First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies (41 page)

III. PROFILES IN COURAGE

Interview subjects include Luci Johnson, Susan and Steve Ford, Nelson Pierce, Nancy Chirdon Forster, Ron Nessen, and Herman Thompson. Oral history interviews with Bonnie Angelo, Ann Cullen, and Guy Swan can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project. Published material includes Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,
Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy
(New York: Hyperion, 2011); Seymour Hersh, “The Pardon: Nixon, Ford, Haig, and the Transfer of Power,”
Atlantic
, August 1983; Clint Hill and Lisa McCubbin,
Mrs. Kennedy and Me
(New York: Gallery Books,
2012); Sarah Weddington, “Three Former First Ladies Speak Out,”
Good Housekeeping
, February 1988; Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld,
First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); Betty Ford and Chris Chase,
The Times of My Life
(New York: Harper & Row, 1978).

IV. MOTHERHOOD

Interview subjects include Rosalynn Carter, Susan and Steve Ford, Mary Prince, Tricia Nixon, Gustavo Paredes, Mary Ann Campbell, Bill Burton, Reggie Love, Jane Erkenbeck, Shirley Sagawa, Daryl Wells, Michael “Rahni” Flowers, Ron Reagan, Bess Abell, Worthington White, George and Shirley Hannie, Larry Bush, Stephen Rochon, and Herman Thompson. Published material includes oral histories from Grace Kelly, Jacqueline P. Hirsh, Leonard Bernstein, Janet Lee Bouvier Auchincloss, Letitia Baldrige, Nash Castro, Maud Shaw, Preston Bruce, Dr. Janet Travell, Christine Camp, Laura Bergquist Knebel, Barbara Gamarekian, and Charles Spalding which can all be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Personal Papers, Pamela Turnure, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Nancy Reagan with William Novak,
My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan
(New York: Random House, 1989); Sally Bedell Smith,
Grace and Power: The Private World of the Kennedy White House
(New York: Random House, 2004); Jon Meacham,
Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush
(New York: Random House, 2015); Evgenia Peretz, “How Chelsea Clinton Took Charge of Clintonworld,”
Vanity Fair
, September 2015; Barack Obama, “How the Presidency Made Me a Better Father,”
More
, July/August 2015; Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview of the First Lady for
House Beautiful
, November 30, 1993, by Marian Burros; Joe Hagen, “Bush in the Wilderness,”
New York
, October 14, 2012; George Lardner Jr. and Lois Romano, “Tragedy Created Bush Mother-Son Bond,”
Washington Post
, July 26, 1999; Patti Davis,
The Way I See It
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1992); Sarah Weddington, “Three Former First Ladies Speak Out,”
Good Housekeeping
, February 1988; John Ehrlichman,
Witness to Power: The Nixon Years
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982); letter from Jacqueline Kennedy to Father McSorley, August 23, 1968; Barbara Bush,
A Memoir: Barbara Bush
(New York: Scribner, 1994); letters from the private collection of Dolly Lederer Maass; J. B. West,
Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies
(New York: Warner Books, 1973); Laura Abernethy, “Michelle Obama’s Mother Makes Rare Public Appearance in London,”
Guardian
,
June 16, 2015; Sharon W. Linsker, “Letters Signed by First Ladies Supply Insights into the Past,”
New York Times
, May 1, 1994; Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein,
The Final Days
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976); “The White House: Moving Out/Moving In,” National Archives, January 15, 2009; “Interview: Father Richard T. McSorley,” director, Georgetown University Center for Peace Studies,
Fidelio
6, no. 3 (Fall 1997); Gail Sheehy, “What Hillary Wants,”
Vanity Fair
, May 1992; Susan Ford oral history can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project; Barbara Leaming,
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2014); Marjorie Williams, “Barbara’s Backlash,”
Vanity Fair
, August 1992; Preston Bruce,
From the Door of the White House
(New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1984); Julie Nixon Eisenhower,
Pat Nixon: The Untold Story
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007); Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Oral History Collection, Series: National Park Service Oral History Interviews, December 8, 1988; Rosalynn Carter,
First Lady from Plains
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984); Jeff Zeleny, “Q&A with Michelle Obama,”
Chicago Tribune
, December 24, 2005; Patrick Healy, “New to Campaigning, but No Longer a Novice,”
New York Times
, October 27, 2008; Richard Wolffe, “Michelle, on the Move: The First Lady Readies Her Family for Washington,”
Newsweek
, November 5, 2008; 2015 Global Women’s Network, George W. Bush Presidential Center, September 22, 2015; Rebecca Johnson, “Michelle Obama Interview: I’m Nothing Special,”
Telegraph
, July 26, 2008; Gail Sheehy, “Is George Bush Too Nice to Be President?,”
Vanity Fair
, February 1987; Nixon-Gannon Interviews, 1983, Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens; Holly Yeager, “The Heart and Mind of Michelle Obama,”
O: The Oprah Magazine
, November 2007; Helen Thomas,
Front Row at the White House: My Life and Times
(New York: Touchstone, 1999); Lisa Grunwald and Stephen J. Adler,
Women’s Letters: America from the Revolutionary War to the Present
(New York: Random House, 2005); Jan Williams, Jimmy Carter Oral History Collection; Series: National Park Service Oral History Interviews, December 20, 1985; Jessamyn West, “Exclusive: The Unknown Pat Nixon: An Intimate View,”
Good Housekeeping
, February 1971; H. R. Haldeman,
The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994).

