Delphi (66 page)

Archesilaus III of Cyrene,
97

Archesilaus IV of Cyrene,
123
,
125

Archilochus of Paros,
320n12

architecture: Corinthian-style elements,
295
; cultural homogeneity and temple,
77
; and definition of community identity,
133
; development of style vocabulary,
82
,
342n44
; domestic residences,
214
; Doric style,
113
; evolution of Greek architectural vocabulary,
82
; Ionic style,
87
,
105
,
224
,
226
; mythology and identification of earliest structure at site,
41
–
42
; style experimentation and Delphic identity,
133
,
288
; terracing and engineering,
16
,
45
,
94
,
102

archives: at Temple of Cybele,
141

Argive twins,
67
,
296
; discovery and excavation of,
268

Argos,
48
,
133
; Agesilaus and Spartan attack on,
142
; Argive statues,
Plate II
; consultation of the oracle by,
114
; dedications by,
67
,
129
,
133
,
146
,
362n15
; divination at,
24
; and purification of Apollo,
35

Arioborzanes,
147

Aristaineta,
176

Aristocles of Carystus,
156

Aristocrates,
197

Aristonice,
116
–
17
,
310n5

Aristophanes,
25
,
135
,
136

Aristotle,
159
,
167
,
316n28
,
343n48

Arkadia: dedications by,
129
,
340n18
Artemis,
103

Artemisium,
120

Asclepiads,
17
,
141
–
42
; shrine within Apollo sanctuary,
226

Asclepius,
154
,
169
,
226
,
320n8
,
339n7
; Amphictyony and shrine within Apollo sanctuary,
226
; cult in Rome,
169
; cult practices at Delphi,
154
; inscription of the Aesclepiads,
17
,
104
,
141
–
42
,
339n7

Aspis
(Hesiod),
72

Astycrates,
148
,
154

asylia (religious sanctuary),
168
,
174
–
75
,
178
,
188
,
345n17
; Delphi and declarations of,
188

ateleia (exemption from consultation tax),
174

Athena: dedications depicting,
128
.
See also
Athena sanctuary

Athena Nikephoros, sanctuary in Pergamon,
188

Athena sanctuary,
94
–
95
,
159
; 4th c. Temple in,
Plate III
; 6th c. Temple in,
Plate III
; altars in,
Plate III
; Amphictyony and,
103
; Doric treasury,
Plate III
; and gymnasium at Delphi,
158
–
59
; Hadrian statue dedication in,
224
; location of,
Plate I
; Massalian treasury,
105
,
Plate III
; rebuilding of,
103
,
278
,
292
; reconstruction of,
278
,
Plate III
; repurposing of treasury,
159
; tholos in,
149
,
278
,
292
,
Plate III

Athenian dedications,
128
–
29
,
166
,
336n23
; acanthus column,
166
,
299
,
344n10
; palm tree,
16
,
128
; reconstruction depicting entrance to Apollo sanctuary,
129
; spatial monopolization and,
128
–
30
; statue groups,
113
,
120
,
129
,
174
,
293
; stoa,
Plate II
; updating of,
172
–
73
,
178
.
See also
Athenian treasury

Athenian treasury,
115
; architectural style of,
112
–
13
; discovery and excavation of,
272
; inscriptions on,
194
,
293
–
94
; as pawnshop,
239
; rebuilding of,
293
; site and construction,
293

Athens,
66
,
75
,
81
,
100
,
109
; Aegospotamoi, battle of,
139
–
40
; and Aetolian Soteria festival,
176
; Alcmaeonids and rule of,
98
–
101
,
109
–
10
; Amphictyony and honors for,
194
–
95
; boycott of Pythian games,
155
–
56
,
166
; Chaeroneia, defeat at,
161
–
62
; consultation of the Pythia by,
136
,
178
; control of Delphi,
126
–
27
; Crisans, war with,
71
–
72
; dedications at Delphi (
see
Athenian dedications
;
Athenian treasury
);
Delian league
and,
126
; and domination of sanctuary space,
130
,
132
; First Fruits Decree,
133
; independence of,
178
; interpretation of “wooden wall” oracle,
117
; and Marathon,
112
–
13
,
129
,
137
,
293
–
94
; Parthenon in,
251
–
52
; peace agreements,
135
; and Philip II of Macedon, conflict with,
155
,
160
; Philip V's plan to annex,
184
; political structure of,
98
; preeminence of,
129
–
30
; Pythia and protection of,
137
; and rebuilding of Delphi,
156
; relationship with Delphi,
81
,
102
,
134
–
36
,
174
–
75
,
178
,
193
–
94
,
204
; Rome and,
204
; Sparta as political/military rival of,
100
–
102
,
111
,
130
–
32
,
134
–
35
,
137
,
139
–
40
,
147
; Sulla's siege of,
198
–
99
; symbolic association with Delphi,
102
; Thebes as rival,
148

