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Chapter 16
‌

Under their parents’ noses -- the online sexual solicitation of young people

David Shannon

Meet David Shannon

David has been working as a researcher at the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention for four years. Prior to taking up his current position, he worked as Director of Studies for the undergraduate and postgraduate programmes at Stockholm University’s Department of Criminology, where he was also involved in researching different aspects of youth crime. Since moving to the National Council, David’s research focus has become more varied, and besides researching sexual offences against children, he has also participated in projects focused on discrimination in the criminal justice system and violence in schools. His work continues to involve researching and writing about youth crime, responses to youth crime and youth victimisation more generally.

Introduction

It’s a bit comical really because my parents were watching TV in the same room. I’m not sure how old the guy was, but at least twenty. I sent a couple of pictures of my face (nothing sexual) and he started writing things like how he wished I was there so he could fuck me in the arse and the mouth, and other similar ‘dirty talk’. It wasn’t exactly a turn on, especially with my parents in the same room.

(girl aged 13)

The quotation presented above is a description provided by a teenage girl of an online sexual contact she had with an adult at the age of 13. The reason for choosing to begin the chapter with this particular quotation is that it provides a very good illustration of the way in which the Internet has brought the

possibility of sexual contacts with adults into children’s homes in a very new way. This is not the kind of thing you would expect a man in his twenties to be saying to a 13-year-old sitting in the same room as her parents – but the Internet makes it possible.

Attempts by adults to develop relationships with children for the purposes of sexual exploitation and abuse are of course nothing new (e.g. Martens 1989; McAlinden 2006). However, with the rapid expansion in Internet use among young people from the mid to late 1990s, an awareness gradually developed among practitioners, researchers and policy-makers that this new medium provided a new and for the most part completely unmonitored arena for contacts between adults and children. The anonymity provided by Internet communications was recognised as creating favourable conditions for adults wishing to develop manipulative relationships with young people (e.g. Stanley 2001), and our knowledge of the ways in which adults are using the Internet for the purpose of sexually exploiting and abusing children has been slowly growing ever since.

Research on the online sexual solicitation of children remains relatively limited, but it is continuously expanding. Research has focused on questions of the prevalence of online solicitation (e.g. Finkelhor
et al
. 2000; Wolak
et al
. 2006; Bra˚ 2007), on risk factors for exposure to online sexual contacts (e.g. Mitchell
et al
. 2001), on the modus operandi of adults who use the Internet to establish sexual contacts with children (e.g. Gallagher
et al
. 2006; Alvin Malesky Jr. 2007), on the content of online sexual contacts (e.g. O’Connell 2003; O’Connell
et al
. 2004), and on the methods employed by adults to persuade children to meet them offline for the purposes of sexual exploitation and abuse (e.g. Wolak
et al
. 2004a; Shannon 2008).

Central findings to date show that children experience online sexual contacts both from adults and from other young people. They also show that

exposure to such contacts appears to be less widespread among younger children, but becomes increasingly common as children approach and enter their teenage years. Girls are exposed to online sexual solicitation to a much greater extent than boys, and boys and men are responsible for the vast majority of the online contacts described in the literature (e.g. Finkelhor
et al
.