Empire of the Sikhs (40 page)

19
Papers Relating to the Punjab, 1847-9,
Inclosure No. 1 in No. 39, p. 376, Harrison and Son, London.

20
R. Bosworth Smith,
Life of Lord Lawrence,
Smith, Elder and Co., London, Vol. 1, 1883,
pp. 307–8.

21
Press lists of old records in the
Punjab Secretariat Supplementary,
5 April 1849-10 February 1853.

C
HAPTER
7: Flouting the Republican Tradition

1
Bhagat Singh,
A History of the Sikh Misals,
Panjabi University, Patiala, 1993, p. 81.

2
Henry Steinbach,
The Country of the Sikhs
[1846], KLM Book House, New Delhi, 1978, p. 14.

3
General Sir John J.H. Gordon,
The Sikhs,
pp. 116–17.

4
C.H. Payne,
A Short History of the Sikhs,
pp. 133–4.

5
Henry T. Prinsep,
Origins of the Sikh Power,
p. 214.

6
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 200.

7
Max Arthur Macauliffe,
The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors
[1909], Oxford University Press, Oxford, Vol. 5, 1995,
pp. 243–4.

8
Kapur Singh,
Parasaraprasna or the Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Singh: An Exposition of Sikhism,
Hind Publishers, Jullundar, 1959, p. 366.

9
Kapur Singh,
Parasaraprasna,
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 1989,
pp. 59–60.

10
Ibid., p. 43.

11
Translation of a verse attributed to the Sikh historian Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangu, author of
Pracin Panth Prakas,
1841, quoted in Kapur Singh,
Parasaraprasna,
p. 41.

12
Patwant Singh,
The Sikhs,
p. 148.

C
HAPTER
8: The Decadent and Deceitful

1
Major G. Smyth,
A History of the Reigning Family of Lahore,
p. 25.

2
For example, Syad Muhammad Latif,
History of the Punjab
[1891], p. 498.

3
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Life and Times of Ranjit Singh,
p. 217.

4
Fauja Singh,
Maharaja Kharak Singh,
Panjabi University, Patiala, 1977, p. xliv.

5
Major G. Smyth,
A History of the Reigning Family of Lahore,
p. 36.

6
Ibid., p. 36.

7
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 209.

8
Syad Muhammad Latif,
History of the Punjab,
p. 502.

9
Major G. Smyth,
A History of the Reigning Family of Lahore,
p. 38.

10
Syad Muhammad Latif,
History of the Punjab,
pp. 505–6.

11
Ibid, p. 506.

12
Ganda Singh,
The Punjab in 1839-40,
p. 17.

13
Syad Muhammad Latif,
History of the Punjab,
p. 507.

14
Hari Ram Gupta,
Panjab on the Eve of the First Sikh War,
Panjab University, Chandigarh, 1956, p. 39.

15
C.H. Payne,
A Short History of the Sikhs,
p. 114.

16
Ibid., p. 144.

17
Emily Eden,
Up the Country
[1930], Curzon Press, London, 1978, p. 22.

18
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Life and Times of Ranjit Singh,
pp. 223–4.

19
Harbans Singh,
The Heritage of the Sikhs,
Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 1985, p. 199.

20
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Life and Times of Ranjit Singh,
p. 201.

21
Michael Alexander and Sushila Anand,
Queen Victoria's Maharajah: Duleep Singh 1838-93,
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1980, p. 2.

22
C.H. Payne,
A Short History of the Sikhs,
p. 146.

C
HAPTER
9: Twilight of an Empire

1
S.S. Thorburn,
The Punjab in Peace and War,
p. 2.

2
Major Evans Bell,
The Annexation of the Punjab and Maharajah Duleep Singh
[1882], Nirmal Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1986,
pp. 9–10.

3
Barbara W. Tuchman,
Sand Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1911-45,
Macmillan, London, 1971, p. 436.

4
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet: The First Sikh War,
London, Jarrolds, 1968, p. x.

5
Viscount Hardinge,
Rulers of India,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1900, p. 28.

6
Ibid.,
pp. 49–50.

7
S.S. Thorburn,
The Punjab in Peace and War,
p. 4.

8
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 279.

9
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Life and Times of Ranjit Singh,
p. 251.

10
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations, 1799-1849,
V.V. Research Institute, Hoshiarpur, 1968, p. 189.

11
Hari Ram Gupta,
Punjab, Central Asia and the First Afghan War,
Panjab University, Chandigarh, 1943, p. 271.

12
Harbans Singh,
Heritage of the Sikhs,
p. 198.

13
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
The Punjab Papers (1836-1849),
V.V. Research Institute, Hoshiarpur, 1970, p. 72.

14
Dewan Ajudhia Parshad,
Waqai Jang-i-Sikhan [Events of the (First) Anglo-Sikh War – 1845-46],
Punjab Itihas Prakashan, Chandigarh, 1975,
pp. 11–12.

15
Patwant Singh,
The Sikhs,
p. 153.

16
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
pp. 257–8.

17
Sita Ram Kohli,
Sunset of the Sikh Empire,
Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1967,
p. 103
, n. 2.

18
Ibid., p. 106.

19
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 292.

20
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
p. 46.

21
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 265.

22
Sita Ram Kohli,
Sunset of the Sikh Empire,
p. 106.

23
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 266.

24
Khushwant Singh,
The Fall of the Kingdom of Punjab,
Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1962, p. 99.

25
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 267.

26
W.L. McGregor,
The History of the Sikhs,
Vol. 2, p. 120.

27
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
p. 90.

28
Sita Ram Kohli,
Sunset of the Sikh Empire,
p. 106.

29
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
p. 101.

