Frozen in Time (37 page)

262 a scientific expedition to study penguins: Hendrik Dolleman obituary, www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=68397203 (accessed March 19, 2012).

262 graduated from Princeton in 1924: Sheridan, “Rescue Chief.”

263 Muscular, tanned, tall, and square-jawed: Hansen,
Greenland’s Icy Fury
, p. 19.

263 “an opaque sheet of driving snow particles”: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 245.

264 The following day: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, pp. 
99–100.

264 climbed atop the front end: Spina, memoir, p. 32.

265 “I guess these ice worms”: Ibid., p. 33.

265 how little exhilaration they felt: Ibid.

265 “I guess nothing could excite us”: Ibid.

265 They reeked, and they knew it: Ibid., p. 40.

266 throwing it into a crevasse: Ibid.

23: “SOME PLAN IN THIS WORLD”

284 The team’s lead dog was Rinsky: Caption to a photo taken by Bernt Balchen, released by the U.S. Army Air Forces Public Relations Office.

285 Most seldom barked: Hansen,
Greenland’s Icy Fury
, p. 131–34.

285 Spina was the first to falter: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 101.

285 pursuit of the milk can: Spina, memoir, p. 33.

285 The entrance was a large hole: Spina, memoir, p. 35.

286 the Imperial Hotel: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 102. See also Spina, memoir, p. 35.

286 warming blankets for the men: Alfred “Clint” Best, narrative for his family of his time on the ice, typewritten transcript provided by his son, Robert Best, December 27, 1987, p. 6. (Spina also describes the dogs inside the cave in his memoir, pp. 35–36.)

287 Strong decided to get some exercise: Spina, memoir, p, 36.

287 A bigger worry for Balchen: Balchen,
Come North with M
e, p. 245.

287 Both suffered broken ailerons: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 79.

287 On April 5, 1943: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 245.

288 promoted to captain: Spina, memoir, p. 36.

290 steel straps from equipment cases: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80. Details of the repairs also come from Spina, memoir, p. 37.

290 holed up in the overgrown snow cave: Spina, memoir, p. 37.

290 both engines for takeoff: Ibid., p. 246. Details of the damage to the engine were also taken from Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 102; and Spina, memoir, p. 38.

291 The three PN9E survivors were skeptical: Spina, memoir, p. 38.

291 praying for good luck and good weather: Ibid.

291 if its engines failed: Ibid.

292 “If I hadn’t flown in this ship before”: Ibid.

293 “I have no instruments”: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 246.

293 about one thousand feet: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80. Spina thought it was more like 600 feet (memoir, p. 39), but Ragnarsson is quoting Dunlop.

294 planning a return to earth: Spina, memoir, p. 39.

294 fifty feet above the ground: Ibid. In Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 103, the estimate is fifteen feet.

294 He and Best thought they were about to crash: Best, narrative, p. 3; Spina, memoir, p. 39.

294 patted them on the backs: Spina, memoir, p. 39.

294 far past the danger zone: Ibid. Spina explains that this is based on a conversation between Dunlop and Monteverde, who went to the cockpit during the flight.

295 how much fuel remained: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 103.

295 Larson called Bluie East Two: Spina, memoir, p. 39.

296 prepare for a crash: Ibid. This account is confirmed by Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, as well as by Ragnarsson.

296 yet another problem: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80.

297 emptied to greet them: Spina, memoir, p. 40.

297 “out to the rescue”: Best, narrative, p. 6.

EPILOGUE: AFTER GREENLAND

318 “preferably in the South Pacific”: “Fortress Pilot Tells of 148 Days.”

318 went to the White House: President Roosevelt, diary, www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday (accessed March 14, 2012).

319 this imagined exchange: Paul Peters,
Nine Men against the Arctic
, radio play script, presented on
The Cavalcade of America
, Monday, August 2, 1943.

320 “high devotion to duty”: “Greenland Crash Hero Gets Coveted Award,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 11, 1943.

321 twenty-two years in the air force: Armand Monteverde obituary,
Daily Republic
, January 9, 1988.

321 “I have not been where I could pay my dues”: Harry Spencer to Boy Scouts of America, Dallas Circle Ten Council, August 29, 1943.

