Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (779 page)

The second of four distinctive styles of pre-Roman Celtic art in Europe defined by Paul
JACOBSTHAL
in 1944. Named after a chieftain's grave found near Bonn in the Rhineland, the Waldalgesheim style was characterized by an individual use of classical non-representational forms, especially the free use of flowing curvilinear motifs, as on the torc and rings from the type-site. Broadly dated to the later 4th and early 3rd centuries
bc
.

 
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A path or constructed pedestrian link, sometimes elevated, linking two or more structures or occupation areas.

 
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Industrial phase of the British later Bronze Age that was broadly contemporary with the
WILBURTON PHASE
(10th–8th centuries
bc
) but confined to the area north of River Humber and south of the Forth. Unlike industries further south, the Wallington Tradition is characterized by rather old-fashioned types made using old-fashioned technology. Metalwork of the industry includes palstaves, square-mouthed socketed axes with flat collars, dirks, rapiers, basal-looped spearheads, and tools such as hammers and chisels.

 
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Mural or fresco added using coloured paints to a prepared plasterwork wall surface as decoration or to simulate other materials. Common in domestic and ceremonial architecture from the early Neolithic onwards. Especially common in the classical world, with much surviving from Roman times throughout the empire. In Europe wall painting was very common in the medieval period and is well represented in ecclesiastical contexts.

 
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Layer of well-mixed lime and sand, sand and cement, or lime putty applied as a more or less even coat on a wall or ceiling to provide a smooth hard surface. The recovery of wall plaster from archaeological levels is important not only for information on the smooth surface about the nature of the decor applied to the room, but also because the back face of the plaster will often preserve impressions that provide insights into the construction of the building (e.g. lathwork ceiling, timber-framed walls). Reassembling the wall plaster can also reveal the position and size of architectural features such as doorways, windows, and focal points within the room from which it derived.

 
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Term used to describe a ceramic vessel used as a bowl or mortarium whose side rises more or less vertically above a carination and which terminates in a plain or relatively plain rim.

 
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