God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (65 page)

74
   Parker, ‘Messianic Vision’,
passim
, but especially pp. 177, 185, 206–9. For the commemorative medal, also see Parker,
Grand Strategy
, p. 4 and Plates 2 and 3 on p. 5.

75
   
CSP Rome, 1558–1571
, pp. 393, 394, 396, 400.

76
   BL Lans. MS 15, ff. 181r, 186r.

77
   
LJ
, I, p. 728. For Vaux’s involvement in the county, see J. J. LaRocca, ‘Vaux, William, third Baron Vaux’,
ODNB
;
CSP Dom 1547–80
, pp. 343, 375; PRO SP 12/86, f. 135r; PRO KB 9/653, pt. II, ff. 106–7.

78
   Neale,
Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments
, p. 347.

79
   Wiburn,
A checke or reproofe of M. Howlets untimely shreeching in her Maiesties eares
(1581), f. 15v; Collinson,
The Elizabethan Puritan Movement
, p. 27. For the Puritan movement in Northamptonshire, see Sheils.

80
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 59r;
APC
, XI, pp. 179–80, 207; PRO SP 12/86, f. 135r; HMC Buccleuch, 3, p. 18.

81
   Folger MS Bd.w. STC 22957. f. 86.

82
   PRO STAC 7/4/26; Anstruther,
Vaux
, pp. 87–90.

83
   
APC
, XXII, p. 546.

84
   S. Lipscomb,
1536: The Year That Changed Henry VIII
(Oxford, 2009), pp. 62–3; K. Thomas, ‘Age and Authority in Early Modern England’,
Proceedings of the British Academy
, 62 (1976), pp. 207–8.

85
   Marsh,
Popular Religion
, p. 35.

86
   Loarte,
The Exercise of a Christian Life
, p. 34.

87
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 169r.

PART ONE: WILLIAM AND HENRY

1
The Enterprise is Begun

1
     Simpson,
Campion
, p. 228.

2
     Cross, ‘Letters of Sir Francis Hastings’, Introduction and pp. 3, 19, 23.

3
     Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 200.

4
     Cross, ‘Letters of Sir Francis Hastings’, pp. 6–7, 19.

5
     Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 201; PRO SP 14/19, f. 136.

6
     Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 101.

7
     Ibid., p. 100; Folger MS Bd.w. STC 22957, ff. 78v–79v, 83v–86r.

8
     Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 195.

9
     Alexandra Walsham’s
Church Papists
(1993) is the authority on this subject and any material not referenced below can be found there, especially at pp. 73–96. For Throckmorton’s complaint, see Wake,
Brudenells
, p. 117n. For Sheldon’s chapel: Williams, ‘Forbidden Sacred Spaces’, p. 98. For Mallory: PRO SP 12/190, f. 130v. For the articles against the parishioners of Preston: Peel,
Seconde Parte of a Register
, I, p. 295. For links between the Flamsteads and the Vauxes and Treshams: TP, p. 47; NRO V 385: Harpole deeds; PRO C2/Eliz./U2/12; PRO WARD 3/17part1. For William Flamstead and John Shakespeare: Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, II, pp. 13–14. For John Finche’s attempted suicide:
CSP Dom 1581–90
, p. 131.

10
   
Recusancy and Conformity
, ed. Crosignani et al., p. 23. Also, pp. 262–84 for the views of Henry Garnet, S.J., who would later advise the Vauxes. This is an invaluable collection of documents with an excellent introduction.

11
   Haigh,
Plain Man’s Pathways
, p. 197.

12
   Miola,
Early Modern Catholicism
, p. 488.

13
   Cross, ‘Letters of Sir Francis Hastings’, p. 23.

14
   NRO WR 337.

15
   Devlin,
Southwell
, pp. 18–21;
A discoverie of the treasons
, sig. Aiiir.

16
   Loarte, trans. Sancer [Brinkley],
The Exercise of a Christian Life
, sigs **iir–v.

17
   Southwell,
Short Rule
, sig. a7v.

18
   Brown, ‘Robert Southwell’, p. 193.

19
   Persons, ‘Memoirs’, pp. 200–1; Persons, ‘Life and Martyrdom’, 12, pp. 28–9; Foley,
Records
, III, pp. 626–8; Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 141–2, 222–3, 292–3, 296–9.

20
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. xxiv.

21
   Ditchfield, ‘The Jesuits’, pp. 54–6.

22
   McCoog,
The Society of Jesus
, p. 141.

23
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 141–2; McCoog, ‘French Match’, p. 200
n
.

