Authors: Jeremy Scahill
513
“A decade of war
”:
Transcript, “Inaugural Address by President Barack Obama,” January 21, 2013.
513
US drone strike
:
Reuters, “U.S. Drone Strike Kills Four in Yemen: Sources,” January 21, 2013.
513
more people had been killed
:
According to available estimates, in 2012 drone strikes killed at least 246 people in Pakistan, and at least 185 people in Yemen. In Somalia, there were only two confirmed strikesâalthough operations in Somalia are especially likely to go underreportedâkilling at least a dozen people. See Chris Woods, Jack Serle, and Alice K. Ross, “Emerging from the Shadows: US Covert Drone Strikes in 2012,”
Bureau of Investigative Journalism
, January 3, 2013. As of November 2012, there were 166 people in detention at Guantánamo Bay; see Associated Press, “Report Shows U.S. Jails Could House Guantanamo Detainees,”
CBSNews.com
, November 2012.
513
systematizing the kill list
:
Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, and Karen DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass in Counterterrorism âPlaybook,' Officials Say,”
Washington Post
, January 19, 2013.
513
one hundred countries
:
Admiral William McRaven, Commander, US Special Operations Command, “Posture Statement,” prepared for the Senate Armed Services Committee, March 6, 2012.
513
nomination was scuttled
:
Pamela Hess (AP), “Potential CIA Chief Cites Critics in Ending Bid,”
Seattle Times
, November 26, 2008.
514
“playbook
”:
Miller, Nakashima, and DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass.”
514
“now so routine
”:
Greg Miller, “Plan for Hunting Terrorists Signals U.S. Intends to Keep Adding Names to Kill Lists,”
Washington Post
, October 23, 2012. The following details of Brennan's role and the “Disposition Matrix” are from the
Washington Post
article.
514
“white paper
”:
Department of Justice white paper, “Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa'ida or An Associated Force,” obtained by NBC News, released February 4, 2013,
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf
.
514
“chilling document
”:
Michael Isikoff, “Exclusive: Justice Department Memo Reveals Legal Case for Drone Strikes on Americans,”
NBCNews.com
, February 4, 2013.
515
“This power is going to be available
”:
Transcript, “Kill List Exposed: Leaked Obama Memo Shows Assassination of U.S. Citizens âHas No Geographic Limit,'”
Democracy Now!
, February 5, 2013.
515
“I don't oppose all wars
”:
Barack Obama, “Transcript: Obama's Speech Against the Iraq War,” October 2, 2002, transcript
available via
NPR.org
,
www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99591469
.
515
“Ask Osama bin Laden
”:
Jim Kuhnhenn (AP), “Obama Answers Appeasement Charge: âAsk Bin Laden,'”
AP Online
, December 8, 2011.
515
2012 poll
:
Scott Wilson and Jon Cohen, “Poll Finds Broad Support for Obama's Counterterrorism Policies,”
WashingtonPost.com
, February 8, 2012.
516
“I want to make sure that people understand
”:
“Obama Addresses Drone Strikes During âHangout,'” YouTube video, 4:04, Obama response to question during Google+ video forum on January 30, 2012, posted by “TheDailyConversation,” January 30, 2012,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rPMPMqOjKY
.
516
“spinning the number of civilian casualties
”:
Michael J. Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare,”
International Affairs
89 (1) (2013).
517
“It's very important for the president
”:
Transcript, “Debate Night in America,” CNN, October 22, 2012.
517
“represents a betrayal
”:
Michael Boyle, “Obama's Drone Wars and the Normalisation of Extrajudicial Murder,” op-ed,
Guardian.co.uk
, June 11, 2012.
517
ruled on the request
:
New York Times v. Department of Justice, and ACLU v. Department of Justice, 1:11-cv-09336-CM, “Corrected Opinion Granting the Government's Motion for Summary Judgment and Denying Plaintiffs' Cross Motion for Summary Judgment by Judge Colleen McMahon” (DCSNY January 3, 2013). The
New York Times
and the ACLU filed two distinct but similar suits in 2012 that were ultimately combined.
518
“winning or losing
”:
Donald Rumsfeld, memorandum for Gen. Richard Myers, Paul Wolfowitz, Gen. Peter Pace, and Douglas Feith, “Subject: The Global War on Terrorism,” October 16, 2003, published in full by
USAToday.com
, May 20, 2005.
519
“adverse strategic effects
”:
Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”
519
“there's no country on Earth
”:
Transcript, “Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Shinawatra in a Joint Press Conference,” Government House, Bangkok, Thailand, November 18, 2012.
519
“If I had to summarize
”:
Jeh Charles Johnson, “The Conflict Against Al Qaeda and Its Affiliates: How Will It End?” speech at Oxford University, November 30, 2012, full text of remarks available via Lawfare (blog),
www.lawfareblog.com/2012/11/jeh-johnson-speech-at-the-oxford-union/#_ftni
. All statements attributed to Jeh Johnson come from the speech.
