Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (522 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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Paviland Cave, Gower, Wales
[Si].
[Si].
A limestone cave also known as Goat's Hole on the Gower Peninsula of South Wales excavated in 1822 by Dr William Buckland . Deposits in the cave contain a rich Upper Palaeolithic assemblage of faunal remains and flint tools dating to the period
c.
36000 through to 8000 bc. However, the site is most famous for the human burial whose bones had been stained red with ochre and which was accompanied by a series of ivory objects. Buckland named this burial ‘The Red Lady’ of Paviland, although it is now known that it is the remains of a young adult male of about 24000 years ago.
[Rep.: S. Aldhouse-Green (ed.), 2000,
Paviland cave and the ‘Red Lady’: a definitive report
. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press]
c.
36000 through to 8000 bc. However, the site is most famous for the human burial whose bones had been stained red with ochre and which was accompanied by a series of ivory objects. Buckland named this burial ‘The Red Lady’ of Paviland, although it is now known that it is the remains of a young adult male of about 24000 years ago.
[Rep.: S. Aldhouse-Green (ed.), 2000,
Paviland cave and the ‘Red Lady’: a definitive report
. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press]
Pazyryk, Russia
[Si].
[Si].
An extensive site in the high Altai mountain region of central Asia used as a burial ground in the later 1st millennium
bc
by nomadic communities related to the
SCYTHIANS
. Excavations by Russian archaeologists have revealed burials dating from the 5th to the 3rd centuries
bc
, many of them in large pits covered in low cairns (
KURGANS
). Some are well preserved because they have remained frozen since deposition. Four-wheeled wagons were included in some cases, as were horses with bridles, saddles, and saddlecloths. The men had been tattooed and all the bodies had been embalmed. It is thought that these burials belong to the leaders of mobile groups.
[Sum.: S. I. Ruelenko , 1970,
Frozen tombs of Siberia: the Pazyryk burials of Iron Age horsemen
. London: Dent]
bc
by nomadic communities related to the
SCYTHIANS
. Excavations by Russian archaeologists have revealed burials dating from the 5th to the 3rd centuries
bc
, many of them in large pits covered in low cairns (
KURGANS
). Some are well preserved because they have remained frozen since deposition. Four-wheeled wagons were included in some cases, as were horses with bridles, saddles, and saddlecloths. The men had been tattooed and all the bodies had been embalmed. It is thought that these burials belong to the leaders of mobile groups.
[Sum.: S. I. Ruelenko , 1970,
Frozen tombs of Siberia: the Pazyryk burials of Iron Age horsemen
. London: Dent]
Peak group
[MC].
[MC].
peak sanctuary
[MC].
[MC].
peanut
[Sp].
[Sp].
A leguminous plant (Archis hypogaea) bearing pods that ripen underground and contain edible seeds. Native to the lowlands of South America below about 2000m above sea level. Domesticated by
c.
2500 bc.
c.
2500 bc.
peasants
[Ge].
[Ge].
People who produce food from the land, using traditional farming methods, and who comprise an agricultural class dependent on subsistence farming.
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