Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (168 page)

Collectivization,
356
,
366
,
386
,
448
; in agriculture,
7
,
38
,
39
,
41
,
161
,
190
,
239
,
350
,
365
,
435
–
437
,
440
,
441
,
442
–
443
,
444
,
513
,
547
,
721
; of handicrafts,
39
; Mao Zedong's attitudes regarding,
440
,
441
,
513
,
514
,
721

Comintern,
24
,
25
,
26
,
718
–
719

Commission for Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense,
550

Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China (CSCPRC),
322
,
343
,
791n33

Communes,
239
,
442
–
443
,
445
–
446
,
447
,
683

Communist Party.
See
Chinese Communist Party

Computerization,
464

Conference on Theoretical Principles (1979),
255
,
257
–
265
,
350
,
351

Confucius,
8
,
11
,
16
,
17
,
77
,
182
; criticism of,
81
,
85
,
87
,
92
,
94
,
110
,
111
,
114
,
118
,
138
,
145

Congress of Literature and the Arts: Fourth (1979),
264

Consolidation
(zhengdun)
,
95
–
114
,
121
–
122
,
128
–
129
,
133
,
142
,
146
–
147
,
149
,
150
,
498

Contemporary Trends of Thought (Dangdai sichao)
,
679

Corruption,
205
,
551
,
605
,
659
,
690
; in Communist Party,
460
–
461
,
468
,
470
,
553
,
558
,
577
–
578
,
600
–
601
,
606
,
608
,
609
,
615
,
620
,
622
,
623
,
633
,
637
,
638
–
639
,
641
,
662
,
707
–
709
,
712
,
713
; in Guomindang,
12
–
13
,
36
,
347
; in SEZs,
413
,
414
,
415
,
416
,
417
,
419
,
673
,
801n46

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON),
275

Cradock, Percy,
492
,
495
,
497
–
498
,
502
,
504
,
509
,
510

Cuisine,
705

Cultural Revolution,
101
–
102
,
108
,
187
,
202
,
252
,
253
,
272
,
431
,
489
,
659
,
669
–
670
,
696
,
731
; Chen Yi's death during,
63
–
64
; February countercurrent (1967),
63
,
237
,
241
; legacy of,
1
–
2
,
62
,
126
,
207
,
211
,
213
,
249
–
250
,
257
,
282
,
283
,
291
–
292
,
354
,
355
,
356
,
362
,
363
,
366
,
368
,
369
,
373
,
389
–
390
,
412
,
433
,
454
,
475
,
491
,
514
,
515
,
540
,
564
,
567
,
581
,
687
,
694
,
707
,
728
,
791n33
; Red Guards during,
43
,
44
,
53
,
54
,
56
,
57
,
98
,
116
,
121
,
165
,
169
,
249
,
276
,
362
,
366
,
466
,
513
–
514
,
557
–
558
,
596
,
601
,
615
,
728
,
742
,
745
; return of senior officials criticized during,
13
–
14
,
62
,
64
,
75
,
97
,
98
,
139
,
140
–
141
,
151
–
152
,
156
,
163
,
168
,
185
,
191
,
193
–
194
,
195
,
221
,
231
,
233
–
235
,
240
,
244
,
246
,
352
,
367
,
371
,
426
,
555
,
698
,
728
,
729
,
736
,
744
; Small Group,
70
; universities during,
137
,
141
–
144
;
yewuzu
during,
70
,
187
,
221
,
732
; and Zhou Enlai,
64
,
65
–
66
,
79
,
93
–
94
,
140
,
158
–
159
,
732
.
See also
Deng Xiaoping: during Cultural Revolution; Deng Xiaoping's
attitudes regarding: Cultural Revolution; Mao Zedong: during Cultural Revolution

Dai Qing,
611
,
632

Dalai Lama,
478
,
511
–
513
,
513
,
514
–
516
,
517
,
518
–
519
,
520
–
522
,
816n103

