Dinosaurs Without Bones (70 page)

Finally, I always remember the dinosaur tracemakers—both those long dead and those still living among us as birds—for donating so much tangible evidence of their active, breathing existence. We live on a planet composed of many worlds separated by time, but these threads bring together a great tapestry of life, unfinished yet continually interwoven by its traces.

A
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B
 | 
C
 | 
D
 | 
E
F
 | 
G
 | 
H
 | 
I
 | 
J
K
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L
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M
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N
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O
P
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Q
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R
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S
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T
U
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V
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W
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Y
 | 
Z

A

Adélie penguin (
Pygoscelis adeliae
),
228

Aepyornis
(elephant bird),
301

African crowned eagles (
Stephanoaetus coronatus
),
303

Albertosaurus
,
186
,
189
,
260

Alcheringa
(Australian paleontology journal),
287

Alectura lathami
(Australian brush turkey),
105
,
298

Alexander, R. McNeil (physicist),
30–31
,
34–35
,
64

Alexander’s formula,
30
,
35

Alligator mississippiensis
(American alligator),
124
,
184

Alligator sinensis
(Chinese alligator),
124

Allosaurus
,
50
,
63
,
73
,
150–51
,
176–78
,
195
,
214–15
,
218
,
244
,
277
,
301
,
348
,
357

American alligator (
Alligator mississippiensis
),
124
,
184

American Museum of Natural History,
42
,
49
,
62
,
96

Anchiornis huxleyi
,
299

angiosperms (flowering plants),
353–57
,
361
.
See also
flowering plants

animal communities, evolution in,
9

anisodactyl,
307
,
309
,
314

ankylosaurs,
18–19
,
23
,
27
,
38
,
47
,
88
,
179
,
192
,
213
,
225
,
239–40
,
251
,
348
,
351–52
,
355
,
369

Antarctica,
18
,
23
,
150
,
270
,
293

Archaeopteryx lithographica
,
299

Argentavis magnificens
(giant teratorn),
299–300

Argentina,
12
,
18
,
25
,
43
,
94
,
96
,
101
,
109
,
112
,
206
,
219
,
263
,
301
,
345

arthropods,
259
,
327

Aurornis xui
,
299

Australia,
12
,
43
,
60–61
,
73
,
150
,
153–59
,
184
,
239
,
267–68
,
270–73
,
276–84
,
286–88
,
293
,
298–99
,
301–2
,
304
,
316
,
318
,
324
,
330
,
336–37
,
341
,
347
,
361
.
See also
Queensland, Australia; Victoria, Australia

Australian brush turkey (
Alectura lathami
),
105
,
298

Austrobaileya scandens
(perennial flowering
vine),
293

B

baseline gait,
28

bee hummingbird (
Mellisuga helenae
),
307

beetles

about,
8
,
108
,
360

carrion,
109
,
168

Cretaceous dung,
253
,
256
,
258

dung,
6–7
,
14
,
251–53
,
256
,
263
,
331
,
357

wood-boring,
254

bipedal.
See also
quadrupedal; three-toed; two-legged dinosaurs,
27
,
29
,
38
,
63
,
70
,
86
,
88
,
175
,
178
,
310

facultatively,
27

trackways,
32
,
70

Bird, Roland T. (paleontologist),
42
,
46
,
48
,
213

birds

carnivorous,
228
,
300

co-evolution of flowering plants and,
363

in Cretaceous Period,
360

early,
216
,
360

evolution of,
215
,
297–307
,
313
,
316–17
,
360–62
,
366

flightless birds are modern theropods,
36

in Mesozoic Era,
57
,
299–300
,
306
,
361

non-avian dinosaurs, evolution from,
15
,
361–62

bladed bumps (denticles),
180
,
182
,
261

bowerbirds,
293
,
324–25

brooding behavior,
106

burrows, fossil,
12
,
128

C

Camarasaurus
,
50
,
117
,
218

Canada,
10
,
23
,
47
,
189
,
219
,
260
,
270
,
333

Alberta,
9
,
163
,
168
,
260

British Columbia,
23

cannibalism,
163
,
187
,
189
,
234

carnivorous

birds,
228
,
300

dinosaurs,
13
,
130
,
166
,
182
,
249–50
,
261
,
358

theropods,
163
,
214
,
251–52
,
263

carrion beetles,
109
,
168

cassowaries,
289–300
,
307
,
309
,
325–26
,
346
,
361

Caudipteryx
,
214–15
,
217

Cenozoic Era (65
mya
)

birds, evolution of,
361

flowering plants in,
264
,
359–61

ceratopsian conflict,
6
,
172

ceratopsians,
5–6
,
8
,
10
,
18
,
20–21
,
23
,
27
,
35
,
38
,
45
,
47
,
52
,
55
,
70
,
87–88
,
92
,
96
,
128
,
162
,
169–73
,
178–79
,
185
,
192
,
213
,
219
,
251
,
305
,
348
,
351

