In Her Own Right : The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton (51 page)

19
. Andrew Combe,
A Treatise on the Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy
, 4th ed. (New York: W. H. Colyer, 1846); ECS to ESM, 2 July 1851, AL-VC.

20
. Delavan, “Stanton”; ECS to Mrs. James Birney, 24 May 1849, TS-DL.

21
. ECS to HBS, 16 March 1842 and 9 Dec. 1850,
Letters
, 8, 25–26.

22
. Hemon, “Stanton,” 1; ECS to ESM, 20 June 1853,
Letters
, 52–53.

23
. G[errit] Smith Stanton, “How Aged Housekeeper Gave Her All to Cause of Woman’s Suffrage”
Indianapolis Star
, Dec. 1920, SFHS; Theodore Stanton annotation on ECS to ESM, 5 Aug. 1851, TS-DL;
80Y
, 204; ECS to Daniel C. Stanton, 2 May 1852,
Letters
, 42. Little else is known about Amelia Willard (1835–1920).

24
. ECS to Daniel C. Stanton, 10 Dec. [1851], ECS-LC, reports staying one month and “having a very gay time.” HBS to “Dear Sons,” 22 Feb. 1852, ECS-LC, reports Theo very ill and that ECS had taken him to Peterboro, then Johnstown, leaving the Seneca Falls house shut up. Henry had to stay in a hotel.

25
. ECS to ESM, 1 May 1853,
Letters
, 49–50.

26
. ECS to GS, 5 Jan. [1852], ECS-LC; ECS to ESM, 4 June 1857 and 18 Oct. 1851,
Letters
, 31, 37; ECS to SBA, 1 March [1853], TS-DL.

27
. ECS to ESM, 6 June and 18 Oct. 1851,
Letters
, 31, 37; HBS to ECS, 15 Feb. 1851, ECS-LC. See also ECS to Daniel C. Stanton, 14 Oct. 1851,
Letters
, 35–36.

28
. ECS to ESM, 5 Aug. 1851, TS-DL, also
Letters
, 34; ECS to ESM, 4 June 1851,
Letters
, 29; ECS to SBA, 19 Feb. 1854, ECS-LC;
HWS
, 1:470–71.

29
.
80Y
, 162–63. The earliest piece of Stanton-Anthony correspondence extant is dated 2 April 1852.
80Y
, 162–63, puts their meeting after 1850;
HWS
, 1:456, dates it May 1851.

30
. Biographical sources for SBA include Ida Husted Harper,
The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony
, 2 vols. (Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill, 1899; reprint, Hollenbeck, 1908); Katharine Anthony,
Susan B. Anthony: Her Personal History and Her Era
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1954); AL,
Susan B. Anthony: Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian
(Boston: Beacon, 1959).

31
. Lee Chambers-Schiller, “The Single Woman: Family and Occupation among Nineteenth-Century Reformers,” in
Woman’s Being, Woman’s Place: Female Identity and Vocation in American History
, ed. Mary Kelley (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979), 334–50, contradicts the assumption that single women had fewer family responsibilities than married women.

32
. ECS to SBA, 2 April 1852,
Letters
, 41–42.

33
. Ibid. Stanton, inexperienced herself in mob control, must have been passing on advice from Henry or Mrs. Mott, both of whom were experts.

34
.
80Y
, 193; ECS quoted remark by HBS to SBA, 20 Aug. 1857,
Letters
, 70–71;
80Y
, 165.

35
. ECS to SBA, 23 Dec. 1859,
Letters
, 74; ECS to SBA, [1853], “Early Letters of Elizabeth Cady Stanton,” ed. Ida Husted Harper,
Independent
(21 May 1903), 1191, ECS-LC; SBA to ECS, 29 Sept. 1857, ECS-LC. Smith-Rosenberg, “Female World of Love and Ritual,” points out that sexual language and marital metaphors abound in correspondence between women in this era without indicating a lesbian relationship.

36
. Mary Grove Nichols to ECS, 21 Aug. 1852,
Letters
, 44.

37
. For ESM see
NAW
article by Elizabeth Warbasse;
80Y
, 54–55, 418–19, 455; ESM papers in GSM-SU and NYPL.

38
. ECS to ESM, 30 June 1853, TS-DL. “I do wish you would invent something for me to wear on my head. . . . You know I despise a bonnet, it is so uncomfortable and useless.”

39
. Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 147.

40
. LM had “an instinct for self-nurturing.” Ibid., 200. See also letter to author from Margaret Hope Bacon, 19 March 1982.

41
. Banner, “Stanton” (typescript), 81.

42
.
HWS
, 1:481–83.

43
.
CE
, 78.

44
. Ross Evans Paulson,
Women’s Suffrage and Prohibition: A Comparative Study of Equality and Social Control
(Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1973).

45
. ECS to SBA [Spring 1853], CE, 84.

46
.
HWS
, 1:517–20.

