Goebbels: A Biography (131 page)

121.
TB, 26 July 1943.

122.
TB, 27 July 1943 (for all the meetings on 26 July).

123.
On the meetings on 26 July 1943, see Heiber (ed.),
Lagebesprechungen im Führerhauptquartier
, 331.

124.
TB, 27 July (quotation) and 28 July 1943.

125.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 106ff.; Brunswig,
Feuersturm über Hamburg;
Middlebrook,
Hamburg Juli 43
.

126.
TB, 26 July 1943.

127.
TB, 1 August 1943.

128.
TB, 1 August 1943.

129.
For example
VB
(B), editorials of 1, 3, and 4 August 1943.

130.
TB, 1 August 1942.

131.
VB
(B), 4 August 1943, “Ein Wort zum Luftkrieg”;
Aufstieg
, 400–3.

132.
TB, 2 August 1942.

133.
TB, 14 August 1942.

134.
TB, 3, 4, and 5 August 1943.

135.
Girbig,…
im Anflug auf die Reichshauptstadt
, 69f.

136.
TB, 5 August 1943.

137.
TB, 16 and 18 August 1943.

138.
TB, 18 August 1943.

139.
TB, 10 and 21 August 1943.

140.
TB, 21 August 1943. Hölsken,
Die V-Waffen
, 98.

141.
TB, 28 August 1943. SD-Berichte zu Inlandsfragen, 26 August 1943 (
Meldungen
, p. 5675).

142.
TB, 16 August 1943.

143.
TB, 18 August 1943.

144.
BAB, NS 18/1125, Vorlage Tießler für Parteikanzlei, 19 August 1943.

145.
TB, 12 September, 12 December 1943.

146.
TB, 16 August 1943.

147.
BAB, NS 18/1071, 28 May 1943. See also BAB, R 55/603, letter from the state secretary to the Reich propaganda offices, 27 February 1943.

148.
BAB, R 55/603, 13 September 1943.

149.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 178.

150.
TB, 24 August 1943.

151.
TB, 25 August 1943.

152.
TB, 26 August 1943, and 19 August 1943.

153.
TB, 28 August 1943.

154.
TB, 1 September 1943.

155.
TB, 2 September 1943; also 7 and 8 September 1943.

156.
TB, 1 September 1943.

157.
TB, 3 September 1943.

158.
TB, 1 September 1943.

159.
TB, 4 September 1943.

160.
TB, 6 September 1943.

161.
This is reflected, for example, in Goebbels’s diary entry of 22 July 1943. The main theme is that the Wehrmacht has now gone onto the defensive.

162.
TB, 6 August 1943, and already on 3 August 1943 on the impending evacuation.

163.
Frieser, “Schlacht,” 190ff.

164.
Frieser, “Der Rückzug der Heeresgruppe Mitte nach Weißrußland.”

165.
TB, 10 August 1943.

166.
In June 1943 Hitler had already stressed to him that the offices of Propaganda Minister, head of the Party’s propaganda and Gauleiter of Berlin should always be held by the same person. TB, 23 June 1942.

167.
TB, 13–18 August 1943; on operation “Lehrgang” (course), see Schröder,
Kriegsaustritt
, 263ff.; on the situation in Sicily, see Schreiber, “Ende,” 1109ff.

168.
TB, 22 August 1943; in general entries from 11 to 24 August 1943. Frieser, “Rückzug,” 297ff.; Frieser, “Schlacht,” 198.

1.
Schreiber, “Ende,” 1127, 1118; TB, 4–7 September 1943.

2.
TB, 8 September 1943.

3.
TB, 10 September 1943, and 11 September 1943; Schröder,
Kriegsaustritt
, 281ff.; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1119ff.

4.
TB, 10 September 1943 and continuing entries during the coming days; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1126ff.

5.
Domarus II
, 2035ff.; TB, 11 September 1943. For Goebbels’s reaction to the speech, see TB, 13 September 1943.

6.
TB, 13 September 1943; this was similar to his assessment of the situation before the freeing of Mussolini, when he reflected that Mussolini’s return to the political life of Italy would not really be in Germany’s interest (TB, 11 September 1943).