CGI.
See
computer generated imagery (CGI)

China,
16
,
38
,
40
,
43
,
47
,
51
,
94
,
96
,
98
,
124
,
147–48
,
167
,
189
,
216
,
219
,
235–36
,
310
,
322

Chinese alligator (
Alligator sinensis
),
124

chinstrap penguin (
Pygoscelis antarctica
),
228

Choteau (Montana),
252

Citipati
,
38
,
93
,
96–97
,
106

clades/cladogram of dinosaurs,
18–19
,
27
,
55
,
92
,
215
,
266

clams,
5
,
52
,
205
,
239
,
320–21

Claosaurus
,
213

clawmarks,
71–72
,
292
,
312
,
315

climate change,
301
,
335
,
349–50
,
352
.
See also
global warming

cocoons

about,
8
,
99
,
107–8
,
188

fossil insect,
108–9
,
256

Late Cretaceous fossil,
122

co-evolution.
See also
Darwin, Charles; evolution

of flowering plants and birds,
363

of grasses and mammals,
264
,
354

cololites (fossil intestinal contents),
226
,
233
,
238
,
266

Colorado (USA),
23
,
43
,
46–47
,
114
,
243

combat (dinosaurs in),
52
,
162
,
172–74

computer generated imagery,
37
,
165
,
367

Confuciusornis
,
236

coprolites (fossil feces),
13–14
,
42
,
221
,
226
,
233
,
242
,
246–66
,
269–71
,
278
,
302–3
,
305
,
335
,
351
,
355
,
357
,
359
,
369

crawling on hands and knees,
27

Cretaceous Period (70
mya
).
See also
Early Cretaceous Period; Late Cretaceous Period; Middle Cretaceous Period

about,
3
,
41
,
134
,
351

angiosperm seeds,
354
,
361

ankylosaurs,
239

dinosaurs,
12
,
54
,
60
,
168
,
188
,
238
,
261
,
270
,
305
,
355

dung beetles,
253
,
256
,
258

early birds,
360

ecosystems,
187
,
253
,
258
,
364

egg-shaped mass of sandstone,
134

flowering plants in,
293
,
353–57
,
360–63

Frenchman Formation,
260

herbivorous dinosaurs,
355

meteorite (65
mya
, near Yucatan peninsula, Mexico),
131

in Montana and Alberta, Canada,
9

98 million years ago,
56

95 million years ago,
133

non-avian dinosaurs,
264
,
293

105 million years ago,
268

theropod dinosaurs,
290

titanosaurs,
118

Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary,
55

crocodiles (
Crocodylus porosus
),
184

“crouching” traces,
38

Cuba,
302
,
307

Cygnus falconeri
,
302

D

Darwin, Charles,
363–66
.
See also
evolution

Daspletosaurus
,
180
,
189
,
236–38
,
262

Davenport Ranch (Texas),
46

deinonychosaurs
,
16

Deinosuchus
,
184

denticles (bladed bumps),
180
,
182
,
261

Devonian Period (400
mya
),
232

diagonal-walking pattern/trackway,
38
,
310
,
336

dinosaur(s).
See also
non-avian dinosaurs

ancestors of,
14

behavior of,
12–13
,
18
,
27
,
33
,
142
,
162
,
177
,
193
,
196
,
220
,
233
,
269
,
353
,
355
,
366–68
,
370

bipedal,
27
,
29
,
38
,
63
,
70
,
86
,
88
,
175
,
178
,
310

butt,
39

cared for their young,
85

clade of,
27
,
55

in Cretaceous Period,
12
,
54
,
60
,
168
,
188
,
238
,
261
,
270
,
305
,
355

ecosystems,
226

eggs,
12
,
85
,
90–95
,
97
,
102
,
252
,
345
,
348

evolution of,
14–15
,
18–19
,
85
,
92
,
214
,
242–43
,
362