David Crockett (43 page)

3
Ibid., 166–67.

4
Ibid., 167.

5
Remini,
Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire
, 63, 160. William Butler married Martha Hays, the daughter of Rachel Jackson’s sister.

6
Crockett,
Narrative
, 167–68.

7
Ibid., 167.

8
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 64.

9
Ibid.

10
Ibid., 66.

11
Ibid.

12
Jones,
In the Footsteps of Davy Crockett
, 34–36.

13
Ibid., 35–36.

14
Hauck,
Davy Crockett: A Handbook
, 38.

15
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 67.

16
Crockett,
Narrative
, 171.

17
Levy,
American Legend
, 120.

18
National Banner and Nashville Whig
, September 27, 1824.

19
Crockett,
Narrative
, 172.

20
Ibid., 173.

21
Levy,
American Legend
, 124.

TWENTY-SIX • BIG TIME

1
Jones,
In the Footsteps of Davy Crockett
, 37.

2
Gert Petersen,
A Chronology of the Life of David Crockett
, unpublished, 2001, 25.

3
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 74.

4
Ibid.

5
Crockett,
Narrative
, 174.

6
Crockett,
Narrative
, 195.

7
Ibid., 196.

8
Ibid., 198–99.

9
Petersen,
Chronology
, 26.

10
History of Shelby County, Tennessee
(Nashville: Goodspeed Publishing Co., 1886–1887), 865–67.

11
Ibid.

12
Michael Lollar, “First Memphis Mayor Receives a Grave Injustice,”
Memphis Commercial Appeal
,
commercialappeal.com
, May 26, 2009.

13
Ibid. Amarante Winchester was ostracized by Memphis society, and Winchester’s career declined. Eventually city aldermen passed an ordinance forbidding anyone of mixed race from owning property or living within the city limits. This caused the Winchesters to move to a farm outside of Memphis. They remained married until her death in 1840. Two years later, Winchester married a nineteen-year-old widow. Later he was elected to the state legislature. He died in 1856.

14
Levy,
American Legend
, 132.

15
Ibid., 133.

TWENTY-SEVEN • “THE VICTORY IS OURS”

1
Jones,
In the Footsteps of Davy Crockett
, 78.

2
Richard Slotkin,
Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000), 414–15.

3
Ibid., 415.

4
Jackson Gazette
, Jackson, TN, Circular Letter “To the Republican Voters of the 9th Congressional District of the State of Tennessee,” David Crockett, Gibson County, September 16, 1826.

5
Davis,
Three Roads to the Alamo
(New York: HarperCollins, 1999), 119–20. Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 82. By 1830 only a congressional district in Illinois had more voters than the Ninth District.

6
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 82.

7
Crockett,
Narrative
, 201–2.

8
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 81–82.

9
Crockett,
Narrative
, 204.

10
Ibid.

11
Mark Derr,
The Frontiersman: The Real Life and Many Legends of Davy Crockett
(New York: William Morrow and Company, 1993), 143.

12
Davis,
Three Roads to the Alamo
, 123.

13
Ibid., 122–23.

14
Ibid., 124. Anne Brown Clay was born in Lexington, KY, on April 15, 1807, the daughter of Henry Clay and Lucretia Hart. Anne married James Patton Erwin on October 21, 1823, in Fayette County, KY. She died of blood poisoning shortly after childbirth, in November 1835.

15
Christopher Marquis, “Andrew Jackson: Winner and Loser in 1824,”
American History
43, no. 1 (April 2008): 57.

16
Davis, 124–25.

17
Written account of John L. Jacobs.

18
Ibid.

19
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 84.

20
Levy,
American Legend
, 142.

21
Z. T. Fulmore,
The History and Geography of Texas as Told in County Names
(Austin: E. L. Steck, 1915), 105–6. Carson was elected to Congress in 1827, 1829, and 1831. Once a trusted friend of Andrew Jackson, he became estranged from Sharp Knife and was defeated in the campaign of 1833. Carson lived for a time in Texas, where a county was named for him, and he died in Hot Springs, AR, in 1840.

22
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 86.