47
. ECS to LM, 22 Oct. 1852,
Letters
, 44; ECS to ESM, 22 Oct. 1852, ECS-LC, also AL-VC, and
CE
, 81.

48
. Delavan, “Stanton,” 11; ECS to ESM, [Nov. 1852], ECS-LC.

49
. ECS to ESM, 22 Oct. 1852, ECS-LC.

50
. ECS to ESM, 21 Nov. 1852 and 30 Sept. 1853,
Letters
, 45, 53–54.

51
. ECS to SBA, 2 April 1853,
Letters
, 41–42.

52
. HBS to ECS, 5 Jan. 1854, 19 Oct. 1856, and 18 Jan. 1857, ECS-LC.

53
. HBS to ECS, 28 Jan. 1859, and Oliver Johnson to ECS, [spring 1856?], ECS-LC; Margaret Stanton Lawrence, “As a Mother,”
New Era
1 (Nov. 1885):323, ECS-LC; ECS reference in the
Lily
, Sept. 1851, complete file at New-York Historical Society, New York, N.Y. (hereafter NYHS).

54
.
80Y
, 209, 105.

55
. G. S. Stanton, “Aged Housekeeper”; ECS to HBS, 2 Sept. 1851, ECS-LC.

56
.
HWS
, 1:465;
80Y
, 153.

57
.
80Y
, 152–53.

58
. Amelia Bloomer to ECS, on envelope, [April 1851],
Letters
, 27; Delavan, “Stanton,” 12.

59
. SBA to ECS, 13 Nov. 1853, and William H. Channing to ECS, 18 Dec. 1853, ECS-LC.

60
. ECS to SBA, 1 Dec. 1853,
Letters
, 54–55; also “Early Letters,” 1189.

61
.
80Y
, 187–89. ECS, “Reminiscences,” 6–7, confuses details of 1848 and 1854 and describes Judge Cady’s offering her a house if she would not speak. In both of these accounts she convinces him and he helps her.

62
. Cowing, “Pioneer Suffragist,” 14, repeats the bribe story. Harriot Stanton Blatch,
A Sketch of the Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton
(n.p., 1915), ECS-LC, concludes, “From the time Mrs. Stanton first began her public work she had one long serious battle with her father.” The evidence indicating a break with her father comes from two letters written the next year. ECS to ESM, 20 Sept. 1855,
Letters
, 61: “I lie . . . heavily on his soul”; and ECS to SBA, 10 Sept. 1855,
Letters
, 59–60, also TS-DL, quoted subsequently.

63
.
80Y
, 187.

64
.
HWS
, 1:595–605.

65
.
80Y
, 192; Lawrence, “Who Was . . . My Mother,” 11–12.

66
. ECS to SBA, 10 Sept. 1855, TS-DL, also
Letters
, 59–60. ECS concluded, “I wish you to consider this letter strictly confidential. Sometimes Susan, I struggle in deep waters. . . . I read and write a good deal, as you see. But there are grievous interruptions. However, a good time is coming and my future is always bright and beautiful. As ever your friend, sincerely and steadfast.”

67
. ECS to ESM, 20 Sept. 1855,
Letters
, 61. The will of Daniel Cady filed with Fulton County Courthouse, Johnstown, N.Y., after his death in 1859 included Elizabeth. Because each legacy is mentioned specifically by lot and location, it is difficult to determine if her share was equal to her sisters’.

68
. ECS to SBA, n.d., “Early Letters,” 1189.

1
. ECS to ESM, 4 June 1854,
Letters
, 5.

2
. ECS, “I Have All the Rights I Want,”
Una
, n.d., ECS-LC.

3
. ECS to SBA, 15 Feb. 1855,
Letters
, 59; ECS to SBA, 2 Nov. 1857, TS-DL.

4
. LM to ECS, 16 March 1855, ECS-LC.

5
. ECS to SBA, 15 Feb. 1855,
Letters
, 59.

6
. ECS diary,
Letters
, 177.

7
. ECS to SBA, 24 Jan. 1856, ECS-LC. Stanton’s friend Oliver Johnson, a Boston attorney and abolitionist, responded to a similarly phrased letter: “I suppose you
meant
to say that you had issued the sixth
volume
, not edition, of your great work. . . . I am curious to learn how many more volumes the world may expect to issue from your press!?” Oliver Johnson to ECS, 4 April 1856, ELS-LC.

8
. ECS to ESM, 24 Jan. 1856, AL-VC; ECS to SBA, 10 Feb. 1856, ECS-LC.

9
. ECS to ESM, 4 June 1851,
Letters
, 28–31.

10
.
National Era
, 17 June 1852, p. 99, Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 343; HBS to Charles L. Woodbury, 23 Dec. 1852, 10 Jan. and 21 Feb. 1853, ECS-LC.

11
. Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 353; Allan Nevins,
Ordeal of the Union
, 2 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1947), 2:320–27.

12
. HBS to Charles Sumner, 31 May 1855, Sumner MSS, HH.