7.
TB, 15 September 1943.

8.
TB, 15 September 1943.

9.
TB, 17 and 18 September 1943; Schreiber, “Ende,” 1130.

10.
BAK, ZSg 109/44, 14 September 1943, TP 2, The course of the battle was “favorable,” 15 September 1943, TP 2, “Caution” was appropriate, 16 September 1943, IIa, “favorable,” 17 September, TP 2, “Caution.”

11.
TB, 18 September 1943, and 19 September 1943.

12.
TB, 19 September 1943.

13.
TB, 19 and 21 September 1943.

14.
TB, 22 September 1943.

15.
TB, 23 September 1943.

16.
TB, 2 September 1943. Edda was the illegitimate child of Rachele Guidi and Benito Mussolini (who married in 1915) and was born on 1 September 1910; see Bosworth,
Mussolini
, 74.

17.
Frieser, “Die Rückzugsoperationen der Heeresgruppe Süd in der Ukraine,” 357ff., 362ff.

18.
Frieser, “Rückzug,” 301ff.

19.
BAB,
NS
18/264, Aktionsplan der RPL für die Propagandaaktion vom 15. September bis 15. November 1943 (draft). Note from the chief of staff of the head of the Party’s Reich propaganda department concerning Bormann’s agreement, 17 August 1943. PK-Anordnungen A 55 and 56 of 28 and 29 September 1943 (NS 6/342). See Nolzen, “Die NSDAP, der Krieg und die deutsche Gesellschaft,” esp. 162.

20.
TB, 1 October 1943, also 9, 22, and 30 October, 12 November 1943.

21.
TB, 7 October 1943.

22.
See also TB, 29 September 1943 on the conversation with Speer about armaments. On the personnel changes in the Economics Ministry, see Herbst,
Der totale Krieg
, 267ff.

23.
See TB, 2 and 19 October 1943.

24.
The text of Himmler’s Posen speech is published in Smith (ed.),
Heinrich Himmler
, 162ff.

25.
Domarus II
, p. 2045;
VB
(B), 9 October 1943, “Der Führer: Von unserem Willen hängt der deutsche Sieg ab” (headline); TB, 7 and 9 October 1943 (the entry for 8 October is missing).

26.
TB, 30 October 1943.

27.
TB, 9 November 1943.

28.
TB, 30 November 1943.

29.
Frieser, “Rückzugsoperationen,” 382f.; Frieser, “Das Ausweichen der Heeresgruppe Nord von Leningrad ins Baltikum”; Schönherr, “Der Rückzug der Heeresgruppe A über die Krim bis Rumänien.”

30.
TB, 26 and 27 November, also 17 December 1942.

31.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 188; TB, 20 November 1943.

32.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 188.

33.
TB, 15 November 1943.

34.
TB, 23 November 1943, edition text supplemented with minor additions.

35.
TB, 24 November 1943.

36.
TB, 24 November 1943.

37.
TB, 24 November 1943.

38.
TB, 27 November 1943.

39.
TB, 27 November 1943.

40.
TB, 28 November 1943, and 30 November 1943.

41.
TB, 3 December 1943 (on the arrangement of this group of helpers); see also 28 November 1943.

42.
TB, 29 November 1943.

43.
VB
(B), 29 November 1943.

44.
See also TB, 26 November 1943.

45.
TB, 21 December 1943; BAB, R 43 II/1648, also published in Moll,
“Führer-Erlass,”
no. 288. On the background, see TB, 19 December 1943.

46.
TB, 20 December 1943; also 21, 25, and 28 December 1940; Hoffmann had already presented him with initial proposals for his new task at the end of November: TB, 1 December 1943; BAB, R 43 II/669d, Vermerk über die Besprechung of 4 January 1944; Blank, “Kriegsalltag,” 392f.; Blank, “Albert Hoffmann als Reichsverteidigungskommissar im Gau Westfalen-Süd 1943–1945.”

47.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 188; TB, 17, 18, 25, and 31 December 1943.

48.
TB, 23 December 1943.

49.
TB, 25 December 1943.

50.
TB, 3 January 1944;
Tagesberichte
, 1 January 1944.

51.
Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 188; TB, 21 and 22 January 1944.

