Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453 (55 page)

Janissaries
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,
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Christian military slaves
7

strengthened by Murat I
1

Halil instigates a revolt
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revolt of 1451 54,
1
,
3

restructuring of the regiment
1

archers
1

infantry
1

Bektashi order
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work on the ramparts
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sent to fight Genoese intruders
1

potential revolt
1

and Baltaoglu
1

the attack on Constantinople
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,
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,
5

Mehmet’s bodyguard
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,
2

march into the city
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at St Sophia
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and Mehmet’s triumphant entry into

Constantinople
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Jason and the Argonauts
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javelin-men
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javelins
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Jericho
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Jerusalem
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Jewish quarter, Constantinople
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Jews
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jihad
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John Cantacuzenos, Emperor
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John Komnenos, Emperor
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John Palaeologi
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John the Baptist
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John V
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John VI Cantacuzenos, Emperor
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John VIII, Emperor (brother of Constantine XI)
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Justinian, Emperor
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Justinian, equestrian statue of
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Kaffa
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,
241

Kallinikos (developer of Greek fire)
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Kara Bey
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Karaja Pasha
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Kariman, Bey of
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Kasimpasha see Valley of the Springs

Kastamonu
1

Kemach, Anatolia
1

Kiev
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,
2

Knolles, Richard:
The General History of the
Turks
1

Komnenos wall
1

Konya
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Koran, the
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Kosovo, first Battle of (1389)
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Kosovo, second Battle of (1448)
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Krakatoa eruption (1883)
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Kritovoulos of Imbros
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Krum, Khan
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Kuwae volcanic eruption (1453)
1

Ladislas, King of Hungary
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,
2

Lake Garda
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,
2

lancers
1

landwall
see
Theodosius wall

Languschi, Giacomo de
1

Lawrence, St
1

Lecanella, Francesco
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,
2

Lemnos
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Leo II, Emperor
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2

Leonard of Chios, archbishop of Lesbos
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leontari, Manuel Bryennius
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Lepanto
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Lesbos
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Levant
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Lithgow, Edward
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Little Ahmet
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Loire River
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Lomellino, Angelo
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see also
Galata, Podesta of

longboats
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longbows
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Longo, Alviso
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Luke the Evangelist, St
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Luther, Martin
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Lycus River
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Lycus valley
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Lysippos
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Maffei, Celso
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Mahmut Pasha
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Maltepe
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Mamluks
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Manisa
1

mantlets (wooden hurdles)
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Mantua
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Manuel II, Emperor
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Manzikert, Battle of (1071)
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Marangon, Zuan
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Maria Palaeologos
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Mark Eugenicus, St
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Marlowe, Christopher:
Tamberlaine
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Marmara walls
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Maslama, General
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,
2

Masts, Battle of the (655)
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Mecca
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medieval vassalage
1

Medina
1

Mediterranean Sea
1

Mehmet II, Sultan

birth
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background
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education
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,
2

deaths of other heirs to the throne
1

personality
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,
2

confirmed as sultan, aged
1
2

episode with Persian missionary
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influences on
1

early plans for assault on Constantinople
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humiliating rebuff
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second Battle of Kosovo (1448)
1

appearance
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,
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,
3

ambition
1

murder of Little Ahmet
1

fratricide law
1
,
2

makes guarantees of peace
1

crushes revolt by Bey of Karaman
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building of Rumeli Hisari
1

makes an example of the Venetians
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dark obsessive days gleaning intelligence
1

makes the case for war (January 1453)
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Orban’s gun
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,
2

traditional call to arms (1453)
1

sets out from Edirne (23 March 1453)
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his army reaches Constantinople (1453)
1

his ceremonial tent
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Maltepe headquarters
1

organisation of his forces
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traditional invitation to surrender
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promises plunder while fulfilling the will of God
1

attritional and impatient strategy
1

intensifies bombardment after setback
1

begins to deploy the fleet for the first time
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logistic skill
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objectives for his new fleet
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and failed confrontation with Genoese mer

chantmen
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,
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,
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,
4

treatment of Baltaoglu
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reaction to the peace proposal
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,
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incessant in his pursuit of the city
1

successful plan to bypass the boom
1

and impalement of Italian sailors
1

concentrates his fire on the St Romanus Gate
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,
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mining
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,
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glowing light interpreted as propitious
1

final attempt to persuade Constantine to surrender peacefully
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council of war
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prepares for a supreme effort
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gives his final orders
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promises three days of plunder
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the attack
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collapse of the defence
1

triumphant entry into Constantinople
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,
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inspects the buildings
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claims to be defender of the Faith and of the holy places
1

death
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,
2

mausoleum
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and the Justinian statue
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Mehmet III, Sultan
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,
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Mehmet Pasha
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Melissenos, Makarios
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merchantmen
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Mese, Constantinople
1

Mesembria
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Mesoteichion, Constantinople
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Michael the Janissary
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Michael the Syrian
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Milan, Duke of
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Milion, Constantinople
1

Milvian Bridge, Battle of (312 AD)
1

miniatures
1

mining
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Minotto (the Venetian bailey)
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Mistra, Peloponnese
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Modon
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Moldavia
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,
2

Monemvasia
1

Mongolia
1

Mongols
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,
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monograms
1

Morea
see
Peloponnese

Mount Olympus
1

Muawiyyah, Caliph
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,
2

Muhammad, Prophet
1
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unifies feuding tribes around the message of Islam
7

ultimatum to Heraclius
1

appearance after other prophets
1

his promise regarding Constantinople
1
,
2

companions of
1

mullahs, key role of
1

Murat (a Janissary)
1

Murat I, Sultan
1
,
2

Murat II, Sultan
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,
2
,
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,
4

besieges Constantinople (1422)
5
,
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,
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,
8

Thessaloniki (1430)
1

birth of Mehmet (1432)
1

death of Ali and his sons
1

abdication
1

and the Bey of Kariman
1
,
2

returns to Edirne to take control again
1

final years spent in Edirne
1

and Constantine XI
1

creates infrastructure for an artillery force
1

breaches Hexamilion (1446)
1

death (1451)
1

musketeers
1
,
2