Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia From the Bronze Age to the Present (101 page)

INDEX

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Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle

Abahai.
See
Hung Taiji

‘Abbâs I, Safavid shâh

‘Abbâs II, Safavid shâh

Abbasid Revolution

Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasids
See also
Arab Empire

‘Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph

‘Abd al-Raḥman, governor of Spain

‘Abû al-’Abbâs, first Abbasid

caliph

Abû Bakr, first caliph

Abû Ja’far al-Mansûr, second Abbasid

caliph

Abû Sa’îd, last Il-Khan

Abû Yazîd al-Bistâmî, first Sufi mystic

Adrianople, Battle of

Aetius, Flavius, Roman general

Afghanistan, Afghan Civil

War
See also
Sur

Afonso de Albuquerque

Agni.
See
Karashahr

Agra

Akbar, Mughal emperor

Ak-Koyunlu

Aksu

Al-Akhfash al-Ausat.
See
Al-Mujâshi’î

of Balkh

Alamut

Alans

Albanian

Albazin

Al-Birûnî

Aleppo

Alexander the Great

Al-Fârâbî, Avennasar

Al-Farghânî, Alfraganus

Al-Ghazâlî, Algazel

Algorithmus.
See
al-Khwârizmî

Al-Ḥajjâj ibn Yûsuf, Umayyad

governor-general

Alhambra

‘Alî, fourth caliph

Al-Khwârizmî, Algorithmus

alliances, Allied Powers

Allies Arab-Chinese,

Axis Central

Powers Ch’ing-Russian

Mongolian-Soviet Paekche-

Koguryo-Japanese T’ang-Silla Tibetan-Western Turk

alligators

Al-Ma’mûn, Abbasid caliph

Al-Mujâshi’î of Balkh, actual author of

al-Kitâb,

Al-Mu’tasim, Abbasid caliph

Alp Arslan, Seljuk ruler

Alpha Male Hierarchy

Alptigin, Samanid-Ghaznavid ruler

Altai Mountains

Altan Khan

Alutâr, king of Ferghana

Al-Walîd I, Umayyad caliph

Al-Wâthiq, Abbasid caliph

Amazons

American Indians

Amursana, Junghar leader

Anacharsis, Scythian philosopher

Anagai, Avar kaghan

Anatolian

Anglo-Saxons

Angora Battle of

An-hsi, Pacified West Protectorate,

An Lu-shan, T’ang rebel

An-nan, Annam

Anthony, David W.

Arab Empire, Arabs

first civil war

Arabs in Spain
(see
Spain, Arabs in)

Araxes River

architecture

destruction of
See also

Modernism: in architecture

Ardaric, King of the Gepids

Ardawân (Artabanus V), Parthian ruler

Ardaxšēr (Ardashir Papakan)

Ariq Böke, Mongol leader

Aristotle

Armenia, Armenians

Armenian

Arnulfings, Pippinids.
See
Pippin

Árpád, Hungarian ruler

arrows, arrowheads

Arsacids.
See
Parthians

Aršilas, A-shih-na, royal clan of the Türk

art, artists, artworks

See also
architecture;

Modernism: in architecture;

Modernism, in the arts; Modernism:

in music; Modernism: in painting;

Modernism: in poetry; music;

painting; poetry

Art

anthropomorphism of

Artavasdos, Byzantine leader

Assassins, Ismâ’îlî order

Assyrians

Astrakhan Khanate

Asvin, Wu-sun

name origin myth,

Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

Atil, Itil, capital of the Khazars

Âtiśa, Buddhist teacher

Atlakh, Battle of

Attila the Hun

Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor

autarkic theory.
See
non-autarkic theory

automobiles

Ava

Avars (Jou-jan), Avar Empire

identity problem

Averroës, Ibn Rushd

Avestan, Avesta

Avicenna.
See
Ibn Sînâ

Ayutthaya, Ayodhya

‘Ayn Jalût, Battle of

Baatur Khungtaiji, Junghar ruler,

Babur, first Mughal emperor

Babylonians

Bactra.
See
Balkh

Bactria, Bactriana

conquest by Alexander the Great

conquest by Hephthalites

conquest by Tokharians

Bactria-Margiana Archaeological

Complex

Baghdad

Baibaghas, Oirat khan

Balâsâghûn

Balkh (Bactra)