519
“secondary parties to murder
”:
Ravi Somaiya, “Drone Strike Prompts Suit, Raising Fears for U.S. Allies,”
New York Times
, January 30, 2013.
519
UN commission
:
Owen Bowcott, “UN to Investigate Civilian Deaths from US Drone Strikes,”
Guardian.co.uk
, October 25, 2012.
520
“encouraging a new arms race
”:
Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”
520
“Western democracies
”:
Ben Emmerson, “Statement by UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights Concerning the Launch of an Inquiry into the Civilian Impact, and Human Rights Implications of the Use [of] Drones and Other Forms of Targeted Killing for the Purpose of Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency,” news release from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 1, 2012.
520
“We will defend our people
”:
Barack Obama, transcript, “Inaugural Address,” January 2013.
Abab, Adil al-,
460
â461
Abbottabad compound.
See under
Bin Laden, Osama
Abdel-Aziz, Nayef bin,
278
Abdullah, Tariq (aka Talha al Sudani),
119
,
127
â128,
196
Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk (“Underwear Bomber”),
317
â321,
359
,
363
,
369
,
379
,
400
â401,
506
Abdulsalam, Ali Abdullah (aka Mullah Zabara),
318
,
465
â467
Abizaid, John,
111
,
138
,
207
â208
Able Danger (code name),
139
Abrams, Elliott,
7
Abu Ghraib prisoner-abuse scandal,
146
,
148
,
157
,
160
,
163
,
191
“Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Slaughters an American” (Zarqawi video),
163
ACCMs.
See
Alternative Compartmentalized Control Measures
ACLU.
See
American Civil Liberties Union the Activity.
See
Intelligence Support Activity
Adam, Jean and Scott,
482
â483
Adamson, Sierra,
510
Addington, David,
7
,
24
,
29
,
88
â89
Addou, Ibrahim Hassan,
300
Advance Force Operations (AFOs),
92
Afghan Ministry of Interior,
337
â338,
339
and Awlaki, Anwar,
34
,
42
â43,
47
Black Jail,
331
Blackwater in,
177
and civilian casualties, protests against,
347
Copper Green in,
146
cruise missile attacks in,
6
,
126
drone strikes in,
17
insurgency,
349
and Iraq, and unified task force,
138
ISAF in,
459
and JSOC, detainee operations in,
331
and JSOC, night raids in,
331
,
334
(
see also
Gardez raid/massacre)
and mujahedeen-Soviet war,
34
,
62
,
215
and Obama/Obama administration,
258
,
282
,
284
secret US prisons in,
25
â26
SOF night raids in,
347
â348
and Special Ops/CIA reassigned to Iraq,
139
suicide bombers/bombings in,
412
Taliban in,
328
US counterinsurgency and covert war in, escalation of,
330
â331
US counterinsurgency in,
328
â331
US dead in,
348
US Field Detention Sites in,
331
US global kill list doctrine/night raids/snatch operations in,
330
,
332
â334
US surge in,
328
â329
See also
Bagram Air Base
AFOs.
See
Advance Force Operations
African Security Research Project,
298
African Union forces, US-backed, and al Shabab in Somalia,
272
â273,
277
African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM),
227
,
272
â273,
396
â397,
477
and al Shabab,
475
â476,
488
,
490
,
491
and al Shabab, and base bombing,
298
â299
and Burundian-led force in Daynile, against al Shabab,
492
CIA support for,
475
and civilian casualties,
474
and private security companies,
485
,
486
and Saracen International,
485
AFRICOM (United States Africa Command),
236
,
298
,
483
Aftergood, Steven,
99
Ahadi, Shahyesta Jan,
338
â339
Ahdal, Muhammad Hamdi al-,
130
Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama (ASWJ),
478
â480,
488
Ahmar, Ali Mohsin al-,
431
Ahmed, Shirwa,
271
AIAI.
See
Al Itihaad al Islamiya
Akbar, Hasan,
240
Al-Aulaqi v. Obama,
391
â392
Al Itihaad al Islamiya (AIAI),
121
â122,
196
,
199
Al Mohaya housing compound, Laban Valley,
130
in Africa,
139
and Al Mohaya housing compound, Laban Valley, bombing,
130
and al Shabab,
196
â197,
199
â200,
223
and al Shabab, alliance between, in Somalia,
393
â394
and attacks in Marib Province,
230
â231
and Awlaki, Anwar,
67
,
361
â363
and covert action, expansion of,
259
â260
and covert action, oversight of,
16
â17
in East Africa,
125
,
295
,
487
,
491
and Ethiopian occupation of Somalia,
225
â226
expansion of,
281
and Fazul,
198
â200
and Houthi rebellion,
131
â132
and JSOC,
53
and lethal authority,
5
,
18
,
22
â23
in Liberia,
139
and Majalah massacre rally, hijacking of,
311
in Mesopotamia,
113
and Obama,
248
,
255
â257,
320
â321
in Pakistan,
114
,
217
â218,
255
â256
and post-Iraq invasion presence,
141
â142
and recruitment, and jihad in Somalia,
228
â229