Creativity (51 page)

Gordimer, Nadine.
Female. b. 11/20/23. Writer. South African. Recipient, Nobel Prize for literature (1991); Booker Prize (England, 1974); Grand Aigle d’Or (France, 1975). Author,
The Conservationist
(1974);
Burger’s Daughter
(1979);
Something Out There
(1984); others. See
Nadine Gordimer
, by Judie Newman (1988). Interviewed by Jeanne Nakamura (11/21/94). Age 71.

Gould, Stephen Jay.
Male. b. 9/10/41. Paleontologist, geologist, science historian, author, teacher. American. Recipient, close to twenty honorary degrees; Medal of Excellence, Columbia University (1982); Silver medal, Zoological Society London (1984); Edinburgh medal, City of Edinburgh (1990); Britannica award and gold medal (1990). MacArthur Foundation prize fellow (1981-1986). Named Humanist Laureate, Academy of Humanism (1983). Author,
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
(1977);
The Panda’s Thumb
(1980, award-winning);
The Mismeasure of Man
(1981, award-winning);
Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes
(1983, award-winning);
Bully for Brontosaurus
(1991); others. Interviewed by Grant Rich (4/10/95). Age 53.

Gruenenberg, Nina.
Female. b. 10/7/36. Journalist, editor. German. Columnist, political reporter, associate editor,
Die Zeit
(Hamburg). Listed as the 41st most influential woman in Germany. Interviewed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (9/18/90). Age 56.

Harris, Irving Brooks.
Male. b. 8/4/10. Business executive, philanthropist. American. Recipient, several honorary degrees; Chicago UNICEF World of Children award (1985); honorary membership award, Chicago Pediatric Society (1986). Director, Gillette Safety Razor Co. (1948-1960); chairman of the board, Science Research Associates (1953-1958); president, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center (1958-1961); president emeritus, Erikson Institute; president and cofounder, The Ounce of Prevention Fund (1982-). Clifford Beers lecturer, Yale University (1987). Interviewed by Mihaly Csiksz
entmihalyi (5/21/91). Age 80.

Hart, Kitty Carlisle.
Female. b. 9/3/15. Arts administrator, actress, singer. American. Recipient, National Medal of Arts (1991). Appointments, Special Consultant to the Governor on Women’s Opportunities (1966); Independent Commission to review the National Endowment for the Arts (1990); vice chairman (1971) and chairman (1976-present), New York State Council on the Arts. More than twenty-five principal stage credits (musical comedy, opera, operetta, and drama), including:
Champagne Sec
(1933);
The Rape of Lucretia
(1948);
Die Fledermaus
(1966-1967);
On Your Toes
(1984). Principal film credits:
She Loves Me Not
(1934);
Here Is My
Heart
(1934);
A Night at the Opera
(1935). Principal television credits:
Who Said That?
(1948-1955);
I’ve Got a Secret
(1952-1953);
What’s Going On?
(1954)
To Tell the Truth
(1956-1967). See her
Kitty: An Autobiography
(1988). Interviewed by Nicole Brodsky (2/8/95). Age 79.

Hecht, Anthony.
Male. b. 1/16/23. Poet, critic, teacher. American. U.S. Consultant in Poetry, Library of Congress (1982-1984). Recipient, Pulitzer Prize for poetry (1968); Bollingen Prize in Poetry (1983); Ruth B. Lilly Poetry Prize (1988). Author,
The Hard Hours
(1968);
The Venetian Vespers
(1977); others. See
Anthony Hecht
, by Norman German (1989). Interviewed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (12/10/93). Age 70.

Henderson, Hazel.
Female. b. 3/27/33. Economist, author. American (b. England). Named Citizen of the Year by the New York Medical Society (1967) for her role in founding Citizens for Clean Air. Author,
Creating Alternative Futures: The End of Economics
(1978);
The Politics of the Solar Age: Alternatives to Economics
(1981);
Paradigms in Progress: Life Beyond Economics
(1991); others. Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (6/19/90). Age 57.

Holton, Gerald.
Male. b. 5/23/22. Physicist, historian of science, teacher. American (b. Germany). Recipient, Oersted Medal, American Association of Physics Teachers (1980); George Sarton Medal, History of Science Society (1989); Andrew Gemant Award, American Institute of Physics (1989). Author,
Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein
(1973, 2d ed., 1988);
The Advancement of Science, and Its Burdens
(1986); others. Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (2/25/91). Age 68.