322 “I have been without toilet paper”: Podraza, interview.

322 “the pristine whiteness of the Ice Cap snow”: Harry Spencer, written recollections of his return to the ice cap in June 1989, courtesy of Carol Sue Spencer Podraza.

324 graduated with honors from Georgetown University Law School: “Attorney William O’Hara Dies.”

324 resented needing a cane: Patricia O’Hara, interview, August 16, 2012.

324 “The Army has some screwy regulation”: “Attorney William O’Hara Dies.”

325 “All I have left is the pain and suffering”: DeAndrea, “Icy Ordeal,” p. 3.

325 “I haven’t dwelled on what happened”: Ibid.

325 “Anytime it was a bad situation”: Jean Spina Gaffney, interview, March 11, 2012.

325 graduated magna cum laude: Alfred Clinton Best obituary,
Houston Chronicle
, March 15, 2002.

326 “They called him ‘Kinderpa’ ”: Robert C. Best, interview.

326 refused to fly: Peter Tucciarone, son of Alexander Tucciarone, interview, February 25, 2012.

326 “I would do anything”: Kilday, “Survivor Recalls Rescue,”
Mobile
(Ala.)
Press
, n.d.

326 “How can I tell them what’s in my heart”: Ibid.

327 “the circulation still isn’t back to normal”: Lloyd Puryear to Alexander Tucciarone, April 2, 1943, provided by Peter Tucciarone.

328 “ill with a lung ailment”: Pearl Puryear to Angelina Tucciarone, December 15, 1943, provided by Peter Tucciarone.

328 “one of its favorite and most beloved native sons”: Lloyd Puryear obituary,
News-Journal
, January 13, 1944.

328 “under rigorous Arctic conditions”: Distinguished Flying Cross citation for Lieutenant Bernard W. Dunlop, May 8, 1943.

328 served as a lawyer: Nancy Dunlop, daughter of Bernard Dunlop, interview, March 23, 2012.

328 promoted to major in July 1944: “Military Promotions,”
Salt Lake Tribune
, July 25, 1944.

329 went to officer candidate school in Miami: “Glacier Hero Gets Officer’s Bars,”
San Antonio Light
, September 1, 1943.

329 “Bernt Balchen Saves 7 on Ice Cap”:
Chicago Tribune
, May 4, 1943.

329 “Flier of the Snows”: “Flier of the Snows,” unsigned editorial,
New York Times
, May 5, 1943.

329 secret orders to wipe out a German weather station: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, pp. 246–47; Matz,
History of the 2nd Ferrying Group
, p. 145.

330 flown over the North Pole: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 66. In his 1958 autobiography, Balchen recounts a conversation with Byrd’s pilot, Floyd Bennett, who died in 1928. In Balchen’s telling, Bennett confirms Balchen’s suspicions that their plane, the
Josephine Ford
, wasn’t capable of reaching the North Pole.

330 turned back well short of the pole: Raimund E. Goerler, “Richard E. Byrd and the North Pole Flight of 1926: Fact, Fiction as Fact, and Interpretation,” monograph, 1999, darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream
/handle/1912/1918/proc98363.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed April 12, 2012). See also Carroll V. Glines, review of
To the Pole: The Diary and Notebook of Richard E. Byrd, 1925–1927
, by Richard E. Byrd, edited by Raimund E. Goerler,
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
107, no. 3 (Summer 1999): 332–33.

330 “a lifetime of remarkable achievements”: 106th Congress, 2nd session, Joint Resolution 36, passed October 23, 1999.

330 “the key to the solution of a baffling problem”: Francois E. Matthew, obituary for Max Harrison Demorest,
Science
, n.s., 97, no. 2510 (February 5, 1943): 132.

330 “In the death of Max Demorest”: Ibid.

331 working for the U.S. Geological Survey: “Reno Woman Takes New Job in Washington,”
Reno Evening Gazette
, February 2, 1954.

331 studied botany and geology: Photo caption labeled “Now a Student at the University of Michigan,”
Reno Evening Gazette
, November 13, 1957.

331 wrote to the six remaining PN9E survivors: Major James McFarland, Memorial Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, to Alfred C. Best, October 15, 1947. Similar letters were sent to Harry Spencer, Paul Spina, and other crewmen.