24
   See McCoog, ‘French Match’, and Lake and Questier, ‘Campion in Context’.

25
   McCoog, ‘Playing the Champion’, p. 125; Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 139–40.

26
   Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, p. 177.

27
   Ibid., p. 127; Simpson,
Campion
, p. 175.

28
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 174–5.

29
   Ibid., p. 247.

30
   Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, pp. 73–4.

31
   For the way in which Persons and Campion used recusancy as ‘a wedge issue’ to prise apart the government’s rendition of the religion/politics divide, see Lake and Questier, ‘Puritans, Papists, and the “Public Sphere” in Early Modern England: The Edmund Campion Affair in Context’, pp. 608–12. I am indebted to the insights in this article.

32
   Ibid., p. 602.

33
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 226.

34
   McCoog, ‘Playing the Champion’, p. 128
n
.

35
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 228.

36
   Lake and Questier, ‘Campion in Context’, p. 604; McCoog, ‘Playing the Champion’, p. 129.

37
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 245.

38
   Ibid., pp. 242–3.

39
   BL Lans. MS 30, f. 201r; Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 100.

40
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 247–8.

41
   BL Harl MS 859, f. 44r.

42
   BL Harl. MS 360, f. 3v. Persons seems to have been mistaken when he later named Lord Vaux as one of those arrested. Vaux was not on Burghley’s list and the following month he signed a musters certificate in Northamptonshire.

43
   Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, p. 155.

44
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 249.

45
   Questier,
Catholicism and Community
, p. 191; Larocca, ‘Popery and Pounds’, pp. 249–63.

46
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 226–8.

47
   PRO SP 12/142, f. 78r.

2
To be a Perfect Catholic

1
     
LJ
, II, pp. 23–53.

2
     Hartley,
Proceedings
, pp. 502–5.

3
     23 Eliz. c. 1. For commentary, see Bowler,
Recusant Roll No. 2
, pp. xii–xxi; Larocca, ‘Popery and Pounds’, pp. 260–3.

4
     Bowler,
Recusant Roll No. 2
, pp. xliv–v, citing Thomas Wilson’s 1601 survey.

5
     Simpson,
Campion
, p. 244.

6
     Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 113, citing f. 20 of the Visitation Book of 1581–3 in the NRO. Unfortunately the mansuscript is so fragile that it cannot currently be viewed.

7
     Persons, ‘Memoirs’, 2, p. 200; McCoog, ‘Slightest Suspicion of Avarice’, pp. 103–4; Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 222, 292–3, 296–9.

8
     Devlin,
Southwell
, p. 53. The paintings commissioned by Gilbert and undertaken by Niccolò Circignani no longer survive, but engravings were made and bound in a book, published as
Ecclesiae Anglicanae Trophae
(Rome, 1584).

9
     Hicks,
Letters and Memorials
, pp. 331–40. See too Questier, ‘Like Locusts’, pp. 272–3.

10
   Persons, ‘Life and Martyrdom’, 12, p. 30; McCoog,
The Society of Jesus
, p. 152.

11
   Lake and Questier, ‘Campion in Context’, pp. 604–5.

12
   Persons, ‘Memoirs’, 2, pp. 29, 182; Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 260–2, 287, 296, 526 (n. 190). See too Brown, ‘Robert Southwell’, pp. 193–6; Waugh,
Edmund Campion
, pp. 146–7.

13
   Lake and Questier, ‘Campion in Context’, p. 605.

14
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 303–4; Campion,
Ten Reasons
, p. 142.

15
   Campion,
Ten Reasons
, p. 90.

16
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 266.

17
   Four debates were held within the precincts of the Tower of London on 31 August and 18, 23, and 27 September. A fifth conference, scheduled for 13 October, was cancelled. See McCoog, ‘Playing the Champion’, pp. 135–8.

18
   Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, p. 200.

19
   Ibid., pp. 161–2.

20
   Alford,
Burghley
, p. 250. For further analysis and text, see Kingdon’s double edition.

21
   Simpson,
Campion
, p. 155; Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, p. 172.

22
   Lake and Questier, ‘Campion in Context’.

23
   Fitzherbert,
A Defence of the Catholyke Cause
(Antwerp, 1602), sig. G2r.

24
   Reynolds,
Campion and Parsons
, pp. 150, 154–6, 202–4.

25
   Simpson,
Campion
, pp. 455, 466–8;
DEP
, pp. 266–7, 295–6; Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 1, p. 490.