Baltic

Balûr.
See
Bruźa

Bandar ‘Abbâs

Bangkok

barbarian, barbarians,

meaning of

Chinese non-equivalents of

bards

Barlas, Barulas

Barmakids, Barmecides

barrow

Bâšak, king of Ferghana

Basmïl

Basra

Batu

Bâyazîd, Ottoman sultan

Baykand, Paykand

Beauty, the Beautiful

Béla IV, king of Hungary

Beowulf,

Berke, son of Batu

Berlin

Beshbalik

Bihzad

Bilgä Kaghan, Eastern Türk ruler,

birds, in origin myths

black.
See
Modernism: in painting

Black Death

Bleda, brother of Attila

Blue Horde.
See
Sibir

Bolshevism.
See
communism

Bod,
native name of Tibet

Bombay

bombs.
See
firearms

Bon, form of Tibetan Buddhism

Bonn

bows

Boxer Rebellion

Brezhnev

Britain, British

British India

bronze

Bronze Inscriptions

Bruźa, Balûr

bubonic plague.
See
Black Death

Buddhism among early Turks,

among Kushans among

Manchus among Mongols,

among Tanguts canon

in Central Asia in China,

influence on early Islam,

in Tibet
See also individual sects

Bukhara, Bukharan Kingdom

king of

Bulgars, Danubian

Bulgars, Volga

Bulge, Battle of the

Bulghar

Bumïn.
See
Tumïn

bunnies.
See
rabbits

bushi,
samurai

Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman

Empire

See also
Romans

Cabral, Pedro Alvarez

Caesar, Julius

Caffa

Cage, John

Calcutta

Calicut

caliphate.
See
Arab Empire

Cambaluc, Khanbalik.
See
Peking

cannons.
See
firearms

Canton

Carl, Charles Martel, Frankish Mayor of the Palace

Carolingian Dynasty

Carolingian Revolution

Catalaunian Fields, Battle of the

cats

Celeres, early Roman comitatus

Celtic, Celts

Central Asia, definition of

Central Eurasia: definition of

peoples of subregions of

Central Eurasian Culture Complex

typical knives of

Central Steppe, defined

Chaghatai Horde

châkars,
Central Asian comitatus

warriors

Arab caliphs’

King of the

Ch’ang-an

Chang Ch’ien

chariot Chinese

word for earliest,

Egyptian as

funeral vehicle Hittite

Mitanni

Mycenean Greek

in Shang China

chariot warriors

Charlemagne, Carolus Magnus, Carolingian king

Charles the Bald, Frankish king

Chechens, Chechnya

Ch’iang, Chiang

feminine character name

Chiang Kai-shek

Ch’ien-lung Emperor

Childeric I, king of the Franks

Ch’i-lien ‘Heavenly’ Mountains

Ch’in, Chinese kingdom and dynasty

Chin, late Classical dynasty

Chin, medieval dynasty.
See
Jurchen Empire

China, People’s Republic of communists

China, Republic of, Nationalists

Chinese Empire, Chinese
See also
China;
individual dynasties

Chinese language, genesis of

formation of writing

system

Ch’ing Dynasty
See also
Manchu-Chinese Empire

chinggis,
meaning of

Chinggis Khan, Temüjin

friends of

See also
comitatus: individual examples

Ch’ing-t’ang kingdom

Ch’in Shih Huang-ti, first emperor of

Ch’in Dynasty
See also
Ch’in

Chionites

Chlothar II, Lothair, Frankish king

Chos,
form of Tibetan Buddhism

Chou Dynasty conquest of Shang,

origin myth

Christianity among Byzantines,

among Franks in

Hungary in Japan

Chungking

Chung-tu.
See
Peking

Chu Yüan-chang, founder of Ming

Dynasty

Cimmeria, Cimmerians

cities

—capitals and metropolises, location of

—in Central Asia
See also individual cities

—Chinese

See also individual cities

—fortified

—in the Littoral zone
See also individual cities

—in the steppe zone

See also individual cities

City of Peace

Clovis I, Hludovicus, King of the

Franks

Coghtu Taiji

coinage, coins

Cold War

college

—Buddhist
vihâra,
destruction

of
See also
Nawbahâr

—European-American university

in modern Central Eurasia

—European
college

—Islamic
madrasa

destruction of

Cologne

Colombo

comitatus

burial camp of

cost lack of

ranks and categories and

trade
(see also
gold; silk)

—adoption by peripheral peoples: by

Arabs in Central Asia by

Arabs in Spain by Byzantines

by T’ang Chinese

—individual examples: An Lu-shan’s

Attila’s

Chinggis Khan’s

Qutayba ibn

Muslim’s Tamerlane’s

—Islamicized form

—national examples: Anglo-Saxon, in

Beowulf,
Germanic

Hephthalite Hittite

Hsiung-nu

Japanese Khazar Khitan

Khwarizmian

Koguryo Mitanni

Mongol Mongol, in the
Secret

History,
Persian

early Roman Rus

Scythian Sogdian

Tibetan

Türk Uighur

communism, radical socialism

See also
China, People’s

Republic of; Maoism; Soviet Union

Constantine V, Byzantine emperor

Constantinople

continental trade system.
See
Silk Road system

Cossacks

creole, defined
See also

Proto-Indo-European, diaspora of

Ctesiphon

Cyrus, Persian founder

Dacia, Dacians

Dagobert I, Frankish king

Dalai Lama Fifth,

Sixth Seventh

Fourteenth

Damascus

Daqîqî

Darius, second Persian ruler

Delhi

democracy, democratic,

Dengizikh, son of Attila

Depression, the Great

Dgelugspa sect of Buddhism,

Di Cosmo, Nicola

Diu Battle of

Dnieper River, god of

domes, Heavenly

donkey

Dorgon, Manchu prince-regent

Eastern Steppe, defined

East Turkistan

republics

Edo

Eliot, T. S.,

Ellac, eldest son of Attila

Elteriš Kaghan, founder of Second Türk

Empire

emperor

Empress Dowager, Manchu-Ch’ing,

Enrique III, Henry III, king of Castile

and León

epic poetry, oral

Erdeni Zuu

Ermak.
See
Yermak Timofeyevich

Ermanaric, king of the Ostrogoths,

Ernac, Irnikh, son of Attila

Esen Taiši, Oirat ruler

Eudo of Aquitaine

Eurasia Littoral zone of (see

Littoral); peripheral cultures of

European Union

Evenkis

Fârâb.
See
Utrâr

fascism

Ferghana

Firdausî

firearms,

First Story

First World War.
See
World War I

Four Garrisons of An-hsi

Franks

See also

Carolingian Dynasty; Merovingian

Dynasty

French Revolution

friends,
comitatus members

fundamentalism.
See
Modernism:

religious

Galdan Boshughtu Khan, Junghar