331 “Crevasses which we observed”: Harry Spencer to the Office of the Quartermaster General, October 25, 1947.

331 had a dream: Reba Greathead, daughter of Clarence Wedel, interview by e-mail, March 14, 2012.

332 “Passed from Earth to Glory”: Photograph of the tombstone provided by Eric Langhorst, Wedel’s grandson-in-law, March 6, 2012.

332 “War in all its shattering bitterness”: “Word Received of L. Howarth Death,”
Wausaukee Independent
, February 26, 1943.

332 chased a Nazi vessel: “USCGC
Northland
(WPG–49) History Sketch,” Public Affairs Division, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, p. 3.

332 purchased by American Zionists: Ibid. See also Ya’acov Friedler, “Aliya Bet Ship Sold for Scrap,” news clipping found in U.S. Coast Guard historical files, February 23, 1962, no publication noted.

333 “Our old sister”: Ibid.

Select Bibliography

B-17F Bomber Pilot’s Flight Operating Instructions
. Originally published by the U.S. Army Air Forces, December 1942. Reprinted by Periscopefilm.com.

Balchen, Bernt.
Come North with Me.
New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.

Balchen, Bernt, Corey Ford, and Oliver La Farge.
War below Zero.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1944.

Carlson, William S.
Greenland Lies North
. New York: Macmillan, 1940.

The Coast Guard at War: Greenland Patrol
. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast Guard, 1945.

Erlich, Gretel.
This Cold Heaven: Seven Seasons in Greenland.
New York: Vintage, 2003.

Hansen, Wallace.
Greenland’s Icy Fury.
College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1994.

Hayes, David.
The Lost Squadron.
Edison, N.J.: Chartwell, 2008.

Howarth, David.
The Sledge Patrol: A WWII Epic of Escape, Survival and Victory.
New York: Macmillan, 1957.

Johnson, Corydon M.
Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Model Grumman J2F-4 Airplanes
, August 16, 1939. U.S. Coast Guard historical archives.

Kearns, David A.
Where Hell Freezes Over: A Story of Amazing Survival and Bravery.
New York: Thomas Dunne, 2005.

Kpomassie, Tete-Michel.
An African in Greenland.
New York: NYRB Classics, 2001.

La Farge, Oliver.
The Eagle in the Egg.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1949.

Matz, Onas P.
History of the 2nd Ferrying Group
. Seattle: Modet, 1993.

Novak, Thaddeus D.
Life and Death on the Greenland Patrol, 1942.
Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.

Ostrom, Thomas.
The United States Coast Guard in World War II: A History of Domestic and Overseas Actions.
Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2009.

Seaver, Kirsten.
The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America, ca. A.D. 1000–1500
. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Taub, Capt. Donald M., USCG Retired.
The Greenland Ice Cap Rescue of B-17 “PN9E,” November 5, 1942, to May 8, 1943
(monograph).
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast Guard History Program, 2011.

Ting, Henning.
Encounters with Wildlife in Greenland
. Nuuk, Greenland: Greenland Home Rule Government Department of Environment and Wildlife Management, n.d.

Vaughan, Norman D.
My Life of Adventure.
Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1995.

Willoughby, Malcolm F.
U.S. Coast Guard in World War II
. Annapolis, Md.: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1957.

Index

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use your ebook reader’s search tools.

Note: Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.

Adam of Bremen, 10

Air Force, U.S.:

Arctic Survival Manual,
75–78

and competition among military branches, 84

and Operation Bolero, 17, 22, 118

rescue missions flown by, 22–23, 84, 187

and Short Snorters, 107–8

Snowball Route of, 17

Air Greenland, 246, 268, 273, 280, 302, 313

airmail delivery, 117

Air Transport Command, 33, 174, 204, 321

Aklak
(converted fishing boat), 126

Amundsen, Roald, 116, 207

Ancient Order of the Pterodactyl, 95, 96, 98

Anderson, Norman, 210

Anoretok Fjord, 84

Antarctica, 11

first flight over South Pole, 117

lost navy plane in, 94, 101–2

Arctic conditions,
see
Greenland

Arctic Survival Manual
(Army Air Force), 75–78

Arlington National Cemetery, 96

Army, U.S.:

