Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (83 page)

 
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A steep cliff or other natural feature used to kill stampeding
BUFFALO
in North America. One of the best-known examples is
HEAD-SMASHED-IN
, Alberta, USA, which was used for over 7000 years.

 
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A strong bar forming the mouthpiece on a bridle used to control a horse. The earliest domesticated horses were probably controlled by a simple halter. Organic bits with antler cheek pieces first appear in central Europe around 1700 bc, to be replaced later by bronze single-piece examples. The two- and three-piece bit was introduced during Iron Age times, some examples providing an outlet for craftsmanship of the highest order.

 
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The son of Luernius and king of the Arverni, one of the principal tribes of Gaul in the 2nd century
bc
. He was defeated in 121 bc by the Roman forces. The Arvernian kings were apparently noted for their lavish feasts and displays of wealth.

 
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An earthwork with two banks, each with a ditch.

 
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In metalworking, a simple form of mould comprising two halves held in place by dowels whilst the molten metal is poured in. The mould is parted to release the cast object once the metal has cooled.

 
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Type of pottery found in many parts of India which is black on the inside and around the rim and red on the exterior surface. Generally dated to the Chalcolithic through to the Iron Age.

 
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