Authors: Joyce Carol Oates
“No! What a silly question.”
“Good. We have in common the rationalist's belief in
this world only.
”
How appealing Wystan was, in his clumsy way. He reminded me of my brother when Harvey was being sweet and charming and not sarcastic or mean to meâa rarity.
And I saw that Wystan was attracted to me. The curious way he peered at my face.
Maybe noting my swollen lower lip, that had been bitten and bloodied.
Gallantly Wystan helped me carry some of the books I'd selected from Religion/Anthropology shelves. (Lesser-known titles by Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Clifford Geertz; provocatively titled trade paperbacks
Totem, Taboo and Mother-Child Rituals in Africa,
and
A Cultural History of Infanticide,
grimy mass-market paperbacks on many topics including, for Harvey,
Kierkegaard, Hegel, and Unbelief
and
Forbidden and Denied: Apocryphal Books of the Bible
as well as a half-dozen back issues of
Journal of Early Christian Studies
.) Each time I selected a book to buy, Wystan marveled at my “judicious taste.” His feeling for me, a mysterious young Caucasian woman who was clearly well educated, who'd entered the run-down secondhand Book Bazaar out of nowhere on a weekday morning, was touchingly clumsy as an oversized beach ball Wystan was obliged to carry in his arms, unable to pass on to another, or to set aside. For a dreamy hour I wandered the aisles of the store feeling as Harvey claimed to feelâthat somewhere in all these thousands of books there was a singular book that would speak intimately to me, and change my lifeâbut where was it?
Or maybe, I'd bought it.
Finally I told Wystan that I had to leave.
“So soon? You haven't seen the third floorâsci-fi, dark fantasy, poetry, women's studies, gay and lesbian, New Age.”
“Thank you. But I have to leave.”
“The basement! The âbook mausoleum' that contains unknown treasures...”
“Thank you, Wystan. Not today.”
“Next time, then! That's a promise.”
Clearly there was no one else in the store, since it was Wystan who checked out my books at the cashier's counter. In his eagerness to stay at my side he'd ignored another, single, male customer who'd drifted in, and out, of the store without a purchase.
My precious armload of paperback books came to just thirty-two dollars and ninety-eight cents. This, I paid with cash, but Wystan pressed me to give him my address so that Book Bazaar could send out notices of store events and salesâ“It's a service to our favored customers.”
When I looked dubious Wystan said, “Ten percent discount to our favored customers. Regular book sales.”
But mutely I shook my head
no.
No thanks
.
“Or an email address, then.”
But I was feeling cautious
. No thanks!
Wystan opened the door for me with a show of gallantry. I had to pass close by his extended arm, and I could smell his particular odorâbook-dust, papery-dry-dust, long melancholy afternoons shading into night. Suddenly with a quizzical smile he asked me if I knew Harvey Selden?âand quickly I shook my head
no.
“You remind me of Harvey. Around the eyes, I think. And the noseâyou both have a kind of âpatrician' nose.”
My heart beat strangely. Why I felt such alarm, I don't know. As if I were about to receive a profound and irrevocable revelation, and did not know if I was ready for it.
Wystan said, with a look of regret, “Harvey is the most remarkable person I've met. Not that I know Harvey wellâI don't. Never did. He can read all kinds of crazy languages of âantiquity.' He was translating something from the Bible, he thought would âtransform' the world. He used to come into the store two-three times a week when he'd first moved to Trenton in May. Bought lots of booksâcheap paperbacks but great choices. He was a âseminarian' he saidâon âsabbatical' for a term. But lately, last five weeks or so, I haven't seen him and I kind of miss him. I'd been saving out some special old books for him. Someone who'd met Harvey here in the store, who sometimes hangs out here, said the other day, really shook me up, that Harvey had diedâjust last week.”
“Died! Of what?”
“In Trenton, it almost doesn't matter how. Death just
comes.
”
“Butâhow?”
“That wasn't clear. A drug overdose, maybe. Or a drug dealer wanting the money Harvey owed him.”