athletic competitions,
4
,
72
,
73
,
364n34
; Capitoline games in Rome,
213
; dedications honoring victories,
123
,
188
,
197
,
214
,
238
,
300
; at Delphi (
see
Pythian games
); funding of,
72
,
83
; Isthmain games,
184
; Nero as competitor in,
209
–
10
; Nikephoria games,
188
; Olympics,
204
,
207
; periodos circuit of,
76
,
209
,
229
,
288
,
324n7
,
339n7
;
and reputation of Delphi,
287
; revival of Olympics during 19th century,
272
; at Sicyon,
83
; of Soteria festival,
173
,
175
–
76
; at Thessalonike,
237
; women as competitors in,
209
; as worship of Emperor,
237

Attaleia,
192
,
220

Attalus I,
186
–
87

Attalus II,
192
; and First Macedonian War,
180
; statue of, location,
16
; stoa dedicated by,
177

Attica,
66
; pottery from,
53

Augustus,
220
; dedications to sanctuary at Delphi,
203
–
4
; herm dedicated by Athens in honor of,
206
–
7
; and oversight of Delphi,
203

Aulus Gellius,
229

Aurelia Julia Sotia,
240

Aurelius Niciadas, M.,
207
,
363n31

Aurelius Ptolemaius, M.,
362n15

Avidius Nigrinus, C.,
215
–
16

Avidius Quietus, T.,
214

Bassae, Temple of,
254

baths, Roman,
213
–
14
,
236
,
238
,
240
,
246
,
336n2
,
361n6
,
365n43
,
366n2
,
Plate II
; location of,
158

battles: Actium,
203
; Aegospotamoi,
137
,
139
–
40
,
147
,
156
,
219
; Chaeroneia,
155
,
161
–
62
,
165
; Magnesia,
186
; Mantinea,
147
; Marathon,
112
–
13
,
129
,
137
,
160
,
178
,
293
–
94
; Philippi,
201
; Plataea,
117
; Pydna,
190
,
193
,
299
–
300
; Salamis,
117
,
120

bias: and consultation via sealed jars,
151
–
52
; Delphic oracle as biased,
151
,
161

“big dig” (1892–1901),
42
,
267
–
74
; online records of,
269

Birds
(Aristophanes),
25

bison, statue portrait of,
174

Bithynia,
251n17

“Black house”
(maison noire),
45
,
49
,
51
,
64
,
74
Black Sea settlements,
132

Boeotia: and access to Delphi,
136
; Athens as enemy of,
110
,
136
; cauldrons from,
67
; consultation of the oracle,
86
; dedications by,
160
,
174
,
177
,
207
–
8
; Perseus of Macedon and,
189
; pottery from,
53
; proxenia and,
344n6
; sanctuaries in,
178

border disputes,
188
; and community identity,
59
; Delphi's boundaries and,
193
–
94
,
215
; Roman arbitration of,
215

bouleuterion,
87
,
143
,
326n23

boundaries: Delphi's,
59
,
186
; of sanctuary in Delphi,
64
,
66
,
195
–
96
.
See also
border disputes
;
walls

Bourguet, Emilie,
275

Bousquet, Jean,
277

Brennus,
170

bribes,
25
,
100
–
101
,
111
–
12
,
114
–
16
,
134
,
141

British School,
264

bronze: Antiocheian dedications,
184
; bull,
67
–
68
,
300
; Charioteer,
123
,
272
,
300
; colossal Apollo statue in sanctuary,
132
; “E,”
204
,
217
; embellishment on Gigantomachy frieze,
107
; palm trees,
107
,
128
,
137
; serpents on Plataean column,
121
; temple, legendary,
36
; tripods,
45
,
48
; value in ancient world,
300
; vessels used in oracle consultation,
151
–
52
; weapons,
44
; wolf,
131

Brutus,
201

bulls, statues of,
122
; bronze,
68
; silver,
88
,
89
,
297

burial: of cult objects during rituals,
221
; of dedications,
44
,
88
–
90
,
89
,
123
,
278
–
79
,
297
,
300
,
328n36
,
Plate V
; dromos tomb,
44
; Meleager sarcophagus,
231
–
32
,
257
; Mycenaean cult figures as funerary items,
44
; necropolis of Delphi,
230
–
32
; of oracle responses,
310n2
; in sanctuary as honor,
119
,
339n7

Byron, George Gordon Lord,
256
–
57
; graffiti signature at Delphi,
256

Caesar (Julius),
200
,
201

calendar,
173
,
220
,
226
.
See also
festivals at Delphi

Caligula,
207
–
8

Callinus of Ephesus,
62
–
63

Callisthenes,
159

Camillus,
168
,
175

Caphis,
197