Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (267 page)

A Germanic people who until the 5th century
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occupied an area to the east of the Rhine but who later expanded, first into Belgium and northern France. Later, under the leadership of King Clovis, they began another phase of expansion until the time of Charlemagne in the 8th century, when the Frankish empire consisted of most of western Europe. Many traditional Roman manufacturing industries were preserved by the Franks, but they also introduced Germanic craftsmanship into the arts and building technology.

 
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The name given in the 16th century
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to an anonymous compiler of a major Frankish chronicle of events from the end of the Roman empire until the establishment of the Carolingians.

 
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Limestone of even, finegrained texture.

 
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Localized Archaic Stage cultural grouping in the eastern Nevada, western Colorado, and southern Idaho area of the Great Basin of North America in the period ad 400–1300.
Characterized by numerous small scattered communities whose subsistence base included maize cultivation. Agriculture, and also the production of pottery, was probably adopted from Anasazi communities to the south. Pit-houses were built by Fremont communities throughout the period, although in later times some above-ground masonry pueblo-style houses were constructed too. Material culture included leather moccasins, pottery vessels with incised decoration, and clay figurines.
A number of regional variations of the Fremont Culture have been defined, sometimes subsumed under the term ‘Sevier’: Parowan Fremont (ad 900–1250) in southwest Utah; Sevier Fremont (ad 870–1250) in central west Utah and eastern Nevada; Great Salt Lake Fremont (ad 400–1350) around the Great Salt Lake and as far as the Rocky Mountains of Idaho; Unita Bay Fremont (ad 650–950) in northeastern Utah; and San Raphael Fremont (ad 700–1250) in eastern Utah and western Colorado.

 
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Frere , John
(1740–1807)
[Bi].

British antiquary whose main contribution to the development of archaeological thought was his discovery of Acheulian handaxes and associated remains at Hoxne in Suffolk. He recognized the great antiquity of these finds, but his ideas were in advance of his time and his conclusions were ignored. The finds are reported in
Archaeologia
for 1800, along with the arguments for the early dating of the material. Frere was a Fellow of the Royal Society.
[Bio.:
Dictionary of National Biography
, 7, 707–8]

 
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A watercolour painting on a wall or ceiling completed before the plaster is dry.

 
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