Holton, Nina.
Female. b. 1924. Sculptor. American (b. Austria). Studied and apprenticed with Mirko Basadella at Harvard’s Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, and with Dmitri Hadzi in Rome. About thirty group and one-person exhibitions in Boston, San Francisco, Washington, DC. Works in the Fogg Art Museum, the Van Leer Jerusalem Foundation collection; others. Articles published in
Leonardo
. Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (2/25/91). Age 66.

Honig, William.
Male. b. 4/23/37. Educational administrator, lawyer. American. Clerk, California Supreme Court; superintendent of public instruction for the State of California. Regent, University of California. Author,
Last Chance for Our Children
(1985); others. Interviewed by Keith Sawyer (9/29/92). Age 55.

Johnson, J. Seward, Jr.
Male. b. 4/16/30. Sculptor, businessperson. American. Collections and public placements throughout the United States (more than twenty-five states), Bermuda, Canada, West Germany. Sculptures are generally life-size, cast in bronze, and follow the genre of hyperrealism. Founder of foundry (Johnson Atelier). See his
The Sculpture of J. Seward Johnson, Jr.: Celebrating the Familiar
(1987). Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (8/13/90). Age 60.

Karle, Isabella.
Female. b. 12/2/21. Experimental chemist, crystallographer. American. Recipient, Superior Civilian Award USN (1964); Annual Achievement Award, Society of Women Engineers (1967); Chemical Pioneer Award (1984); Lifetime Achievement Award Women in Science and Engineering (1986); The University of Michigan (1987); award for distinguished past president, American Crystallographic Association (1987); Gregori Aminoff Prize, Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences (1988); Bijvoet Medal (1990). Author, more than 250 scientific articles, book chapters, and reviews. Interviewe
d by Carol A. Mockros (5/8/92). Age 70.

Karle, Jerome.
Male. b. 6/18/18. Theoretical chemist, crystallographer. American. Head, laboratory for structure matter, Naval Research Laboratory. Research associate, Manhattan Project (1943-1944); president, International Union of Chrystallography (1981-1984); Nobel Prize in chemistry (1985). For nineteen years, member, National Research Council. Chair, chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences (1988-). Author, numerous scholarly articles. Interviewed by Carol A. Mockros (5/8/92). Age 73.

Klein, George.
Male. b. 7/28/25. Biologist, author. Swedish (b. Hungary). Recipient, Prix Griffuel, Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancre (France, 1974); Harvey Prize, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology (1975); Dobloug Prize, Swedish Academy of Literature (1990). Author, more than 800 scientific papers. Author (philosophy),
Pieta
(1992 in English; original work published 1989). See his
The Atheist in the Holy City
(1990 in English; original work published 1987). Interviewed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (5/9/90). Age 64.

Konner, Joan Weiner.
Female. b. 2/24/31. University administrator, broadcasting executive, television producer. American. Professor and dean, Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University. Executive producer, Bill Moyers’
Journal
(1978-1981). Recipient, twelve Emmy Awards; Edward A. Murrow Award; others. Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (5/19/92). Age 61.

Kurokawa, Kisho.
Male. b. 4/8/34. Architect, author, town planner. Japanese. Recipient, Gold Medal, French Academy of Architecture; Japan Grand Prize of Literature (1993). Architect, Nakagin Capsule Tower (1972); Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art (1986); others. Author,
Metabolism ’60
(with others, Tokyo, 1960);
The Philosophy of Symbiosis
(London, 1994); others. See his
Kisho Kurokawa
—
From Metabolism to Symbiosis
(London, 1992). Interviewed by Jeanne Nakamura (10/12/94). Age 60.

Lanyon, Ellen.
Female. b. 12/21/26. Artist, professor. Founder, Chicago Graphics Workshop (1952-1955). Recipient, F. H. Armstrong Prize (1946, 1955, 1977); Fulbright Fellowship (1950); M. Cahn Award (1961); Casandra Foundation Grant (1971); National Endowment for the
Arts grant (1974, 1987); Herwood Lester Cook Foundation (1981). More than ten retrospective shows. More than forty one-woman exhibitions. Numerous group shows. Represented in many permanent collections, some of which include The Art Institute of Chicago, The Museum of Contemporary Art; the Library of Congress, Denver Art Museum. See
Art: A Woman’s Sensibility
, by A. Adrian. Interviewed by Carol A. Mockros (3/19/93). Age 66.

Lederberg, Joshua.
Male. b. 5/23/25. Biologist, teacher. American. Recipient, Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine (1958) for research in the genetics of bacteria; National Medal of Science (1989). President, Rockefeller University (1978-1990). Author of many scientific papers. See his “Genetic Recombination in Bacteria: A Discovery Account”
(Annual Review of Genetics
, 1987, vol. 21, pp. 23-46). Interviewed by Keith Sawyer (6/15/92). Age 67.

