Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (687 page)

Stephens , John Lloyd
(1805–52)
[Bi].

A New York lawyer who became a traveller and amateur archaeologist, visiting and documenting abandoned Maya centres in the mid 19th century. His books became bestsellers and together with drawings by Frederick Catherwood aroused popular interest in what was at the time an unknown civilization.
[Obit.:
Pulman's Monthly Magazine of American History, Science and Art
, 1 (1853), 64–8]

 
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1
In deep excavations the side of the trenches may be stepped at intervals in order to maintain the stability of the trench walls and reduce the risk of collapse. An inevitable consequence is that an excavation that starts relatively large will provide only a limited view of the deepest levels.
2
Where clearly defined cultural levels are recognized during an excavation, these may be exposed in step fashion to show the full sequence before being totally removed.

 
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Two vertical aerial photographs taken from slightly different positions but printed so that the scale is the same and the field of view significantly overlaps. By viewing the two overlapping areas using a stereoscope the human eyes can be tricked into seeing the view as if three-dimensionally.

 
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Steward , Julian Haynes
(1902–72)
[Bi].

American anthropologist and ethnographer who developed the theoretical perspective known as ‘cultural ecology’ which was based on the idea that cultures do not simply interact with one another but also with their environment. He argued that regularities in these relationships could be used to explain cultural change. Between 1946 and 1950 he edited and published the very detailed
Handbook of South American Indians
(Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution). Other books include the 1955 publication
Theory of Culture Change
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press).
[Obit.:
American Anthropologist
, 75 (1973), 886–903]

 
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See
STROKE–ORNAMENTED WARE CULTURE
.

 
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A Vandal by birth, and therefore one of a number of barbarians who, in the late 4th century
ad
, rose through the ranks of the army to high office in the Roman administration. He married the niece of the Emperor Theodosius and, during the first part of the reign of the Emperor Honorius, who succeeded in ad 395, he was the effective ruler in the west. Stilicho was probably the last Roman leader to make a serious attempt to defend Britain, but he was murdered in ad 409 as the result of a court intrigue.

 
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