52.
TB, 29 and 30 January 1944; Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg
, 188.

53.
TB, 31 January 1944.

54.
TB, 1–9 January 1944.

55.
TB, 5 February 1944.

56.
Das Reich
, 13 February 1944; TB, 1 February 1944.

57.
TB, 18 February 1944 (difficult to decipher).

58.
TB, 4, 10, and 19 February 1944.

59.
TB, 19 December 1943, 19 February, 27 April 1944.

60.
TB, 24 February 1944.

61.
TB, 18 April 1944.

62.
Kershaw,
Hitler. 1936–1945
, 797.

63.
TB, 28 October 1943; see also 9 November 1943.

64.
TB, 29 February 1944.

65.
TB, 25 January 1944, also 15 March, 18 April 1944.

66.
15 March 1944.

67.
TB, 25 February 1944: “Himmler, like Bormann, keeps trying to establish closer contact with me, which is very agreeable.”

68.
Concerning lengthy conversations: TB, 27 November 1943 and 18 January 1944; because Speer was in a sanatorium he gave Naumann the task of maintaining these contacts: TB, 6 February, 9 March 1944.

69.
Skeptical comments about Ley in TB, 6, 15, and 29 January also 25 February 1944.

70.
Führererlaß of 15 August 1943 betr. die Abgrenzung der Zuständigkeiten zwischen dem Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda und dem Reichsminister für die besetzten Ostgebiete, BAB, R 55/1436, published in Moll,
“Führer-Erlasse,”
no. 262; TB, 28 August 1943.

71.
BAB, R 55/1435, Ministeramt an Staatssekretär: no directives received up till now, 21 September 1943.

72.
TB, 20 October 1943; see also 22 September, 2 October 1943.

73.
Lammers to Goebbels, 27 October 1943, BAB, R 55/1435.

74.
On the negotiations, see BAB, R 55/1436, minutes of the meeting in the Ministry of the Eastern Territories, 16 September 1943, Leiter R to Goebbels, 16 September 1943, with drafts from both ministries for the agreement and further relevant correspondence; TB, 12 December 1944.

75.
BAB, R 6/11, Abkommen über die Zusammenarbeit in Presse- und Propagandaangelegenheiten zwischen Ostministerium und Propagandaministerium of 20 December 1944.

76.
BAB, R 55/440, Erlaß über die Errichtung von Propagandaämtern in den besetzten Ostgebieten of 17 December 1943, in Nachrichtenblatt, 23 December 1943. The diary entry for 15 January 1944 in which Goebbels reports on a further ministerial meeting about the subject suggests further difficulties.

77.
TB, 11 and 23 September 1943.

78.
TB, 24 February, 4 and 15 March 1944 (quotation). Dobroszycki,
Die legale polnische Presse
, 66; Hoffmann,
NS-Propaganda in den Niederlanden
.

79.
Boelcke (ed.),
Deutschlands Rüstung im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, 13–15 May 1943, no. 21, and 30 May 1943, no. 31.

80.
TB, 10 May 1943. On Goebbels’s ambitions and Hitler’s promises, see also TB, 3 January, 14 February, 12 May, 11 June, 11 July, 29 August, 11, 23, and 30 September 1943; see also Uziel,
Propaganda Warriors
, 200ff.

81.
TB, 27 October 1943.

82.
During 1943 the friction with the Foreign Ministry continued, particularly on account of the dispute over responsibilities for foreign propaganda: TB, 16, 23, 27, and 28 March 1943. They were to continue at the beginning of 1944: TB, 12 and 18 February, 4 and 10 March 1944.

83.
Details in Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 227f.; TB, 13 and 14 November 1943.

84.
BAK, NL 1118/106, Goebbels letter of 24 November 1943.

85.
TB, 9 and 10 December 1943, on the basis of information from Lammers.

86.
TB, 1 July, 17 October 1943, also 17 March 1944.

87.
TB, 18 (quotation) and 19 April 1944. On the planned changes, see already 26 January 1944.

88.
TB, 14 and 24 August 1944; also 23 September, 11 December 1944.

89.
TB, 8, 20, and 23 January 1944.

90.
TB, 4 and 6 January 1944 (quotation).

91.
TB, 7 June, and 9 and 10 June 1944.

92.
TB, 20 December 1943.

93.
TB, 14 May 1944.

94.
TB, 23 December 1944.

95.
TB, 21 December 1943.

96.
TB, 22 December 1943, 7, 9, and 18 January 1944.

97.
TB, 17 February 1944, also 25 January, 17 February 1944, 19 November, 18 and 20 December 1943. He had already given vent to his suspicions in the entry of 26 March 1942: He now wanted “to get Schach closer to me and marginalize Görlitzer more and more.” The final appointment to the position of deputy Gauleiter occurred only in January 1945: TB, 4 January 1945.