Air Forces of,
see
Air Force, U.S.

bases on Greenland, 16–17, 112, 114, 118

and competition among military branches, 84, 209

C rations, 121

CRREL radar team, 201, 202, 242, 243, 251

Field Ration D, 62–63, 121

K rations, 62

press releases of, 318

and rescue missions, 187

Sixth Army Group, 209

Arnold, Henry Harley “Hap,” 118, 231, 318

Atlantic Fleet, and rescue missions, 187

aurora borealis, 185, 278

B-17 PN9E bomber crew, 33,
34

calendar devised by, 104–5

communications from, 1–2, 37, 57, 61–62, 111–12, 114, 115, 120, 127, 129, 135

crash of, xi, 1, 53–57, 129, 153

crash site of, 3, 57, 64, 66,
70
, 119–20,
193

and damage to plane, 54–55, 57, 60, 73, 109, 111, 112, 119, 172

Duck rescue missions of, xi, 3–4, 6, 91, 129, 145–47, 149

duration of ordeal, 297

flying in milk, 37–39, 48, 50–51, 56

food and supplies for, 62–63, 113, 114–15, 120–22, 135, 173–74, 186, 210–16, 259, 261

and frostbite, 63, 74–76

and landings and takeoffs on ice cap, 136–40, 288–89

Legion of Merit awarded to, 320

locating, 119–20

“The Long Wait,” xii

media stories about, 317–21

and Norden Bombsight, 142, 266

and
Northland,
see
Northland

official records of crash, 194, 195, 277, 316

prayers of, 65, 74, 106, 175, 230, 260–61

and radio transmitters, 57, 61–62, 65, 109–13, 121, 122, 216, 236

rescue missions for, 119–23, 125–30, 136–42, 152, 174, 182, 186–88, 204–6, 231–35, 261, 264–66, 289–97, 315

and search for C-53, 34–36, 65

search for their downed plane, 64–65, 84, 90–91

self-rescue attempt by, 174–80

and Short Snorters, 107–8, 115, 142

Spencer’s fall in crevasse, 68–73,
70
, 90

and survival, 1, 3, 56–64, 65–67, 73–77, 104–7, 110, 114–15, 122, 143–45, 168–80, 186, 188, 216, 229–31, 235–40

weather preventing supply drops to, 104–5, 187–88, 213, 237

B-17s:

B-17F, 31–33,
31

Bombardier’s Code of Honor, 32

crashes of, 17

emergency radios in, 26

Lost Squadron,
see
Lost Squadron

My Gal Sal,
118, 207, 215

Norden Bombsights on, 32, 142, 265–6

PN9E,
see
B-17 PN9E bomber crew

search missions of, 22, 23, 65

in World War II, 30–32

B-25 Mitchell bombers, 22

Baker, Joan, 162

Balchen, Bernt, 115–23,
116
, 124,
263
, 337

and Byrd, 116–17

death of, 330

Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 329

and dogsled trek, 291, 293

and Duck location (map), 153,
154
, 159, 191–92,
192
, 194, 249–50, 276, 282

early years of, 116–18

as “The Last Viking,” 115

in later years, 329–30

and PN9E cargo drops, 120–22, 135, 136, 138

and PN9E communication, 121, 122

and PN9E location, 119–20, 129, 136, 176

and PN9E rescue plans, 206–10, 214–17, 231–35, 261, 287–92, 294, 295

and rescue missions, 117, 118, 186, 209, 261, 289–96

Soldier’s Medal awarded to, 118

Barkley-Grow T8P-1 ski-plane, 204, 205

Battle of the Atlantic, 208

Beach Head Station,
183

Demorest as commander of, 122

dogsled mission from, 206

dogsled trek to, 291, 293

Fuller and crew remaining in, 182–83

and McDowell’s C-53, 23

and PN9E crash site, 123, 127

and PN9E rescue mission, 122, 124

supply drops to, 211–12

Beechcraft AT-7, 210, 295

Behar, Alberto, 224, 300,
335
, 341

and equipment, 244, 254, 268, 269, 270,
272
, 273, 308, 312

Bennet, Aaron, 190–91, 199, 341

Bertil, Prince (Sweden), 108

Best, Alfred “Clint,” 170,
170
, 171, 337

and crash, 53–54

death of, 326

and depression, 240–41, 257–60

in later years, 297–98, 325–26

at Motorsled Camp, 285, 287

and rescue, 139, 148, 239, 264–66, 284–85, 289–90, 297

safe arrival of, 297

and search for C-53, 35–36

and survival, 59, 155, 168, 176, 180, 186, 211, 229–31, 235–40, 257–60, 297–98

Blow, James “Jim,”
200
,
335
, 341–42

Coast Guard career of, 200–201

commitment to Duck Hunt, xii, 46–47, 158–59, 189, 196–97, 199–202, 228

and demobilization, 300, 301, 313–14

and discovery, 317

on Duck Hunt mission, 227,
227
, 242, 246, 249–50, 254, 255, 267, 269, 275–77, 282, 304

and funding, 161, 201–2

future plans of, 334

and Hotsy move, 305, 306, 308, 310

and melting at BW-1,
312
, 313

“Operation Duck Hunt 2012” report by, 201

and radar, 243–44

and research, 98, 202

Bluie East Two, 17, 84

rescue missions from, 232, 235, 261, 287–96

safe arrival at, 297

supply drops from, 211–12

Turner and crew relocated to, 184, 210–11

Wade and Moe returned to, 205

Bluie West Eight, 17, 23, 115

Balchen as commander of, 118

radio contact with PN9E, 122

rescue missions from, 118, 136, 186–88

Bluie West One, 17, 19, 21, 56

and BW-1 report, 277

communications from PN9E to, 112–13, 180

search planes from, 51, 64–65

weather preventing missions from, 105, 114, 187–88, 213

Bombardier’s Code of Honor, 32

Bottoms, Benjamin A.,
8
,
134
, 337

death officially declared, 155

and Demorest’s fall in crevasse, 148, 149

Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 155–56

and Douglas Dolphin, 134

and Duck crash, 150–53

as Duck radioman, 3, 133, 134,
135

memorials to,
327
, 333

missing in action, 46, 96, 151, 153, 175, 178, 182, 198, 220, 283, 297, 322

next of kin, 164–66

and PN9E rescue mission, 3–4, 6–8, 129, 135–41, 142, 145–46, 156, 315

and recovery, 317, 334

Bottoms, Olga Rogers, 133, 165

Boy Scouts of America, 321, 323

Bradley, John, 223, 252,
335
, 342

and GPS, 251, 269, 278

and nighttime glacier hike, 277–78

and points of interest, 268, 273, 278–79, 282, 301, 311

roles of, 224, 251, 308

Bratton, Nicholas “Nick,” 223,
335
, 342

and Duck Hunt, 224, 226, 241, 268, 270, 273, 311

and Hotsy move, 305, 308

Brehme, Carl, 210, 288

Brinsko, Michelle, 300, 301,
335
, 342

and base camp, 247

and nighttime glacier hike, 277–78

roles of, 223, 224, 306, 308

Britain:

U.S. Air Force in, 17

and World War II, 14, 16, 17

Byrd, Richard E., 100, 116–17, 262, 330

C-47 Skytrains, search missions of, 23, 65

C-53s, search missions of, 22, 23

C-53 Skytrooper, 19–24,
20

communications from, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 57, 105

crash of, xi, 21, 22, 35, 153

crew members of, 21, 28, 297

and hypothermia, 28

loss of, 28–29, 114, 144, 154–55, 182

Lou’s permit to search for, 197

Lou’s quest to search for, 43–44, 94, 335

as modified DC-3, 20

official declaration of deaths, 155

PN9E’s search for, 33–37, 65

search abandoned for, 122, 123

search missions for, 22–23, 25–28, 33–35, 48, 56, 58, 64–65, 84, 90–91, 105, 122, 123

takeoff and flight plan, 19–20

C-54 Skymaster, and Balchen’s rescue mission, 119–23, 135

C-130 Hercules transport plane, 46, 93, 190, 196–97, 199, 218, 227, 228, 244, 246, 303