V. SUPPORTING ACTORS

Interview subjects for this chapter include Laura Bush, Bess and Tyler Abell, Luci Johnson, Joe Califano, Ann Compton, Shirley James, Tony Fratto, Anita
McBride, Christine Limerick, Worthington White, Chris Edwards, Susan Ford, Cragg Hines, Larry Temple, Betty Tilson, and Jerry Rafshoon. Published material includes J. B. West,
Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies
(New York: Warner Books, 1973); Preston Bruce,
From the Door of the White House
(New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1984); Gail Sheehy, “What Hillary Wants,”
Vanity Fair
, May 1992; Carl Bernstein,
A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton
(New York: Vintage Books, 2007); Michael Kelly, “Again: It’s Hillary Rodham Clinton. Got That?,”
New York Times
, February 14, 1993; Bill Moyer’s Eulogy at Lady Bird’s Funeral; Sara Rimer, “A Nation Challenged: The Pennsylvania Crash; 44 Victims Are Remembered, and Lauded,”
New York Times
, September 18, 2001; LENNY, September 29, 2015, Letter No. 1; Sally Bedell Smith,
Grace and Power: The Private World of the Kennedy White House
(New York: Random House, 2004); Laura Bush,
Spoken from the Heart
(New York: Scribner, 2010); Lady Bird’s Post-Presidential Correspondence with Presidents, VPs, and their Families, LBJ Presidential Library and Museum; Enid Nemy, “Obituary: Lady Bird Johnson, 94, Former U.S. First Lady,”
New York Times
, July 12, 2007; “Pat Nixon Removes Jackie’s Handiwork,”
Milwaukee Journal
, September 20, 1969; Liz Carpenter’s and Bess Abell’s oral histories can be found at the LBJ Library; Lady Bird Johnson’s diary, June 5, 1968; Sarah Weddington, “Three Former First Ladies Speak Out,”
Good Housekeeping
, February 1988; Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Oral History Collection; Series: National Park Service Oral History Interviews, May 11, 1988; Lucinda Franks, “The Intimate Hillary,”
Talk
, September 1999; Frank Bruni, “For Laura Bush, a Direction She Never Wished to Go In,”
New York Times
, July 31, 2000; Skip Hollandsworth, “Reading Laura Bush,”
Texas Monthly
, November 1996; Ann Cullen’s oral history can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project.

VI. EAST WING VS. WEST WING

Interview subjects include Tony Fratto, Connie Stuart, Melanne Verveer, Lissa Muscatine, Joni Stevens, Lucy Winchester, Jackie Norris, Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, Nash Castro, Steve Ford, Polly Dranov, and Larry D. Hatfield. Published material includes John Ehrlichman,
Witness to Power: The Nixon Years
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982); Reid Cherlin, “The Worst Wing: How the East Wing Shrank Michelle Obama,”
New Republic
, March 24, 2014; Julie Nixon Eisenhower,
Pat Nixon: The Untold Story
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007); H. R. Haldeman,
The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994); Letitia Baldrige’s
oral history can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Will Swift,
Pat and Dick: The Nixons: An Intimate Portrait of a Marriage
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014); Preston Bruce,
From the Door of the White House
(New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1984); memo from Roger Ailes to H. R. Haldeman, May 4, 1970, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum; Laura Bush,
Spoken from the Heart
(New York: Scribner, 2010); Roy Neel, interview, Miller Center, University of Virginia, President William Jefferson Clinton, Presidential Oral History Project, November 14, 2002; Helen Smith, “Ordeal! Pat Nixon’s Final Days in the White House,”
Good Housekeeping
, July 1976; Bonnie Angelo’s and Maria Downs’s oral histories can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project; Helen Thomas,
Front Row at the White House: My Life and Times
(New York: Touchstone Books, 1999); Helen Thomas, “Pat Nixon Answers All Letters to Her,” United Press International, December 28, 1971; Lois Romano, “Michelle Obama: White House Rebel,”
Newsweek
, June 5, 2011; Sarah Booth Conroy, “First Lady, and Wife First,”
Washington Post
, June 28, 1993; Constance Stuart’s and Gwendolyn King’s oral histories are available at the Nixon Presidential Library and Museum; Trude Feldman, “The Quiet Courage of Pat Nixon,”
McCall’s
, May 1975.

