Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (715 page)

Movements in the earth's crust, which result in such structural features as the folding or faulting of rocks and the uplift or sinking of part of the earth's surface.

 
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South American farming cultures found in the Lower and Middle Amazon areas and tentatively dated to
c.
ad 1100–1300. Characterized by their ceramic assemblages which belong to the Polychrome Horizon Style of Amazonia.

 
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Egyptian lion-headed goddess representing the moisture in the air, clouds, dew, and rain. A primeval deity and a member of the Heliopolitan Ennead, perhaps a theological conception rather than a real person. The Greeks sometimes identified her with Artemis.

 
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A Latin term used to describe a flat rectangular roof tile with flanges running down its longer sides.

 
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A Latin term used to describe a rectangular tile with conical projections or flanges at each corner on one side. They were fixed to the surface of walls with clamps in order to form cavities through which hot gases from the hypocaust circulated.

 
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A highland valley in the semi-arid Puebla region which was the subject of detailed multi-disciplinary investigations directed by Richard MacNeish during the 1960s. Situated at over 1800m above sea level, the valley is remarkable for preserving a long sequence of sites and deposits which chart the social and economic development of groups living in the valley from Archaic times through to historic times. This is especially important because it spans the period during which agriculture developed as well as the period when chiefdoms and states dominated the region.
Nine main phases have been defined in the valley: the Ajuereado (9500–7000 bc), the El Riego (7000–5000 bc), the Coxcatlán (5000–3400 bc), the Abejas (3400–2300 bc), the Purrón (2300–1500 bc), the Ajalpan (1500–830 bc), the Santa María (830 bc–ad 150), the Palo Blanco (ad 150–700), and the Venta Salada (ad 700–1540).
[Rep.: D. S. Byers (ed.), 1967–77,
The prehistory of the Tehuacán Valley
, 5 vols. Austin and London: University of Texas Press]

 
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