Harlem Nocturne (33 page)

    
Petry, Ann and,
3
,
7
,
10
,
11
,
14
,
81
,
83
,
89–90
,
94–96
,
97–101

    
Popular Front and,
5
,
45

    
Primus, Pearl and,
7
,
10
,
14
,
29–31
,
38
,
57–62
,
69

    
progressive,
38
,
155

    
protest,
83

    
radical,
25
,
32

    
Reformist Left and,
9

    
tactics and,
4

    
war years and,
4

    
Williams, Mary Lou and,
3
,
7
,
10
,
14
,
139–140
,
175–178

Popular Front,
5
,
7–8
,
30
,
45
,
106

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.,
21–22
,
45–46
,
87
,
91
,
92
,
101
,
110
,
118
,
120
,
129
,
137
,
153
,
154

Powell, Bud,
13
,
150
,
160
,
161

Premice, Josephine,
68

President's Fair Employment Practices Committee,
6

Press.
See
Black press

Primus, Pearl,
26fig
,
41fig
,
52fig
,
138
,
175

    
aesthetic concerns of,
3
,
7
,
24–25
,
30–31
,
49
,
51
,
52

    
Africa, trip to of,
3
,
16
,
31
,
57

    
afrocentricity and,
31

    
appearance of,
47–50

    
audiences, relationship with of,
42–43
,
50

    
background of,
2
,
28
,
29
,
31–32
,
33–34

    
birth of,
28
,
33

    
black press and,
43

    
on Broadway,
63
,
67

    
Café Society and,
2
,
44–48
,
50–53
,
60
,
152
,
153

    
choreography of,
25
,
43
,
50
,
53
,
67
,
77
,
190

    
collaborations of,
2
,
50–52

    
Communist Party and,
10
,
60
,
62
,
74
,
75

    
democracy and,
3
,
10
,
76

    
Double V Campaign and,
5
,
30
,
53

    
Dunham, Katherine and,
13
,
40
,
42–44

    
early career of,
35–37

    
education of,
14–15
,
24
,
33–35
,
36
,
69–73
,
190

    
FBI investigation of,
3
,
16
,
17
,
58
,
59–62
,
68
,
73–76

    
firsthand accounts of,
65–66

    
Five Dancers
performance of,
39
–
40
,
44

    
friendships of,
2

    
Harlem, NY and,
2
,
9
,
95

    
“In Darkness and Confusion” of,
122–127

    
as intellectual,
3
,
14–15
,
30
,
31
,
34
,
44
,
54
,
55
,
69–73
,
85

    
legacy of,
15
,
190–192
,
196–197

    
marriages of,
53–54
,
190

    
Negro Freedom Rally (1943) and,
17
,
23–24
,
28
,
30
,
50
,
52–53
,
55
,
60
,
62

    
nervous breakdown of,
62–63

    
New Dance Group and,
37–40
,
68
,
72

    
New York City, NY and,
2
,
12–13
,
29
,
185

    
personality of,
34
,
51

    
political activism of,
3
,
7
,
9
,
10
,
14
,
29–31
,
38
,
57–62
,
69

    
Popular Front and,
8
,
30

    
reputation of,
13
,
15

    
reviews of,
39–40
,
42

    
segregation and,
24
,
27
,
43

    
SNYC and,
57–60

    
social realism and,
31
,
110

    
South, trip to of,
54–57
,
63–65

    
as teacher,
68–69
,
72

    
white supremacy and,
9

    
Williams, Mary Lou and,
2
,
50–51
,
67
,
152
,
168

    
See also
Dance

Racism,
6
,
61
,
139

    
Black Americans and,
28

    
black press and,
92

    
Communist Party and,
62

    
dance as protest against,
53

    
democracy and,
10

    
employment and,
22
,
35–36

    
Harlem, NY and,
79

    
housing and,
22

    
New York City, NY and,
12–13

    
South and,
28

Radicalism,
8
,
25
,
32
,
94

Rahman-Ndiaye, Andara Koumba,
191

Randolph, A. Philip,
6–7
,
19
,
124

Realism, social,
11
,
31
,
110
,
114
,
117

Reckling, Frances Kraft,
86–87
,
88

Renaissance, Harlem,
11–12
,
21
,
95

Republican Party, Republicans,
90

Richards, Lloyd,
102

Roach, Max,
166

Roberts, Lucky,
136

Robeson, Paul, Jr.,
37

Robeson, Paul, Sr.,
22–23
,
37
,
45
,
48
,
74
,
75
,
130
,
135
,
137

Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,”
23
,
118

Robinson, Dollie,
87–88
,
98–99
,
110

Robinson, Mabel Louise,
104–105

Rockefeller, Nelson,
46

“Roll 'Em” (Williams),
147–148

Roosevelt, Eleanor,
46
,
53
,
176

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
6
,
36
,
92
,
93

Rorty, Richard,
8–9
,
46
,
114–115

Rosenkrantz, Timmie,
167

Rosie the Riveter,
4

Rowley, Hazel,
156

Russell, Curley,
166

Rustin, Bayard,
6–7

Sapphire,
76–77

Saturday Evening Post
,
106

Savage, Augusta,
37

Savoy Ballroom,
29
,
35
,
46
,
95–96

Schoenberg, Arnold,
163

Schurman, Nona,
39

Scott, Hazel,
12
,
45
,
46
,
47
,
74
,
75
,
91
,
136
,
137
,
153–154
,
157
,
175

Scottsboro Boys,
135

Scruggs, Mary Elfrieda.
See
Williams, Mary Lou

Second Great Migration,
5
,
7
,
28

Segregation,
24
,
94
,
98

    
black migrants and,
28–29

    
black press and,
91

    
dance and,
25
,
27

    
democracy and,
29

    
Democratic Party and,
90

    
Double V Campaign and,
6

    
in employment,
7

    
Harlem, NY and,
79

    
in housing,
7

    
in military,
6
,
12
,
91
,
111–113

    
Petry, Ann and,
98–99

    
Primus, Pearl and,
25
,
27
,
43

    
professional organizations and,
98–99

    
protest against,
25

    
racial,
19
,
28

    
transportation and,
25
,
26–27
,
29

    
Williams, Mary Lou and,
175–177

Shange, Ntozake,
192

Show Boat
(musical),
22
,
67

Sierra Leone,
29

Simms, Hilda,
54

Simone, Nina,
50

Simons, John,
52fig

Six Men and a Girl
(Williams),
160

Smith, Bessie,
11

Smith, Ferdinand,
136
,
138

Smith, Lillian,
176

Smith, Marvin,
95

Smith, Morgan,
95

SNYC.
See
Southern Negro Youth Congress

Social justice,
10
,
14
,
24
,
30
,
151

Social movements,
15
,
17

Social realism,
11
,
31
,
110
,
114
,
117

“Solo on the Drums” (Petry),
102

“Souls of Black Folk” (Du Bois),
57