JFK & the Unspeakable: Why He Died & Why It Matters (46 page)

[
99
]. Clay-Rusk telegram, November 13, 1961; in
FRUS, 1961-1963, Volume XIV: Berlin Crisis
,
1961-1962
(Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 586.

[
100
].
Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy, 1961,
p. 1
.

[
101
]. Ibid., p. 2.

[
102
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. VI, p. 43.

[
103
]. Ibid., p. 37.

[
104
]. Ibid., p. 44.

[
105
]. Ibid.

[
106
]. Ibid., p. 60.

[
107
]. Ibid., p. 63.

[
108
]. Ibid.

[
109
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. XXIV, pp. 398-99.

[
110
]. Schlesinger,
Thousand Days
, p. 428.

[
111
]. Cited by Timothy N. Castle,
At War in the Shadow of Vietnam: U.S. Military Aid to the Royal Lao Government, 1955-1975
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), p. 54.

[
112
]. Schlesinger,
Thousand Days
, p. 427.

[
113
]. Walt Haney, “The Pentagon Papers and the United States Involvement in Laos,” in
Pentagon Papers,
vol. 5, p. 264.

[
114
]. Hugh Toye summarizing the
Times
’ articles of May 24 and 31, 1962, in his
Laos: Buffer State or Battleground
(London: Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 184.

[
115
].
The Times
(May 31, 1962), cited by Toye,
Laos,
pp. 184-85.

[
116
]. Haney, “Pentagon Papers,” p. 264.

[
117
]. Stevenson,
End of Nowhere,
p. 170.

[
118
]. Ibid., p. 154.

[
119
]. Rudy Abramson,
Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891-1986
(New York: William Morrow, 1992), pp. 586-87.

[
120
]. Ibid., p. 587.

[
121
]. Ibid.

[
122
]. From the journal of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., May 14, 1962; cited in
Robert Kennedy and His Times
, p. 758.

[
123
].
FRUS, 1961-1963, Volume II, Vietnam 1962
(Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990), p. 298.

[
124
]. Ibid., p. 297.

[
125
]. Cited by John M. Newman,
JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue, and the Struggle for Power
(New York: Warner Books, 1992), p. 236.

[
126
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, p.327.

[
127
]. Ibid., p. 309.

[
128
]. Ibid.

[
129
]. The official State Department volume that published the memorandum recording the Kennedy–Harriman conversation on April 6, 1962, states in a footnote: “The instructions referred to here [as ordered by the President] have not been found.”
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, p. 309.

[
130
]. Gareth Porter,
Perils of Dominance
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), p. 158.

[
131
]. Ibid., p. 159.

[
132
]. John Kenneth Galbraith confirmed to a
Boston Globe
reporter in 2005 that he never received President Kennedy’s instructions for the mutual de-escalation proposal for North Vietnam. Bryan Bender, “Papers Reveal JFK Efforts on Vietnam,”
Boston Globe
(June 6, 2005).

[
133
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, p. 310.

[
134
]. George Allen, interview by John M. Newman, August 10, 1987; cited by Newman,
JFK and Vietnam
, pp. 254, 264-66. Also George Allen,
The Indochina Wars: 1950-1975
(unpublished manuscript).

[
135
]. Newman,
JFK and Vietnam,
p. 265.

[
136
]. Allen interview cited by Newman,
JFK and Vietnam,
p. 254.

[
137
]. Ibid.

[
138
]. Ibid.

[
139
]. Allen,
Indochina Wars
, p. 192; cited by Newman,
JFK and Vietnam,
p. 254.

[
140
]. John Kenneth Galbraith,
A Life in Our Times
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), p. 469.

[
141
]. Ibid., p. 406.

[
142
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, p. 549.

[
143
].
Pentagon Papers,
vol. 2
,
p. 175.

[
144
]. Ibid., p. 176.

[
145
]. Unlike the military chiefs ordered to draw up Kennedy’s withdrawal plan, the
Pentagon
Papers
identify it explicitly as “Phased Withdrawal of U.S. Forces, 1962-1964.” Ibid., pp. 160-200.

[
146
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, pp. 673-75.

[
147
]. Ibid., p. 607.

[
148
]. Ibid., p. 566.

[
149
]. Ibid., p. 587.

[
150
]. Ibid., p. 675.

[
151
]. Ibid., p. 690.

[
152
]. Gregory Allen Olson,
Mansfield and Vietnam: A Study in Rhetorical Adaptation
(East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1995), p. 2.

[
153
].
FRUS, 1961-1963,
vol. II, p. 779.

[
154
]. Ibid., p. 782.

[
155
]. Ibid., pp. 782-83.

[
156
]. O’Donnell and Powers, “
Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,”
p. 15.

[
157
]. Isaiah Berlin oral history, John F. Kennedy Library. Cited by David Kaiser,
American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War
(Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000), p. 41.

[
158
]. John Kenneth Galbraith,
Ambassador’s Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969), p. 632.

[
159
]. Cited by Roberts,
First Rough Draft,
p. 221.

[
160
]. Roger Hilsman, letter to the
New York Times
, January 20, 1992.

[
161
].
FRUS, 1961-1963
, Volume III:
Vietnam, January-August 1963
(Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991), p. 63. Hilsman letter to the
New York Times
.