13
. “I am tired of slavery agitation. I love peace and my profession, home and my books. But slavery will give us no peace.”
Albany Evening Journal
, 2 Oct. 1855, p. 2, Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 358.

14
. HBS to Thurlow Weed, 15 Oct. 1855, HBS MSS, NYHS; ECS to SBA, 4 Nov. 1855,
Letters
, 62.

15
. HBS to ECS, 25 Oct. 1856, ECS-LC. See also HBS to ECS, 19 Oct. 1856, ECS-LC; Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 361.

16
. ECS to GS, 28 Nov. 1856, “Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Gerrit Smith: Excerpts from Their Correspondence between 1856 and 1875, Pertaining to Abolition and Women’s Rights,” ed. W. Freeman Galpin,
New York History
16 (1935):323.

17
.
CE
, 101; Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 156. For Lucy Stone (hereafter LS), see Alice Stone Blackwell,
Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman’s Rights
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1930; reprint, Detroit: Grand River Books, 1971); Elinor Rice Hays,
Morning Star: Biography of Lucy Stone, 1818–1893
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1961).

18
. SBA to ECS, 5 June 1856, and ECS to SBA, 10 June 1856, ECS-LC.

19
. ECS to SBA, Dec. 1857,
Letters
, 71–72: “How do you stand on the Lecompton question? You Garrisonians are such a crotchety set that generally, when all other men see cause for rejoicing, you howl the more grievously.”

20
. ECS to GS, 3 Jan. 1856,
Letters
, 63; GS to ECS, 6 Jan. 1856, ECS-LC; AL,
Anthony
, 54–57.

21
. AL,
Anthony
, 76, 52, 77.

22
. ECS to SBA, 30 July 1857, TS-DL.

23
. ECS to SBA, 20 Aug. 1857,
Letters
, 70–71.

24
. ECS to ESM, 20 Sept. 1855, and ECS to Wendell Phillips, 18 Aug. 1860, ibid., 59–60, 84.

25
. SBA to ECS, 29 Sept. 1857, ECS-LC.

26
. SBA to ECS, 5 June 1856, ECS-LC, also
Letters
, 64–65, and
CE
, 102–3; ECS to SBA, [June 1856?], ECS-LC. SBA never exhibited any pride of authorship. It was well known in feminist circles that ECS wrote SBA’s speeches. SBA’s dependence on ECS’s skills was an important factor in their long friendship.

27
. ECS, coeducation speech,
American Reveille
, 10 March 1855, ECS-LC; AL,
Anthony
, 69;
CE
, 104; ECS to SBA, 20 Aug. [1857], AL-VC.

28
. ECS to LS, 24 Nov. 1856, TS-DL.

29
. ECS to SBA, 4 July 1858, TS-DL.

30
. LM to Martha Wright (hereafter MW), 3 and 28 Nov. 1858, LM-FHS.

31
. Charles W. Slack to ECS, 2 Sept. and 9 Nov. 1858, and ECS to ESM, 1 Dec. 1858, ECS-LC; ECS to George W. Curtis, 25 Sept. 1858, Curtis MSS, HH.

32
. Caroline Severance to ECS, 24 Oct. 1858, ECS-LC, asks if Henry’s remark to Boston friends that she planned to renege on the invitation were true.

33
. SBA to Antoinette Brown Blackwell, 4 Sept. 1858, Blackwell MSS, AES.

34
. “Phrenological Character of Mrs. Elizabeth C. Stanton,” ECS-VC. See also app. C.

35
. ECS to SBA, 2 April 1859,
CE
, 106; ECS to SBA, 10 April 1859, AL-VC.

36
.
Seneca County Courier
, 25 June 1859, and ECS to SBA, [June 1859], ECS-LC; ECS to SBA, 15 July 1859, AL-VC, also
Letters
, 74. ECS to ESM, 1 Sept. 1859, ECS-LC: “I am in great need of some reliable help.”

37
. ECS to SBA, [18] Dec. 1859, ECS-LC, also
Letters
, 75. These images are repeated again and again by ECS in her autobiography when she talks about death.
80Y
, 7–8, 18, 22, 24, 25.

38
. G. S. Stanton, “Aged Housekeeper,” gives the $50,000 figure. Daniel Cady’s will, on file at Fulton County Courthouse, Johnstown, N.Y., lists specific properties in addition to cash gifts but provides no actual total value to ECS’s legacy.

39
. HBS to GS, 7 May 1861, GSM-SU, asks for advice on how to invest his wife’s money.

40
. ECS to Amy Post, 1 June 1860,
Letters
, 179.

41
.
HWS
, 1:679.

42
.
80Y
, 215–16.

43
. ECS to SBA, 24 April 1860,
Letters
, 76; ECS to SBA, 1 March [1853], TS-DL; LS to ECS, 14 Aug. 1853, ECS-LC; LS to ECS, 22 Oct. 1856,
Letters
, 67–68; LS to ECS, 17 Sept. 1856, ECS-LC.