5.
Often when I returned home, the apartment was empty.
A look as of having been ravaged, ransacked.
Smells of tobacco smoke, or hashish. Distinctive yet inexplicable
smells.
Slowly I would make my way into Harvey's bedroom, and then his bathroomâhoping I would not find his body collapsed on the floor.
And in the little nursery at the rear of the apartmentâa patch of shadow beneath my desk-table made me start, and cry out in alarm.
“Oh!”âthough I could see that it was nothing.
Thinking
It won't matter how. It just
âcomes.
And who else lived in the quasi-renovated English Tudor at 11 Grindell?
Harvey knew none of his neighbors. They appeared to be, with the exception of an elderly white couple who lived below Harvey, on the first floor, a shifting population that sometimes included young children, mostly dark-skinned, with a scattering of “whites”âindividuals who avoided my eye when we happened to meet in the vestibule, or on the stairs. In one of the third-floor apartments, a few days after I'd arrived to stay with Harvey, there was some sort of medical emergency: a loud siren, loud voices and footsteps on the stairs, a woman's uplifted frightened voice, shouted instructions and cries and Harvey forbidding me to open the door: “You don't want to know, Lydia. And I sure don't, either.”
Beneath Harvey, on the first floor, lived an elderly white couple who seemed rarely to leave their apartment, surname
Baumgarten
. They were so quiet, even in the aftermath of noise and clamor in my brother's apartment, I worried for their well-beingâ“What if they've died, and no one knows? Shouldn't we check on them?”âand Harvey said, frowning, “No. That's a terrible idea.”
Once, I did knock on the Baumgartens' door, 1B. After a very long time the door was opened a crack, and a single eye, lashless, naked, staring in suspicion, appeared at about the level of my chin.
Yes? What do you want?
âa suspicious whispery voice inquired.
And I could not think how to replyâ
Nothing! I want nothing from you only just
âsome evidence that you areâthat you are notâthat you are
alive
.
But I could not utter such ridiculous words. I could not utter anything convincing or halfway reasonable stammering finally
Excuse me! I'm so sorry to interrupt you, I think I have the wrong address
...
The door shut, the door was bolted from within.
I never caught a glimpse of the Baumgartens again.
One of the assignments I'd brought to Trenton was a bound galley of a slender book titled
Cleansing Rituals: Mother, Infant, Taboo
which appeared to be a doctoral dissertation by a young assistant professor of anthropology at UC-Berkeley.
I felt that familiar thrill of rivalry! Envy.
Yet: I was determined to be utterly fair and judicious in my review. Where I wasn't qualified to criticize, I would not criticize. I would look for much to praise.
It was an honor, I'd thought, and a matter of some pride, that the prestigious
Journal of the Anthropology of Religion
had asked me to do a brief, five-hundred-word review of the book. It was not common for editors of such a peer-reviewed journal to assign reviews to academicians like myself who were so young, and lacking a Ph.D., and had not yet published books themselves. But the editors of the
Journal
had heard me present a paper at a conference at Columbia University in September and had sent me the galley to review, to my surprise. Yet more of a surprise was my thesis advisor Professor A.'s reaction: he had scarcely been impressed but rather sourly he'd warned me not to “squander” my energy in transient tasks, at this time in my career when completing a substantial dissertation was crucial.
I was disappointed, and hurt. It seemed to be a melancholy pattern in my life, I brought to others news of achievements which I would have thought might impress them, or cause them to feel pride for me; but the reaction was totally antipathetic. I could not
predict.
So frequently the term
taboo
occurs in anthropological research, it would be helpful to know what
taboo
means.
But we can know only the
taboos
of others, which we can coolly deconstruct. Our own, private
taboos
are hidden to us as the contours of our own brains.
My subject was a number of linked ancient texts dealing with rituals of childbirth/motherhood. In these texts, there were no father-figuresâno father-deitiesâonly the pregnant female, the female-in-childbirth, the female and her infant, and female “spirits” (“demons”?).