98.
TB, 3 April 1944.

99.
TB, 15, 21, and 25 April 1944.

100.
TB, 4 May 1944, and 5 May 1944.

101.
TB, 17 June 1944.

102.
TB, 23 January 1944.

103.
TB, numerous entries between 8 February and 4 March 1944. On the feelers, see Wegner, “Das Kriegsende in Skandinavien,” 978.

104.
TB, 4, 5, and 7 March 1944.
VB
(B), 7 June 1944, “Blutoffensive gegen Finnland” (editorial dated 6 June);
BBZ
, 7 March 1943, “Nervenkrieg im Norden”; BAK, ZSg 109/48, 6 March 1944, TP 1, orders the rest of the press to be cautious; 7 March, TP 1, the comments can be used by the rest of the press. See Wegner, “Kriegsende,” 981.

105.
See TB, 22 January, 22 March, 7 May 1943.

106.
TB, 15 March 1944; Wegner, “Kriegsende,” 983.

107.
Wegner, “Kriegsende” 978; TB, numerous entries, particularly between 19 March and 25 April 1944.

108.
Frieser, “Rückzugsoperationen,” 434ff.

109.
Frieser, “Rückzugsoperationen,” 424ff.

110.
Schönherr, “Rückzug,” 485.

111.
TB, 13 March 1944, and 15 March 1944 on the preparations for the action.

112.
TB, 19 March 1944.

113.
TB, 20–24 March 1944. On Veesenmayer, see Matic,
Edmund Veesenmayer
.

114.
TB, 26, 29 March, 1, 21, 22, and 26 April 1944. On the persecution and deportation of the Hungarian Jews in 1944, see Braham,
The Politics of Genocide;
Gerlach and Aly,
Das letzte Kapitel
.

115.
TB, 25 May 1944.

116.
TB, 27 April 1944, also 2 and 5 May 1944.

117.
TB, 2 August 1944: “Horthy is also of course an unreliable character. He’s now […] made the enemy an offer to exchange the Jewish children living in Hungary. Obviously one can’t engage in serious politics with such unreliable types.” TB, 3 September 1944: “In a radio broadcast the Hungarian Prime Minister has attacked the people in his country who are carping. We might be willing to accept that bit of the speech. But he also declared that the Jewish question was to be solved in a liberal way, which in general we’re not happy with. For when one of our allies starts talking about being liberal then he’s usually already on the wrong track.”

118.
TB, 6–11 March 1944. It is clear that these daylight raids did not destroy much housing. Demps, “Die Luftangriffe auf Berlin,” 35ff. (table).

119.
TB, 11 March 1944.

120.
Tagesberichte
, 24 and 25 March 1944; TB, 25, 26, and 27 March 1944.

121.
TB, 22 and 23 January 1944.

122.
Boog, “Strategischer Luftkrieg in Europa 1943–1944/45,” 367ff.

123.
TB, 23 and 26 February, 5 March 1944. On the effects of the raids, see 24 and 25 February 1944, 3, 16, 19 and 22 March, also 20 April 1944.

124.
TB, 1 March 1944.

125.
TB, 7 March 1944.

126.
Boog, “Luftkrieg,” 379.

127.
In January Goebbels assumed that the “Luftwaffe’s retaliation with remote-controlled airplanes” would begin in the middle of February, the A4 (V-2) rockets would be ready for launching in large numbers in the second half of March (TB, 14 January 1944). In March he learned that the flying bomb could be deployed from the middle of April, the A4 was to be deployed in the middle or at the end of April. TB, 9 March 1944; see also 19 March 1944.

128.
TB, 18 April 1944, also 27 April 1944.

129.
Hölsken,
V-Waffen
, esp. 43f., 64, 68ff., 133f.

130.
TB, 3 May 1944.

131.
Tagesberichte
, 20 and 22 April 1944; TB, 21 and 22 April 1944.

132.
TB, 26 April 1944; Richardi,
Bomber über München
, 238ff.; Permooser,
Der Luftkrieg über München
, 198ff.