Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (252 page)

47.
On the glorification of militarism during this period, see Louise Young,
Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and The Culture of Wartime Imperialism
(University of California Press, 1997); Kinbara Samon, Takemae Eiji., eds.,
Sh
washi, z
hoban
(Y
hikaku Sensho, 1989), pp. 93–97.

48.
Kido K
ichi nikki, j
, p. 167. The naval officers had been influenced by
kawa Sh
mei and Lt. Comm. Fujii Hitoshi, an ultranationalist killed at Shanghai in February 1932. See
TN, dai nikan
(Ch
K
ronsha, 1995), May 20, 1933, p. 78.

49.
Five days after Inukai's murder, Army Minister Araki warned divisional commanders that “movements of the emperor's army are made on irreversible orders from him. The entire imperial army must be held monolithic and never allowed to form free, vertical commands and act like private armies. In short, it…can take action only on the basis of the emperor's orders.” Cited in Masuda, “Sait
Makoto kyokoku itchi naikakuron,” in
Shiriizu Nihon kingendaishi, k
z
to hend
, 3 gendai shakai e no tenkai
(Iwanami Shoten, 1993), p. 234.