23
Levy,
American Legend
, 142.

TWENTY-EIGHT • MAN WITHOUT A PARTY

1
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 283–84. William L. Foster’s father, Ephraim H. Foster, served two terms as a U.S. senator from Tennessee. He had been Andrew Jackson’s personal secretary during the Creek and New Orleans campaigns but fell out with Jackson over fiscal policies and became an early leader in the Whig Party.

2
History and Families of Lake County, Tennessee, 1870–1992
, 14. Historical records show that Crockett made camp beneath the towering cypress trees on Bluebank Bayou in the land of the shakes during the early 1830s.

3
Excerpted from John L. O’Sullivan, “Annexation,”
United States Magazine and Democratic Review
17 (July 1845): 5–10, from David J. Voelker,
www.historytools.org
, 2004.

4
Slotkin,
Regeneration Through Violence
, 5.

5
Paul Andrew Hutton, “Mr. Crockett Goes to Washington,”
American History
35, no. 1 (April 2000): 26. Dr. Hutton teaches history at the University of New Mexico and has devoted many years to Crockett research.

6
Swann, “Early Life & Times.” Crockett’s letter to James Blackburn is dated February 28, 1828.

7
Walter Blair, “Six Davy Crocketts,”
Southwest Review
25 (July 1940): 452–53. Although some other sources have questioned the authenticity of this quote, it sounds like vintage Crockett.

8
Paul Hutton, Introduction,
Narrative
, xxi.

9
Blair, “Six Davy Crocketts,” 110–11.

10
Davis,
Three Roads to the Alamo
, 126. John Quincy Adams Diary 37, November 11, 1825–June 24, 1828, 349.

11
Abbott,
David Crockett: His Life and Adventures,
260–63.

12
Adams, Diary 37, 349.

13
Congressman James Clark letter,
Jackson (TN) Gazette
, February 14, 1829.

14
Congressman Gulian C. Verplanck letter,
Jackson (TN) Gazette
, February 14, 1829.

15
Dennis Brulgrudery, pseudonym, letter,
Jackson (TN) Gazette
, March 7, 1829.

16
David Crockett letter to George Patton, January 27, 1829, transcript provided by Joe N. Bone, manager-curator, Crockett Cabin-Museum, Rutherford, TN.

17
Ibid.

18
Missouri Republican
, August 15, 1829.

19
Levy,
American Legend
, 161.

TWENTY-NINE • TRAILS OF TEARS

1
Levy,
American Legend
, 163.

2
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 114.

3
Levy,
American Legend
, 163–64.

4
Burstein,
Passions of Andrew Jackson
, 185.

5
Mankiller and Wallis,
Mankiller
, 88.

6
Ibid.

7
Ibid., 79.

8
Remini,
Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821
, 264.

9
President Andrew Jackson’s Case for the Removal Act, First Annual Message to Congress, December 8, 1830.

10
Ibid.

11
Based on the author’s personal observations and associations with many members of the Cherokee Nation, including several principal chiefs, as well as tribal activists and scholars of Cherokee cultural history. Besides completely shunning twenty-dollar bills, some Oklahoma Indians have been known to ink large X’s across Jackson’s face.

12
Martin Luther King Jr. also has been suggested as a replacement for Jackson on the twenty-dollar bill.

13
Levy,
American Legend
, 168.

14
Crockett,
Narrative
, 205–6.

15
Swann, “Early Life & Times.”

16
Walter Blair,
David Crockett: Legendary Frontier Hero
(Springfield, IL: Lincoln-Herndon Press, 1955, rev. ed. 1986), 181–87. From
Speeches on the Passage of the Bill for the Removal of the Indians, Delivered in the Congress of the United States, April and May, 1830
(Boston: Perkins and Marvin, 1830; New York: Jonathan Leavitt, 1830).

17
Ibid.

18
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 116–17, 129. Levy,
American Legend
, 174–75.

19
Crockett,
Narrative
, 206–7.

20
Levy,
American Legend
, 173.

21
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 112.

22
Davis,
Three Roads to the Alamo
, 181–82.

23
Ibid., 207–8.

24
Shackford,
David Crockett: The Man and the Legend
, 132.