Dalian,
735
; SEZs around,
468

Dangdai sichao.
See
Contemporary Trends of Thought

Danwei. See
Urban work units

Daqing,
94
,
733
,
741
,
742
; and Yu Qiuli,
135
,
189
,
190
,
425
,
849n42

Dazhai,
94
,
141
,
190
,
237
,
421
,
437
,
438
,
439
,
441
,
733

Dean, David,
324

“Decision on the Reform of the Economic Structure” (1984),
466

Democracy Wall,
243
,
250
–
257
,
258
,
261
,
262
,
263
,
367
,
532

Deng Lin,
33
,
44
,
51
,
57
,
58

Deng Liqun,
152
,
192
,
308
,
309
,
575
,
669
,
722
–
725
,
803n14
,
846n4
; attitudes regarding intellectuals,
722
,
723
; attitudes regarding SEZs,
415
; during campaign against bourgeois liberalization,
586
–
587
,
660
; during campaign against spiritual pollution,
564
,
565
–
566
,
568
,
660
; during Cultural Revolution,
724
; relationship with Chen Yun,
354
,
431
,
679
,
722
,
724
,
725
; relationship with Deng Xiaoping,
123
,
136
,
152
,
197
,
258
,
261
,
354
,
358
,
366
–
367
,
382
,
392
,
440
–
441
,
557
,
558
,
559
,
560
–
561
,
562
–
563
,
567
,
571
,
579
,
580
,
586
–
587
,
722
,
724
; relationship with Hu Qiaomu,
261
,
358
,
366
,
557
,
558
,
565
–
566
,
726
,
826n45
,
846n5
; relationship with Hu Yaobang,
564
,
580
,
582
,
591
,
598
,
722
–
723
,
725
; relationship with Liu Shaoqi,
724
; relationship with Wang Zhen,
722
,
723
,
725
; sense of
yiqi
,
723
–
724
,
725

Deng Liujin,
645

Deng Maomao.
See
Deng Rong

Deng Nan,
33
,
44
,
51
,
53
,
57
,
58
,
671
,
675

Deng Pufang,
33
,
44
,
51
,
53
–
54
,
56
,
58
,
60
,
67
,
366
,
565

Deng Rong,
16
,
29
,
41
,
44
,
51
,
52
,
53
,
56
,
57
–
58
,
59
,
67
–
68
,
146
,
147
–
148
,
150
,
181
,
672
,
678
,
759n54
,
831n1