Canada, Little Norway in, 117

Canadian bomber, 79–90, 129

bombsight destroyed, 82

crash landing of, 78, 80, 153

crew of, 79, 142

ferrying mission of, 79

and hypothermia, 88–89

and
Lost in the Arctic,
89

and
Northland,
85–90,
86
, 124

rescue of crew, 83–90,
89
, 91, 114, 127, 142

survival of crew, 80–85, 89–90

travel with dinghy, 82–86

Capa, Cornell, 99

Carlson, William S., 25

Christian, Patrick, 45

Churchill, Winston, 108, 145

Coast Guard, U.S.:

and Arlington National Cemetery, 96

Aviation Memorial, 333

budget of, 93, 201–2

and competition among military branches, 84, 209

contract with North South Polar, 199, 202, 277

creed of, 127, 129

and demobilization order, 299, 314

and Duck crash, 152–53

and Duck Hunt, 46–47, 92–93, 102–3, 158, 189–90, 195, 196–97, 198, 199, 201–2, 225, 277

Duck Hunt team members, 227–28

and Duck search (1975), 97

and
Eagle,
95

Greenland Patrol of, 16, 23, 66

and International Ice Patrol, 16

and Ivigtut mine, 15, 16

missing personnel of, 46, 93, 96, 103, 154, 164

and
Northland,
2, 84, 90–91, 333

Office of Aviation Forces, 46, 227

ownership of downed planes and shipwrecks, 160

radar data collected by, 194, 242–43

and recovery plans, 334

rescue work of, 2–4, 8, 46, 90–91, 127, 183

roles of, 93

“Semper Paratus,” 46

souvenirs on eBay, 96, 97

travel to base camp, 246–49

World War II history by, 15

and World War II jurisdiction, 93

Coast Guard Aviation Association, 95

Coleman, Ralph, 211

Collins, Thomas, 96

Columbus, Christopher, 10

Comanche Bay:

and Duck crash site, 192

and Duck Hunt, 249, 250

Northland
in, 2, 123–24, 125–30, 135, 140, 150, 151, 181, 188

and PN9E crash site, 3, 123

Congress, U.S., and Title 10/Missing Persons Act, 162

Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, 207

Crea, Vivien, 98

CReSIS (Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets), 194

CRREL (Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), U.S. Army, 201, 202, 242, 243, 251

cryolite, 14–16

Deer, Joe, 98, 342

Defense Department, U.S.:

budget of, 93, 161

and Coast Guard, 93

congressional mandate to, 162

Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office,
see
DPMO

recovery of personnel and equipment, 93, 161–62

Demorest, Max, 24–27,
24
, 337

and Beach Head Station, 122

death officially declared, 155

fall in crevasse, 147–50, 151, 152, 168, 178, 315

missing in action, 175, 297, 322

and motorsled rescue mission, 123–24, 127, 136, 138, 141, 143–45, 146–47

and PN9E rescue mission, 122

search for McDowell’s C-53, 25–27

tributes to, 330–31

Demorest, Rebecca, 330

Denmark:

government-in-exile, 16

and Greenland, 13–14

and World War II, 14–15, 16

Devers, Jacob, 209

Disco, Jetta, 227, 246, 274, 305,
335
, 342

dogsled teams, 123,
183
, 186–88

at Motorsled Camp, 286–87

and PBY rescue missions, 215, 261, 264, 265, 284–86,
292

trek to the coast, 291, 293

Dolleman, Hendrik “Dutch,” 215, 261,
263
,
288
, 337–38

background of, 262

and dogsled trek to the coast, 291, 293

and rescue mission, 265, 285, 286–87, 289, 291

Dorian, Charles, 87, 338

Douglas A-20,
see
Canadian bomber

DPMO:

congressional mandate to, 162

and Duck Hunt, 43–45, 160

and JPAC, 102, 277

meetings with Lou, 41–47, 92–95, 158–63

mission of, 41, 45, 94, 162, 164

more than 83,000 lost military personnel on record, 44, 46

ratio of cost to recovery, 45, 161

ten servicemen lost in Greenland, 44

Drisko, Donald, 182

Duck Hunt:

author’s plans to go to Greenland, 195–96

base camp (2012), 246–49,
248
, 267–69

Coast Guard support of,
see
Coast Guard, U.S.