30
Quoted in Ian Heath,
The Sikh Army 1799-1849,
p. 13.

31
Quoted ibid., p. 22.

32
‘The Return of Ordnance', in
Despatches of Lord Hardinge, Lord
Gough and Sir Harry Smith and Other Documents,
Oliver and Ackerman, London, 1846, p. 36.

33
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
p. 99.

34
Major G. Smyth,
A History of the Reigning Family of Lahore,
p. xxvi.

35
Syad Muhammad Latif,
History of the Punjab,
p. 544.

36
Sita Ram Kohli,
Sunset of the Sikh Empire,
p. 112.

37
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations 1799-1949,
p. 284.

38
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
pp. 134–45.

39
Ibid., p. 143.

40
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations 1799-1849,
p. 284.

41
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
pp. 145–6.

42
Ibid., p. 146.

43
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 284.

44
Ibid.

45
Ibid, p. 279.

46
Donald Featherstone,
At Them with the Bayonet,
p. 153.

47
Joseph Davey Cunningham,
A History of the Sikhs,
p. 289.

48
E. Dalhousie Login,
Lady Login's Recollections: Court Life and Camp Life 1820-1904,
Panjabi University (Languages Department) Patiala, 1970, p. 95.

49
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations 1799-1849,
p. 359.

50
The Tribune,
25 October 1893.

51
W.L. McGregor,
The History of the Sikhs,
Vol. 2, p. 256.

52
Papers relating to the Punjab, 1847-9,
Inclosure No.
32
in No.
38,
Harrison and Son, London.

53
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations 1799-1849,
p. 323.

54
Patwant Singh,
The Sikhs,
pp. 168–9.

55
Bikrama Jit Hasrat,
Anglo-Sikh Relations 1799-1849,
p. 328.

56
Ibid., p. 332.

57
Ibid.,
pp. 335–7.

58
S.S. Thorburn,
The Punjab in Peace and War,
p. 142.

59
Ibid.,
pp. 139–40.

60
Press lists of old records in the Punjab Secretariat: ‘From the Secretary to the Government of India to the Board of Administration for the affairs of the Punjab',
p. 277
(11 June 1851).

61
Ibid., p. 223.

62
Ibid., ‘From Captain J.M. Drake, to P. Melvill, Secretary to the Board of Administration, Punjab',
p. 130
(24 May 1849).

63
Ibid., Vol. XII, ‘Board of Administration, Punjab, 5 April 1849 to 10 February 1853', p. 31.

64
Ibid., Vol. 11, ‘From the Secretary to the Board of Administration, Punjab, to the Secretary to the Government of India',
p. 180
(19 July 1850).

65
Lady Login,
Sir John Login and Duleep Singh (1809-1886)
[1889], Panjab University (Languages Department), Chandigarh, 1970,
pp. 179–83.

66
Ibid., p. 548.

67
Patwant Singh,
The Sikhs,
p. 176.

BOOKS, GAZETTEERS AND ARTICLES

Ahluwalia, M.L.,
Life and Times of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia,
Panjabi University, Patiala, 1989

Ahuja, Roshan Lal,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh,
Punjab Writers' Cooperative Society, New Delhi, 1983

Aijazuddin, F.S.,
Historical Images of Pakistan,
Ferozsons, Lahore, 1992

Aijazuddin, F.S.,
Lahore: Illustrated Views of the Nineteenth Century,
Mappin, Ahmedabad, 1988

Aijazuddin, F.S.,
Lahore Recollected – an Album,
Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2003

Aijazuddin, F.S.,
Sikh Portraits by European Artists,
Sotheby Parke Bernet Publications, London, 1979

Alexander, Michael and Sushila Anand,
Queen Victoria's Maharajah Duleep Singh 1838-93,
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1980

Ali, Shahamat,
The Sikhs and Afghans
[1849], Nirmal Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1986

Allan, J.M.A.,
The Cambridge Shorter History of India,
S. Chand and Co., New Delhi, 1964

Archer, W.G.,
Paintings of the Sikhs,
Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1966

Baillie, F. Alexander,
Kurrachee: Past, Present and Future,
Oxford University Press, Karachi, 1997

Baqir, M.,
Lahore: Past and Present
[1952], Low Price Publications, Delhi, 1993

Barr, Lieutenant William,
Journal of a March from Delhi to Cabul
[1844], Panjabi University (Languages Department), Patiala, 1970

Bell, Major Evans,
The Annexation of the Punjaub and Maharajah Duleep Singh
[1882], Nirmal Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1986

Bhatia, H.S.,
Rare Documents on Sikhs and Their Rule in the Punjab,
Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi, 1992

Burnes, Sir Alexander,
Cabool: A Personal Narrative of a Journey to, and Residence in That City, the Years 1836-1838
[1841], Indus Publications, Karachi, 1986

Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad,
Lahore Fort: A Witness to History,
Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 1999

Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad (ed.),
The Maharaja Duleep Singh and the Government: A Narrative,
Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 1999

Cole, John Jones,
A Sketch of the Siege of Mooltan
[ 1849], Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 1999

Cotton, J.S.,
Rulers of India: Mountstuart Elphinstone
[1896], Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1896

Court, Henry,
History of the Sikhs
[1888], Longmans, Calcutta, 1959

Cunningham, Alexander,
The Ancient Geography of India
[1871], Indological Book House, Varanasi, 1979

Cunningham, Joseph Davey,
A History of the Sikhs: From the Origins of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej
[1849], S. Chand and Co., Delhi, 1966

Dani, Ahmad Hasan,
Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier,
Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 1995

Data, Piara Singh,
The Sikh Empire,
National Book Shop, Delhi, 1986

Douie, Sir James,
The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir
[1916], Low Price Publications, Delhi, 1994

Duggal, K.S.,
Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign,
Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1989