Deng Shimin,
15

Deng Wenming,
15
,
17
–
18
,
37

Deng Xiaoping: during anti-rightist campaign of 1957,
9
,
40
,
204
; and Central Party Work Conference (1978),
230
,
231
,
241
–
245
,
329
; as chief of General Staff,
92
,
97
–
103
,
210
,
762n19
; Chinese attitudes regarding,
9
,
26
; in Chongqing,
17
,
18
; during civil war,
6
,
7
,
9
,
32
,
33
–
36
,
63
,
75
,
210
,
270
,
530
,
542
,
731
–
732
,
733
,
736
,
737
; and Conference on Theoretical Principles (1979),
261
–
265
,
350
,
351
,
360
; during Cultural Revolution,
7
,
8
,
14
,
27
,
40
,
43
–
45
,
49
–
61
,
67
,
68
,
79
,
95
,
116
,
126
,
148
–
149
,
251
,
366
,
436
,
675
,
713
,
728
,
733
,
822n67
; death of,
690
; and death of Mao,
175
; and death of Zhou Enlai,
157
–
158
,
159
–
160
;
Deng Xiaoping nianpu
,
677
; early life,
15
–
18
; education of,
6
,
8
,
15
,
16
–
18
,
21
,
23
–
25
,
33
; at 11th Party Congress/3rd Plenum (1978),
190
,
192
,
254
,
676
,
728
; as finance minister,
7
,
38
,
732
; as first vice premier of the State Council,
88
–
89
,
742
–
743
; four cardinal principles
(jiben yuanze)
of,
262
–
265
,
350
,
351
,
360
,
555
,
570
,
579
,
581
,
582
,
584
,
588
,
591
,
608
,
627
,
642
,
658
,
726
; in France,
5
–
6
,
7
,
8
,
18
–
25
,
38
,
50
,
51
,
73
,
79
,
82
,
86
,
102
,
118
–
119
,
126
,
217
–
218
,
221
,
270
,
276
,
290
,
714
,
753n1
; in Fujian,
418
–
419
,
465
; as General Secretary of Communist Party,
39
,
40
,
68
,
79
,
93
,
353
,
382
,
542
,
728
; governing principles of,
384
–
393
; during Great Leap Forward,
41
,
42
,
367
,
388
; in Guangdong,
394
–
395
,
396
,
415
,
418
–
419
,
422
,
465
,
488
,
519
,
664
,
670
–
677
,
678
; in Guangxi,
6
,
26
–
27
,
29
,
32
,
68
,
270
,
490
; in Guangzhou,
227
,
670
–
671
; health,
181
–
182
; hearing problems,
5
,
59
,
60
,
116
,
148
,
224
,
377
–
378
,
380
,
648
,
672
; vs. Hua Guofeng,
173
,
184
–
186
,
189
,
190
,
246
,
256
,
311
,
359
,
380
,
398
,
693
; and IMF,
808n16
; in Japan,
220
,
255
,
266
,
275
,
297
–
310
,
326
,
403
,
433
,
463
,
529
–
530
,
714
,
724
; in Jiangxi province,
6
,
7
,
8
,
28
–
30
,
33
,
49
–
57
,
67
–
69
,
73
,
80
,
172
,
242
,
287
,
302
,
341
,
366
,
675
; in Jiangxi Soviet,
6
,
7
,
8
,
28
–
30
,
33
,
73
,
675
; in Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Border Region,
33
,
736
,
743
; leadership style,
9
,
35
,
106
,
202
–
203
,
204
,
205
–
206
,
293
,
377
–
393
,
402
,
423
–
424
,
435
,
449
,
453
,
474
–
476
,
693
–
694
; legacy of,
207
,
683
,
686
–
690
,
693
–
714
; during Long March,
6
,
7
,
30
,
301
–
302
; and Mao's
Selected Works
,
179
; vs. Mao Zedong,
5
,
8
,
9
,
13
,
14
,
16
,
29
,
32
,
41
,
42
–
43
,
52
,
99
,
142
,
153
–
154
,
185
,
227
,
247
,
261
,
264
–
265
,
267
,
268
,
269
,
275
,
284
,
312
,
319
,
320
,
338
,
351
,
352
,
361
–
362
,
365
,
377
,
383
,
384
,
385
,
386
,
391
,
401
,
440
–
441
,
455
,
466
,
475
,
477
,
487
–
488
,
513
,
527
,
535
,
538
,
541
–
542
,
543
–
544
,
554
–
555
,
558
,
567
,
587
,
661
,
684
,
685
–
686
,
690
,
698
–
699
,
701
–
702
,
703
–
705
,
706
,
708
,
713
; as military leader,
4
,
6
,
7
,
9
,
26
–
27
,
31
–
32
,
33
–
36
,
51
,
68
,
75
,
81
,
97
–
103
,
163
–
164
,
198
,
199
,
204
,
210
,
229
,
240
,
246
,
293
,
299
,
352
,
363
,
381
,
383
–
384
,
385
,
386
,
389
,
423
–
424
,
427
,
523
–
524
,
525
–
535
,
540
–
551
,
641
–
642
,
721
; name of,
753nn1
,
3
; and normalization of Sino-U.S. relations,
311
–
321
,
323
–
333
,
335
,
479
,
481
,
484
; personal appearance,
3
–
4
; personality,
3
–
5
,
8
–
9
,
29
,
51
,
52
,
83
,
98
,
155
,
267
–
268
,
290
,
301
,
313
,
318
–
319
,
345
–
346
,
383
,
495
,
567
,
695
,
721
,
729
; Politburo criticism of,
147
–
149
,
150
–
152
,
155
,
159
,
160
–
161
,
162
,
163
,
166
,
167
,
168
–
170
,
197
,
229
; and Political Research Office,
122
–
125
,
128
,
133
,
134
,
136
,
140
,
152
,
156
,
197
,
724
,
725
; popularity of,
166
,
169
,
170
,
194
–
195
,
196
–
197
,
199
,
251
,
384
,
445
,
465
–
466
,
471
; pragmatism of,
4
–
5
,
42
,
88
,
162
,
164
,
172
,
173
,
250
,
295
,
390
,
391
,
393
,
445
,
449
,
492
,
670
,
674
,
684
,
707
,
713
; as preeminent leader,
1
–
4
,
9
,
13
–
14
,
33
,
38
,
227
,
241
,
246
,
247
–
248
,
327
,
332
,
334
,
346
,
349
,
362
–
373
,
377
–
383
,
396
,
424
,
425
,
478
,
479
,
513
–
514
,
525
,
548
,
557
,
649
,
697
,
722
,
738
; as propagandist,
6
,
7
,
21
–
22
,
23
,
29
,
30
,
31
; and renegade group,
780n52
; retirement of,
644
–
648
,
657
,
666
;
Selected Works
,
84
,
382
,
680
,
722
,
763n40
; in Shanghai,
6
,
18
,
25
–
26
,
27
–
28
,
35
–
36
,
38
,
79
,
82
,
382
,
664
,
665
–
668
,
675
,
677
–
679
,
717
,
843n44
; in Shanxi,
31
–
32
; in Shenzhen,
664
,
670
–
671
,
672
–
674
,
675
–
676
,
678
; in Sichuan,
227
,
728
,
743
; Southern Tour,
669
–
684
,
685
,
687
,
688
–
689
,
690
,
713
; as Southwest Bureau head,
25
,
36
–
37
,
56
,
728
,
737
,
739
,
741
; in Soviet Union,
5
,
6
,
8
,
15
,
23
–
25
,
26
,
67
,
131
,
293
,
719
,
753n1
; speech on “The Present Situation and the Tasks before Us” (1980),
359
–
362
; as “steel factory,”
83
,
98
,
495
; during student demonstrations in 1989,
595
–
596
,
597
,
598
,
603
,
604
–
606
,
607
,
609
–
610
,
611
,
614
,
615
,
616
–
619
,
621
–
624
,
627
,
628
,
632
,
633
,
634
,
636
–
638
,
644
,
648
; trip to Northeast China (1978),