Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China (70 page)

206 ‘
not even look
’
: Mao Haijian 2010, no. 4;
Gong from sickbed
: Mao Haijian 2010, no. 4; Tsinghua University History Department (ed.), p. 180;
mistress of the court
: Mao Haijian 2010, no. 4; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, pp. 2837, 2844, 2878, 2890;
Cixi on Guangxu
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 4, pp. 300–1; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2742;
got on really well
: Mao Haijian 2010, no. 4;
officials were warned
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2856; Wang Wenshao, pp. 919–20

207
study closed down
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2878;
Viceroy Zhang for alliance with Russia
: Zhang Zhidong, vol. 2, pp. 1002–3;
Grand Council decamped
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1064; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2883

208 ‘
on guard against future perils
’
: Tsinghua University History Department (ed.), p. 197;
Bon voyage
banquet
: Wu (Woo) Yong, p. 113;
footnote
: Morse, vol. 3, pp. 103–4; Sun Ruiqin (tr.), vol. 1, p. 116

209
New York Times
description
:
New York Times
, 3 September 1896;
Guangxu audience
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2944; Li Hongzhang, vol. 26, p. 275;
after seeing Cixi
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 16, p. 84; vol. 26, p. 275; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2944; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, pp. 3876–7; Mao Haijian 2010, no. 4

210
journey to Yellow River
: State Archives Bureau, Ming and Qing Archives (ed.), pp. 466–7; Mao Haijian 2011, no. 1; Li Hongzhang, vol. 36, pp. 199–226;
Zhang proposal
: Zhang Zhidong, vol. 2, pp. 989–1001; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, p. 3631ff.;
‘whole towns’
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 533;
‘had done nothing’
: Morse, vol. 3, p. 108

211
Moon Festival
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, pp. 2934–6

212
Cixi planned to restore Old Summer Palace
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2891;
Weng to collect opium tax
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, pp. 3963–5;
Li Bingheng argued
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, pp. 3972–3

213 ‘
the scheme of the Inspector General
’
:
Qing shilu
, vol. 57, p. 301; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, p. 3973;
Germany grabbing Qingdao
: Sun Ruiqin (tr.), vol. 1, pp. 106–47; Qingdao Museum et al. (eds.), pp. 121ff. Dugdale, E. T. S. (ed. & tr.), XIV, p. 69; Morse, vol. 3, pp. 106–7;
‘No fighting’
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1069; Wang Yunsheng, vol. 3, pp. 173–4;
Cixi informed afterwards
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1069

214 ‘
stinking beasts
’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3099; Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1072;
‘the Empress Dowager comforted us’
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1071; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3081

215 ‘
the height of treachery
’
: Witte, p. 100;
bribing Chinese negotiators
: Zhang Rongchu (tr.), pp. 203–12;
‘what a pathetic sight’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3104;
Guangxu audience with Earl
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 519;
‘It’s not just you’
: ibid.;
Cixi not consulted
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, pp. 519–20; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3104

216
Censor Weijun
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3103

Chapter 19 The Reforms of 1898 (1898)

219 ‘
In the world’s history
’
: Morse, vol. 3, p. 127;
‘urgent need’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3081; Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 2, p. 430;
receiving Prince Heinrich
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, pp. 3118–28; Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1072; Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 530

220
stop fighting over trifles
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 522;
prince had to stand before Cixi
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3118;
Guangxu and medals
: Mao Haijian 2005, pp. 428–35;
‘Prince Gong was silent’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, pp. 3081, 3114;
‘The roller-coaster’
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2004, pp. 252–3

221
Cixi launches reforms
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3132

222
Guangxu orders Weng to retire
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3134;
Cixi’s summer gifts
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1074; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3134;
collaborated remarkably well
: Mao Haijian 2005, pp. 31–3;
all decrees had Cixi’s endorsement
: Mao Haijian 2005, pp. 16–18, 33–5;
‘The future of China’
: Martin 1896, p. 327

223
Junglu to carry it out
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 4, p. 4135;
‘six or seven out of ten’
: Kong Xiangji 1988, p. 369

224 ‘
I knew I was the Sage
’
: Kang Youwei, p. 8;
writings sent on to Cixi
: Mao Haijian 2005, p. 382; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3112; First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 23, no. 1107;
Cixi drew Guangxu’s attention to Kang
: Guangxu asked Weng to give him another copy of Kang’s pamphlet on Japan most likely because Cixi, who kept the pamphlet, talked to him about it and he had not read it. Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3128; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 382;
‘as a close adviser’
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, p. 231;
With Cixi’s blessing
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 234–5

225 ‘
humiliation
’
: Kang Youwei, p. 44; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 441;
Macartney question
: Cranmer-Byng, p. 238; Robbins, p. 386;
‘the able men’
: Der Ling 2004, p. 277;
Debates on Advisory Board
: Mao Haijian 2009, pp. 576–88; Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 547; State Archives Bureau, Ming and Qing Archives (ed.), pp. 6–11;
4,000 taels
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 562; Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, p. 142; Liang Dingfen, in Tang Zhijun, p. 67