L’Engle, Madeleine.
Female. b. 11/29/18. Writer. American. Recipient, Newbery Medal (1963); Sequoya Award (1965); Regina Medal (1985); Alan Award, National Council of Teachers of English (1986); Kerlan Award (1990). Author of more than forty works, including:
A Wrinkle in Time
(1962);
The Arm of the Starfish
(1965);
A Wind in the Door
(1973);
The Irrational Season
(1977);
A Swiftly Tilting Planet
(1978);
A Severed Wasp
(1982);
An Acceptable Time
(1989);
Certain Women
(1992);
Troubling a Star
(1994). See her
A Circle of Quiet
(1972),
The Summer of the Great-grandmother
(1974), and
The Irrational Season
(1977) for autobiographical information. Interviewed by Nicole Brodsky (5/19/94). Age 75.

Levertov, Denise.
Female. b. 10/24/23. Writer. American (b. England). Recipient, Harriet Monroe Memorial Prize (1964); Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize (1975); Lannan Literary Award (1993). Author,
Here and Now
(1956);
The Freeing of the Dust
(1975); others. See
Understanding Denise Levertov
, by Harry Marten (1988). Interviewed by Jeanne Nakamura (2/27/95). Age 71.

LeVine, Robert A.
Male. b. 3/27/32. Anthropologist, teacher. American. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Recipient, Research Career Scientist Award, National Institute of Mental Health (1972-1976). Author,
Culture, Behavior, and Personality
(1973);
Child Care and Culture: Lessons from Africa
(with others, 1994); others. Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (2/22/91). Age 58.

LeVine, Sarah.
Female. b. 8/14/40. Author, anthropologist. American (b. England). Currently working on a doctorate in Sanskrit and Pali. Author,
Mothers and Wives: Gusii Women of West Africa
(1979);
Dolor y Alegria: Women and Social Change in Urban Mexico
(1993). Novels under the name of Louisa Dawkins:
Natives and Strangers
(1985);
Chasing Shadows
(1988). Interviewed by Kevin Rathunde (2/22/91). Age 51.

Livi, Grazia.
Female. b. 1932. Writer, journalist. Italian. Recipient, Premio Viareggio for the Essay (1991). Author of several novels and books of essays, including
La distanza e l’amore
(1978);
L’approdo invisibile
(1980);
Le lettere del mio nome
(1991); others. Interviewed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (5/15/91). Age 58.

Loevinger, Jane.
Female. b. 2/6/18. Research psychologist, professor. American. Professor, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Created an influential theory of personality development. Author of numerous books and scholarly articles, including
Ego Development
(1976); “On the Self and Predicting Behavior,” in R. Zucker, J. Arnoff, and A. Rabin, editors,
Personality and the Prediction of Behavior
(1984). Interviewed
by Carol A. Mockros (11/6/92).

MacCready, Paul.
Male. b. 9/29/25. Aeronautical engineer. American. Recipient, Edward Longstreth Medal, Franklin Institute (1979); Reed Aeronautics Award, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (1979). Engineer of the Century, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1980). Leader of the team that won the Kremer Prize (1977) for human-powered flight. Author, scientific papers. Interviewed by Jeanne Nakamura (6/13/93). Age 67.

Mahfouz, Naguib.
Male. b. 12/11/11. Writer. Egyptian. Recipient, Nobel Prize in literature (1988); State Prize for Literature (Egypt, 1957). Author, Cairo Trilogy (1956, 1957);
Zuqaq al Midaqq
(1947; translated as
Midaq Alley
, 1981);
Miramar
(1967). See
Naguib Mahfouz
:
From Regional Fame to Global Recognition
, edited by Michael Beard and Adnan Haydar (1993). Interviewed by Sherafoudin Malik (6/94). Age 82.

Mahoney, Margaret.
Female. b. 10/24/24. American. Foundation president, Commonwealth Fund. Formerly executive associate, Carnegie Corporation. Trustee, John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (1983-); Dole Foundation (1984-). Board of directors for Alliance for Aging Research (1987-). Overseas Development Council (1988-). Recipient, Alpha Omega Alpha Award (1985); Women’s Forum Award (1989); Frank H. Lahey Award (1992); Walsh McDermott Award (1992). Author, numerous professional articles. Interviewed by Carol A. Mockros (4/13/94). Age 69.