VII. THE GOOD WIFE

Interview subjects include Rosalynn Carter, Susan Porter Rose, Ann Romney, Walter Mondale, Jerry Rafshoon, Ronn Payne, Katherine Cade, Mary Prince, Ann Compton, Christine Limerick, Connie Stuart, Ed Nixon, Joni Stevens, Bob Bostock, Lynn Langway, Neel Lattimore, Bob Scanlan, and Lucy Winchester. Published material includes J. B. West,
Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies
(New York: Warner Books, 1973); White House Memos, 1961–64, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum;
American Experience: The Kennedys
, PBS; Nixon-Gannon Interviews, 1983, Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens; Susan Thomases, Interview, Miller Center, University of Virginia, President William Jefferson Clinton, Presidential Oral History Project, January 6, 2006; Lucinda Franks, “The Intimate Hillary,”
Talk
, September 1999; Hugh Sidey’s oral history can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum; Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Personal Papers, Memos to J. B. West, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; oral histories with Mary Hoyt, Allie Smith, Lauren Blanton, and Jan Williams are part of the Jimmy Carter Oral History Collection; Archive of American Television
interview with Perry Wolff,
http://emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/perry-wolff#;
Theodore H. White personal papers can be found at John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; oral histories for Nancy Tuckerman and Pamela Turnure can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Liz Carpenter’s oral history can be found at the LBJ Library, August 27, 1969; Bob Woodward,
The Last of the President’s Men
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015); ABC News special,
Jacqueline Kennedy: In Her Own Words
, September 13, 2011; Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Oral History Collection; Series: National Park Service Oral History Interviews, May 11, 1988; Michael Hirsh, “The Regrets of Jimmy Carter,”
Politico
, August 20, 2015; James Reston, “Kennedy’s Victory Won by Close Margin
—
He Promises Fight for World Freedom
—
Eisenhower Offers ‘Orderly Transition,’”
New York Times
, November 10, 1960; Marian Christy, “Pat Was Trained to Suffer,”
Beaver County
(Pa.)
Times
, November 2, 1978; Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein,
The Final Days
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976); Marina Koren, “Jimmy Carter on His Cancer Diagnosis,”
Atlantic
, August 20, 2015; Rosalynn Carter,
First Lady from Plains
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984); Elizabeth Mehren, “Richard Goodwin’s Account of a ‘Paranoid’ L.B.J. Riles Some Ex-Colleagues,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 14, 1988; Lisa Grunwald and Stephen J. Adler,
Women’s Letters: America from the Revolutionary War to the Present
(New York: Random House, 2005); CBS News,
60 Minutes
, “Jimmy Carter: My Presidency Was a Success,” September 16, 2010; Associated Press, “Jackie, Nina, Hit at Vienna,” June 5, 1961; Betty Ford and Chris Chase,
The Times of My Life
(New York: Harper & Row, 1978); oral histories of Lorraine Ornelas, Bonnie Angelo, and Susan Ford can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum; Trude Feldman, “The Quiet Courage of Pat Nixon,”
McCall’s
, May 1975; Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta Jr.,
Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton
(New York: Back Nine Books, 2007); oral history interviews with Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter can be found at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum; Barbara Gamarekian’s oral history can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Patt Morrison, “Time for a Feminist as First Lady: What Americans Think of Hillary Clinton Is as Much a Verdict on the Role of Women in the ’90s as a Judgment of Her Style and Achievement,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 14, 1992; Carl Bernstein,
A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton
(New York: Vintage Books, 2007); Kati Marton,
Hidden Power: Presidential Marriages That Shaped Our History (
New York: Anchor Books, 2001); Marian Burros, “Hillary Clinton Asks Help in Finding a Softer Image,”
New York
Times
, January 9, 1995; Lisa Miller, “No More Washington Wives, and It’s Our Loss,”
Newsweek
, January 3, 2011; Gail Sheehy, “What Hillary Wants,”
Vanity Fair
, May 1992; Thurston Clarke, “JFK and Jackie’s Secret Life Between the Covers,”
Wall Street Journal
blog, July 25, 2013; Clare Crawford, “A Story of Love and Rehabilitation: The Ex-Con in the White House,”
People
, March 14, 1977; Will Swift,
Pat and Dick: The Nixons—An Intimate Portrait of a Marriage
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014); Helen Thomas,
Front Row at the White House: My Life and Times
(New York: Touchstone Books, 1999); Julie Nixon Eisenhower,
Pat Nixon: The Untold Story
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007); Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,
Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy
(New York: Hyperion, 2011); Gloria Steinem,
Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions
(New York: Henry Holt, 1983); Jessamyn West, “Exclusive: The Unknown Pat Nixon: An Intimate View,”
Good Housekeeping
, February 1971; Richard Nixon–Pat Nixon Courtship Letters, Richard Nixon Foundation; First Ladies Pay Tribute to Pat Nixon, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXl2ngW-JiA, Richard Nixon Foundation; Judith Viorst, “Pat Nixon Is the Ultimate Good Sport,”
New York Times
, September 13, 1970; Isabelle Shelton, “Pat Is Pressed,”
Evening Star
, September 19, 1972; United Press International, “Release of Tapes Displeased Pat,”
Washington Post
, May 20, 1974; Lydia Saad, “Admiration for Hillary Clinton Surges in 1998,” Gallup, December 31, 1998; Hillary Rodham Clinton,
Living History
(New York: Scribner, 2003)
.