226
Sun Jianai
: Mao Haijian 2009, pp. 582–3;
friends regarded Kang’s occupations
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2009, no. 1;
writings delivered to Guangxu clandestinely
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 355, 432; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 721 ; Liang Dingfen, in Tang Zhijun, p. 67

227
Guangxu read Poland fable and fell ill
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, p. 433; Mao Haijian 2005, p. 131; Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 553;
‘the wisest ever in history’
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 351–5

228
Kang petitions collected into booklets
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, p. 360; bound booklets in the library of the Palace Museum, Beijing;
‘get rid of the whole lot’
: Kong Xiangji 1988, pp. 373–5;
‘loss of goodwill’
: Kong Xiangji 1988, p. 380

229
four secretaries
: Mao Haijian 2005, pp. 35, 65, 81;
‘Every day’
: Mao Haijian 2005, p. 73;
Kang Board
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 4, p. 332; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 709

230 ‘
An emperor is like the father
’
: Kong Xiangji 1988, p. 62;
‘the modern Sage’
: Morse, vol. 3, p. 132;
Confucius crowned King
: Sun Jianai, in Mao Haijian 2009, pp. 42, 534; Liang Dingfen, in Tang Zhijun, pp. 63–4

231
Kang anxiously explained
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 350–1

Chapter 20 A Plot to Kill Cixi (September 1898)

232
Wang Zhao to approach Nie
: Wang Zhao, in Cen Chunxuan, Yun Yuding et al., p. 84;
Tan to Yuan
: Yuan Shikai, pp. 550–3; Bi Yongnian, p. 28

233
a haul of gold
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 402–3; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 774;
Kang ghosted petitions re Japan
: Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 399–401, 404–5, 443–5

234
newspaper in Tianjin
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2011, pp. 107–95; Tsinghua University History Department (ed.), p. 958;
‘My dearest and nearest’
: Mao Haijian 2005, pp. 440–2;
Itō wrote to wife
: Wang Xiaoqiu, p. 122

235
Japanese newspapers
: Wang Xiaoqiu, p. 129;
‘Ludicrous’
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 36, p. 193;
Viceroy ‘shocked’
: Zheng Xiaoxu, vol. 2, p. 671;
Tianjin paper promotes Kang
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2011, pp. 148–53; Liang Dingfen, in Tang Zhijun, p. 69;
‘the first Chinese Minister’
:
New York Times
, 13 May 1897;
confidential report to Tokyo
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2004, pp. 251–4

236
Sir Yinhuan denounced
: Kong Xiangji 1988, p. 252; Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 540;
nothing was done
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, pp. 539–41; Mao Haijian 2005, p. 38;
secret middle man
: Kong Xiangji 2008, pp. 230–3; Kong Xiangji (ed.) 2008a, pp. 144, 188, 422; Ma Zhongwen 1998; Mao Haijian 2009, p. 721; Liang Dingfen, in Tang Zhijun, p. 67;
‘so-called Japanese desire’
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 510; cf. Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2009a, p. 83;
‘When I go to his house’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 6, p. 3068; Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1071

237 ‘
If the throne employs Itō
’
: State Archives Bureau, Ming and Qing Archives (ed.), p. 461

238 ‘
going about things
’
: Yuan Shikai, p. 553

239
Bi later described
: Bi Yongnian, p. 28;
The Wild Fox visited Richard, 19 Sept
: Kang’s letter to Timothy Richard, in Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 3, p. 528;
Richard’s words
: Richard, dedication, pp. 258, 263, 266;
‘too delicious!’
: Hart,
Letters,
1868–1907
, vol. 2, p. 1044;
‘nonsense’
: National Archives, London, P.O. 17/1718, p. 191

240 ‘
detectives and policemen
’
: Brenan to MacDonald, in Seagrave, p. 244;
‘cherishes the aspiration’
: Kang Youwei, p. 66;
reform-needs-bloodshed theory
: Liang Qichao 1964, p. 109;
newspaper report
: Mao Haijian 2009, p. 822

241
The two innocent men
: Chen Kuilong, p. 37; Wang Xiagang, pp. 240–4;
people were appalled
: Yun Yuding, vol. 1, p. 170; Mao Haijian 2011, no. 1;
Kang claim first appeared
: Tang Zhijun, p. 39

242 ‘
have attempted
’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 24, no. 1399; cf. Mao Haijian 2005, p. 133;
Yuan diary hidden
: Yuan Shikai, pp. 554–5;
‘the rumoured plot’
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 3, p. 542;
Kang charged Cixi
: Tang Zhijun, pp. 57–63

243
Sir Yinhuan acknowledged
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 562;
Weng to Yinhuan
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5,
passim
; Wu (Woo) Yong, pp. 21–2; Kong Xiangji 2001, pp. 199–200; Ma Zhongwen 1996, no. 4;
‘traitor’
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1084;
‘like the fingers’
: Zhang Shesheng, p. 156;
footnote
: Zhang (Chang) Yinhuan, p. 561; Zhang Rongchu (tr.), pp. 211–12