2nd millennium
bc
with attacks from the
SEA PEOPLES
in the north while in the south they were displaced by the Israelites and the Philistines. Those living in the north were known to the Greeks as the Phoenicians, although they called themselves Canaanites through into the early 1st millennium
bc
.
bc
, related to the
HYKSOS
. Their economy was largely based around acting as ‘middlemen’ for trade between Egypt to the south and Mesopotamia and the Hittites to the north and east. Their main settlements include Ugarit on the Syrian coast. Relatively little is known about them except what can be found in biblical texts and from very limited excavations. They were, however, responsible for developing the first alphabetic writing system. It is clear that while their supreme god was El, the most prominent was Ba'al. The Canaanites suffered a series of setbacks in the late 2nd millennium
bc
with attacks from the
SEA PEOPLES
in the north while in the south they were displaced by the Israelites and the Philistines. Those living in the north were known to the Greeks as the Phoenicians, although they called themselves Canaanites through into the early 1st millennium
bc
.
canabae
[De].
[De].
A Latin term for self-governing communities or settlements of non-Roman citizens within the Roman empire. Often, but not always, based on pre-Roman tribal boundaries, sometimes established on military land near a fortress or fort. See also
CIVITAS
.
CIVITAS
.
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