The number of ancient manuscripts dealing with twins must have been hugely disproportionate to the number of twins born, which was a puzzle. In this culture twins were likely to be “sacred twins”âunless they were “demon twins.” The obsessive subject prevailed across different cultures and eras and into the present day in Africaâmuch about the rituals was similar, yet, unaccountably, there were rituals that seemed to contradict the others.
Some twins were “sacred” and beloved. Some twins were “demonic” and were to be killed immediately at birth. In one text, the fullness of the moon seemed to be a relevant factor; in another, the nature of the deliveryâwhether it was exceedingly bloody, for instance. (If the mother died in childbirth, “sacred” twins were reared by the tribe; “demonic” twins were to be executed at once, and not buried with the mother.) Yet these issues were hedged with doubt and ambivalence and the effort of translating the relevant manuscripts was challenging, for there were words that, translated, might mean what they usually meant or their opposite. And there were key words that baffled translators. In such cases infanticide was not considered murder but “ritual cleansing.” Professor A. had written extensively of the puzzles and paradoxes of the Eweian texts which dated from A.D. 700 yet retained older, ancient passages and single words that had become extinct by A.D. 700 so it was not clear what the author of the text meant by them. Professor A. had spent much of his mid-career on this paradoxical subject and had tried to explain to me where the more crucial problems lay. Basically, Professor A. was involved in a genteel feud with other translators and scholars for it was his belief that the texts had been inadequately translatedâthe (unclean) infants had not been murdered but in some literal way “cleansed.” There was a Eweian termâ
sRjAApuna
â
that can be translated as “cleansing”â“eradicating”â“purifying”â(more rarely) “destroying.” There were recipes for sacred ointments, baths, amulets to “purify”âor “protect”âthe mother who had just given birth, who would have been, like all such mothers, then as now, extremely vulnerable to lethal infections; except these ancient people did not know about bacterial infections, only that mothers often died in childbirth, a time of terrible “uncleanliness.” In all this, the taboo functioned mysteriously: some sort of (never-spoken) acknowledgment of the Great Mother, represented as a genial sort of demon with ornamental skulls around her neck.
Working on the Eweian texts, I sometimes felt that I understood the intent of the manuscript clearly, as if the author were not an ancient scribeâmale, more likely than femaleâbut a kindred soul; yet, the next day when I sat down to work, I felt that I did not understand at all, and that the arcane and forbidden vocabulary would never yield to my attempts to decode it.
I did know, from my conversations with Professor A., that Professor A. would not favor any text-translation that suggested that the ritual cleansings were ritual murdersâritual infanticide. I knew this, and hoped that I would have enough integrity to insist upon my own interpretation, eventually.
How I wished that I could work with Nyame manuscriptsâthe famous text of ancient times in which the “sacred trinity” is established: God the father, God the mother, and God the son. In all, to the Nyame people, who'd once lived in the general region of Zimbabwe, God was not a singular individual, not a master-monster, but a
family.
(Too bad, there wasn't God the daughter, too. But this notion of a
family-God
seemed wonderful to me, enviable.)
Once, I'd said to Professor A., “Why is so much of primitive life ritual? What
is
ritual?” and Professor A. said, as if he'd answered this question many times in his career, “Ritual eliminates chance. The originality and errors of chance. Ritual is repetition. Repetition becomes âsacred.' Our ancestors know, as we know, that we can't trust âchance.' We must have reasons for what we do, even if they are unreasonable.”
I knew that I had misspoken: I should not have used the expression
primitive.
But when I tried to apologize for this politically incorrect, anachronistic term, Professor A. laughed as if conspiratorially saying, “Well, let's be frank, Lydia. There are âprimitive peoples' even todayââaboriginals.' Much of the worldâthe African continent, surelyâexcept for South Africaâis primitive. Witch doctors drilling holes in people's skulls to release demons. Worse than the Roman Catholic exorcismâthough that's âprimitive' enough. And when the patient dies, it's the demon who killed him, not the witch doctor.”