Double Agent (43 page)

] bombsight was largely political and that if he could get any evidence that the Germans had it, or something like it, he would release it to us.”

: Zimmerman,

, 70, 82.

: Jennet Conant,

(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002), 182.

: McJimsey,

32:112–20.

: Friedemann quote from Art Ronnie interview, November 29, 1974.

: Irving,

, 106–7; and Richard Overy,

(New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 95.

: Odgen Hammond folder, Box 57, Adolf Berle Papers, FDR Library, Hyde Park, NY.

: Hans Ritter would flee the United States before the FBI had gathered enough evidence to hold him.

: All told, Sebold received some $22,000 from Ast Hamburg.

: It was the first of eighty-one meetings hosted by Sebold in Room 627. Batvinis,

, 249.

: Among the German-born aircraft technicians that Carl Reuper sought to recruit was Walter Nipkin, who promptly informed the FBI and became the second double agent in the case (and in the history of the Bureau). As it happens, Nipkin was a native of Mülheim, Germany. Asked at the trial if he had met Sebold, he said he had. They had played together as children but hadn’t seen each other since.

: Batvinis,

, 207–25.

: Saul Kelly,

The English Patient (Boulder, CO: Westview Books, 2002), 160–74.

: Of his spies in Great Britain, the record was not good. Operation Lena, Ast Hamburg’s attempt to insert agents in preparation for Sea Lion, was an unmitigated disaster. “Of the twenty-five German spies sent to Britain between September 3 and November 12, 1940, all but one was caught (the lone evader shot himself); five were executed; fifteen were imprisoned; and four became double agents, the first recruits of what would grow into a substantial army of deceivers.” Ben Macintyre,

(New York: Crown, 2012), 36.

: David M. Kennedy,

(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 476.

: Batvinis,

, 252–53.

: Corum,

, 269; and Horst Boog, “German Air Intelligence in the Second World War,” in

, ed. Michael Handel (London and Portland, OR: F. Cass, 1990).

: Heinkel,

, 200.

: From an interview with former special agent Richard L. Johnson conducted by Art Ronnie, November 25, 1974.

: Published in the

on July 12, 1941.

:

series D, 8:98–99.

: Document #270473-77, Politisches Archiv des Auswärtiges Amt, Berlin.

: In his memoir, Ernst Heinkel writes that the problem of German horizontal bombers’ hitting “the target with any degree of accuracy” was “solved only in 1938–39 when a German fitter who worked for the Norden factory in New York betrayed the secret of the bombsight to the Luftwaffe.” Heinkel,

, 162

On May 9, 1945, the day after Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender, US occupation forces interviewed Herbert Kortum, the chief bombsight engineer for the Carl Zeiss company, which provided precision instruments for the Luftwaffe. “He answered the questions put to him but actually volunteered very little information of his own accord,” wrote a Captain James Harris. Kortum, an ideological Nazi who was a member of the SS for a time, denied any knowledge of a German effort to duplicate the Norden bombsight. Headquarters Air Technical Service Command in Europe, Director of Technical Services, APO 633, report of visit to the Carl Zeiss Factory at Jena, Germany, May 9, 1945, submitted by Captain James Harris to the Director of Intelligence, Headquarters USSTAF; Dolores L. Augustine,

(Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2007), 134.

Greer

: Donald E. Schmidt,

(New York: Algora Publishing, 2005), 174.

: Ronnie,

308.

: Statement by General Major Lahousen, 109/51, Record Group 226, National Archives, College Park, MD.

: General Records of the Department of the Navy, Secretary of the Navy/CNO Formerly Classified Correspondence, Box 254, Record Group 80, National Archives, College Park, MD.

: From an interview with former special agent Richard L. Johnson conducted by Art Ronnie, November 25, 1974.

: Arnold Krammer,

(London; Boulder, CO; and Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997), 32.

: Ronnie,

, 308.

: Krammer,

31–37.

: Ibid., 34.

: Case File 2017C:

, Criminal Case Files, US District Court for the District of New Jersey, Newark Term, Record Group 21, National Archives at New York City.

: See David Kahn,

(New York: Macmillan, 1978).

: MacDonnell,

182.

: Charles McClain, ed.,

(New York: Garland, 1994), 39.

: Sebold personal FBI file.

: Albert L. Pardini,

(Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1999), 274–79.

: McFarland,

, 155.

Collier’s

: Stephen Budiansky,

(New York: Viking, 2004), 286.

: McFarland,

, 168.

: Ibid., 184.

: Ibid., 209.

: John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr,

(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 333.

: Ronnie,

313.

: Ibid., 316.

: Ibid., 320, 325.

: Folder 16, Box 423, William Langer Papers, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota.

Stern

: One of the reporters on the

piece was Günter Peis, who published a chapter about the Sebold case in

(New York: Henry Holt, 1958), 19–41. The book was cowritten with Charles Wighton. The authors claim that Canaris and Lahousen were summoned to Hitler’s side following the announcement of the arrests in the Duquesne case. “There was the usual preliminary shouting and weeping,” they write. “Then Hitler, working up to the climax of his rage, demanded to know how Canaris ‘explained this treachery of a German-American.’ ”

“How is it possible, Herr Admiral?” screamed Hitler, the authors claimed. “How could it occur? I demand an explanation.”

: The Bureau quotations for the remainder of this chapter come from Sebold personal FBI file.

The Director:

FBI

The Ideologue:

Brooklyn Public Library—Brooklyn Collection

Hitler’s Spymaster:

Katharine R. Wallace

The Grifter:

FBI

The Glory Hound:

Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., All Rights Reserved

The Capital of German America:

Associated Press

The Pioneer:

Diana Schumann

The Bundesführer:

Associated Press

The Double Agent:

Shirley Camerer; Sebold’s Declaration of Intention: National Archives

The Handler:

Ellsworth family

The Radio Station:

Jim Millen; Special Agent Richard Millen: Jim Millen

The Femme Fatale:

FBI

The Man Who Killed Kitchener:

FBI

The Coup de Grâce:

All four photos FBI

The Ring:

FBI

Bill and Helen Sebold:

Shirley Camerer

Abraham Lincoln Brigade,

18

Abwehrstelle (Ast) Hamburg office,

13

,

15

,

21

,

22

,

37

,

39

,

44

,

96

,

100

,

102

,

132

,

136

,

138

,

150

,

161

,

174

,

175

,

177

,

179

,

188

,

189

,

191

,

192

,

196

,

201

,

204

,

205

,

210

,

231

,

311

n,

318

n,

319

n

Ahrens, Adolf,

116

Airplane and Marine Division Finder Company,

101

Air Terminals Co.,

96

,

153

,

155

,

156

Albania,

107

Alien Enemies Act,

245

Alien Enemy Control Unit,